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Under sustained high greenhouse-gas emissions, the stratospheric quasi-biennial oscillation (QBO) may weaken and eventually disappear, potentially reducing short-term climate predictability, highlighting the risks of continued emissions for the middle and upper atmosphere.

NIID is a neurodegenerative disease caused by GGC repeat expansions within NOTCH2NLC gene. Here, authors develop a precise gene-editing therapy that effectively treats the disease in multiple models.

Life’s transition between saltwater and freshwater environments requires major genetic innovations. This study reveals the key genes for salinity adaptation in Chlorella sp. MEM25, an early saltwater alga.

Large-effect variants in autism remain elusive. Here, the authors use long-read sequencing to assemble phased genomes for 189 individuals, identifying pathogenic variants in TBL1XR1, MECP2, and SYNGAP1, plus nine candidate structural variants missed by short-read methods.

Liu et al. report Chinese normative lifespan brain charts showing later neurodevelopmental milestones than those detected in Western cohorts. Individual deviations from these norms are valuable in assessing clinical risk and outcomes.

This study reports that genomic signatures composed of the loss of pluripotency inhibitors, expansion of pluripotency activators and maintenance of an epigenetically permissive state contribute to the plantlet formation in Kalanchoe.

The Taiwan Precision Medicine Initiative (TPMI) has built a cohort of more than half a million individuals with Han Chinese ancestry, providing a rich resource of genetic and medical data for this group.

A non-invasive 40 Hz light flicker induces adenosine-mediated ischemic preconditioning, offering a potentially safe and translational approach to protect against nonarteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy and related ocular ischemic disorders.

It is unclear how early-life urbanicity influences adult neurobehavioral traits. This study reveals that earlier menarche mediates the relationship between early-life urbanicity and adult neurobehavioral traits associated with mental disorders.

The mechanisms underlying immunerelated adverse events (irAEs) following the combination of chemoradiotherapy with immunotherapy remain to be characterized. Here, single cell multi-omics and spatial transcriptomics on locally advanced cervical cancer patients identifies distinct effects on different immune cells associated with irAEs.

A cross-ancestry GWAS meta-analyses of brainstem structures identify 713 associations. It reveals shared/distinct genetic architectures across ancestries/substructures and overlaps with neuropsychiatric disorders and physiological functions.

Multi-site editing of NRPS adenylation domains using the UgRNA/Cas9 system effectively expanded the structural and functional diversity of surfactins, leading to engineered strains that exhibited diverse antifungal profiles.

Here they show that mitochondria-localized NEK7 couples mitochondrial complex II subunit SDHB to maintain the homeostasis of electron transport in hepatocytes, thereby impeding the progression of liver fibrosis.

Here the authors reveal a study of 486,956 Han Chinese individuals showing that most people with genetic variants affecting drug response do not have the predicted adverse events, highlighting the challenges of implementing pharmacogenetics in clinical practice.

Reducing the embodied carbon emissions of building material stock is essential for mitigation. Using a high-resolution multiyear dataset in China, researchers show the historically massive contributions of these emissions during past decades of rapid urbanization and the potential risks for future climate goals.

The Taiwan Precision Medicine Initiative recruited and genotyped more than half a million Taiwanese participants, almost all of Han Chinese ancestry, and performed comprehensive genomic analyses and developed polygenic risk score prediction models for numerous health conditions.

Species mixing is known to influence leaf litter decomposition, but its effects on root decomposition remain poorly understood. This study reveals strong non-additive mixing effects in absorptive root decomposition, especially in combinations including ectomycorrhizal species, with implications for soil carbon and nutrient dynamics.

Ad-Hex, a multivalent chimpanzee adenoviral influenza vaccine, confers broad-spectrum protection against various influenza subtypes in mice by eliciting robust immunity via cross-reactive antibodies and CD8+ T-cell responses.

ANKLE1 senses DNA tension and negative supercoiling, enhancing cleavage of stretched, supercoiled DNA to resolve chromatin bridges, highlighting its unique mechanosensitive role in maintaining genome stability during cell division.

