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Cardiovascular surgery and haemodialysis urgently need durable vascular grafts. Here, authors develop a decellularized polymer skeleton-reinforced biotube as a readily-available vascular graft and demonstrate utility in vivo across multiple large animal preclinical models.

In neuromorphic vision, frame-based benchmarks substantially overestimate performance. Here, the authors introduce latency-aware evaluation framework, bridging the sim-to-real gap.

Zinc isotopes in basalts along a 1,100-km transect of the Gakkel Ridge record widespread mantle recycling of surface carbonates via ancient oceanic subduction, explaining the unusually carbon-rich nature of the Arctic asthenosphere.

Epitaxial CuO thin films exhibit crystal-symmetry-dependent orbital Rashba–Edelstein effects, enabling anisotropic orbital torque generation. The work reveals how crystal symmetry governs orbital angular momentum transport in oxide spintronic systems.

Fluidic memristor arrays share a promising similarity with biological neural systems, yet their scalability and integration present significant hurdles. Here, Guo et al. report a 10×10 hydrogel-based fluidic memristor array capable of implementing fundamental neuroplasticity and reservoir computing.

The crystal structure of the CHS-CHIL complex reveals a gating mechanism that enhances CHS activity and specificity. This conserved regulatory paradigm, validated by engineering a CHIL variant, offers strategies to improve flavonoid production in plants.

Conventional dendritic cells (cDCs) are essential to generate effective anti-tumor immune responses; however, they are often dysfunctional within the tumor microenvironment. Here the authors report that the impaired function of cDCs in late-stage tumors is associated with a reduction of pentose phosphate pathway (PPP), suggesting strategies to augment PPP as a therapeutic option to increase cDC-mediated anti-tumor response.

FOXA1 is a master suppressor of prostate cancer tumorigenesis and lineage plasticity. Here, the authors discover that FOXA1 loss in mice drives basal-squamous de-differentiation and remodels the tumor microenvironment characterized by immunosuppressive myeloid cell accumulation and T-cell dysfunction.

Authors present a specialized diagnostic tool called ClinDiag-GPT trained on real-world cases. It outperformed baseline models of existing large language models and could serve as a clinical assistant to physicians.

The COMPASSION16 trial showed survival benefits of cadonilimab plus standard therapy in advanced cervical cancer. Here, subgroup analysis confirms consistent progression-free and overall survival improvements across diverse patient profiles.

RNA editing influences gene regulation in cancer. Here, the authors show that EZH2 regulates RNA editing by ADAR1 through remodeling its interactome and nuclear transport, thereby promoting MDM2 expression and prostate cancer progression.

Women with diminished ovarian reserve face persistently low success rates during in vitro fertilization. Here, the authors show that a modified letrozole protocol yields cumulative clinical pregnancy rates and cumulative live birth rates comparable to those of the GnRH antagonist protocol.

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a complex autoimmune condition and treatment options have limited efficacy. Here, by analysis clinical samples and employing preclinical models, the authors show that cGAMP levels are elevated in the plasma of patients with SLE and that loss of cGAS ameliorates symptoms in an imiquimod-induced lupus model. Importantly, they identify prasugel as a cGAS inhibitor with promising therapeutic potential.

Silk mechanics depend on how proteins are arranged inside fibers, yet this organization is not fully resolved. Here, authors apply cryo-electron tomography to silkworm, spider and artificial silks, uncovering aligned nanofibrils and distinct differences in packing density

The mycotoxin deoxynivalenol (DON) threatens global human and animal health. Here, the authors identify two key functional enzymes in a bacterium that initiate the complete degradation of DON to CO2, elucidating their core catalytic mechanisms and biotechnological application potential.

The authors uncover a noncanonical role for Arabidopsis POT1b in maintaining genome stability through ROS regulation, establishing an unexpected connection between telomere biology and cellular oxidative stress.

Deep brain stimulation is effective but invasive. Here, the authors develop an injectable conductive hydrogel that forms in situ and enables wireless neuromodulation under volume conduction via capacitive coupling, showing therapeutic potential in a Parkinson’s disease rat model

Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) contribute to tissue repair and regeneration by activating pro-repair macrophages. However, the precise signaling governing this crosstalk upon injury is elusive. Here, using a mouse model of endovascular injury and single-cell RNA sequencing, the authors identify an IL-33–ST2–OPN axis that orchestrates the functional interaction between MSCs and reparative ST2+ macrophages, stimulating vascular smooth muscle cell and vascular repair.

Sepsis is a heterogeneous inflammatory disease and it is believed treatment requires suitable stratification based on the underlying disease pathology and immunology. Here the authors show genetic variation in the regulatory elements of MTOR can impact neutrophil-T cell cross talk in the context of pneumonia associated sepsis, highlighting a genetic framework for targeted patient stratification.

Antifungal aureobasidin A (AbA) targets inositol phosphorylceramide (IPC) synthase. The authors trap its ceramide-bound and drugbound states, revealing the catalytic and drug-inhibition mechanisms, providing basis for antifungal drug development.

Standard of care CD19-targeting CAR-T therapy for Relapsed-Refractory Diffuse Large B Cell Lymphoma (r/r DLBCL) faces frequent resistance often driven by regulatory T cell (Treg) activation. This study identifies Timosaponin AIII (TAIII) as A2AR inhibitor for enhanced CAR-T activity while depleting CAR-Treg formation.

Drug discovery often lacks complete multimodal molecular data. Here, the authors introduce M2UMol, a framework that transfers multimodal knowledge into 2D structures, enabling accurate predictions with missing modalities across diverse tasks.

Ming et. al. reports a memristor with an intrinsic ionic gradient that enables stable second-order dynamics and physically modulated learning rates. The device supports stable, energy-efficient continual reinforcement learning and adaptive decision-making.

A clinical trial testing whether monitoring ctDNA clearance during treatment for nasopharyngeal cancer could be used to inform decisions about an individual’s subsequent therapeutic programme shows promising results.

Chan et al. develop a smartphone-based method that uses artificial intelligence to analyze sit-to-stand movements from standard video recordings. Video-derived joint movement speed outperforms conventional clinical motion assessment and achieves accuracy on par with laboratory-based motion analysis for detecting knee osteoarthritis.

Using volatile vanadium oxide and non-volatile tantalum oxide/hafnium oxide memristor arrays, a first-principles Fourier transform system can be created that can outperform conventional Fourier transform hardware in terms of throughput and reduce memory cost.

CD8⁺ T cell abundance in the tumor microenvironment is critical for immunotherapy success. This study shows that the STING–TOX axis suppresses CD8⁺ T cell antitumor activity by inducing ferroptosis. STING–TOX-deficient CD8⁺ T cells enhance outcomes when combined with checkpoint blockade or chemotherapy.

The role of PIWI proteins in mammalian reproduction remains poorly understood. Here, using golden hamsters, the authors establish expression profiles for all four PIWIs during gametogenesis and characterize their associated reproductive defects.

Researchers study the transition from bound states in the continuum (BICs) to quasi-BIC caused by out-of