PCBP2 is elevated in AD and forms condensates that sequester mitochondrial proteins and RBPs, disrupting mitochondrial function and the NMD of BACE1 mRNA, alongside amyloid deposition. The small molecule, CN-0928 mitigates AD pathology by inhibiting PCBP2 condensation.

Magnesium metal batteries hold great promise for next-generation energy storage but struggle with limited understanding of their deposition mechanisms. Here, authors employ cryogenic electron microscopy to uncover how interfacial chemistry governs magnesium deposition across diverse electrolytes.

Researchers identified a unique “latch bulge” in yeast mitofusin Fzo1. This fungi-specific structure allows Fzo1 to dimerize and remain locked after catalyzing GTP hydrolysis, enabling efficient mitochondrial fusion with minimal energy consumption.

The authors show that NAT10 is upregulated with T cell antigen receptor signaling and that T cell-specific NAT10 deficiency results in diminished numbers of naive T cells, translating to an inability to mount a significant antiviral T cell response.

Limited improvement of systemic therapy has been achieved in first line treatment for advanced Biliary tract cancer (BTC). In this randomized phase 2 trial on BTC, the combination of sintilimab, anlotinib, and gemcitabine/cisplatin demonstrated an improvement in progression - free survival (PFS) and objective response rate (ORR) while reducing the risk of disease progression compared to chemotherapy monotherapy.

Interwoven magnetic and non-magnetic layers in TbTi₃Bi₄ overcome kagome frustration, producing coupled elliptical-spiral magnetic and spin-density-wave orders and a very large anomalous Hall effect driven by strong electron–magnetic field interactions.

Engineering human microglia with a Down-syndrome-linked myeloid gene variant resists tau-induced dysfunction and protects neurons in chimeric brains, offering proof of concept for transformative microglial replacement therapies in Alzheimer’s disease.

Desmocollin 2 (DSC2) binds to the EBV glycoprotein H/glycoprotein L complex and allows for virus entry to epithelial cells, which could be blocked by DSC2-specific antibodies. DSC2 allowed for virus entry independent of Ephrin receptor A2.

UAD-2 promotes piRNA transcription by recognizing H3K27me3 marked heterochromatin. Here the authors show that UAD-2 interacts with TAF-12, a subunit of transcription factor IID (TFIID), to drive piRNA transcription.

Nanomechanical resonators behave as resonant filters for driving forces. Here, the authors employ a few-layer graphene nanomechanical resonator as a filter for multifrequency forces modulated by a video signal. They demonstrate that the modulated vibrations encode an accurate copy of the video.

Psoriasis is a complex inflammatory disease of the skin and mouse models may not reproduce the human disease. Here the authors show that UEB2L3 is involved in human psoriasis and that a mouse model deficient in Ube2l3 recapitulates major features of the human disease involving CXCL16 and CD8 or γδ T cells secreting IL-17 to exacerbate skin inflammation.

Poly(vinylidene fluoride-co-trifluoroethylene)’s (PVDF-TrFE) piezoelectricity can be enhanced by annealing, however current annealing methods are slow. Here, the authors perform ultra-fast flash annealing of PVDF-TrFE to achieve a high piezoelectricity.

Chirality amplification and transfer strategies are powerful routes to endow covalent organic polymers with supramolecular helicity, expanding their structural and functional versatility. Here, the authors studied helical polyimines with uniform helicity but that displayed reversed chiroptical signatures upon subtle adjustments to a single polymerization parameter.

R9AP is a key receptor for entry of Epstein–Barr virus into human epithelial and B cells, and interacts directly with the viral glycoprotein gH/gL complex to mediate virus–host membrane fusion.

In this phase 4 trial, the authors compare the immunogenicity and safety of co-purified diphtheria, tetanus, and acellular pertussis combined vaccine (co-purified DTaP) to diphtheria and tetanus combined vaccine (DT) in 6-year-old Chinese children.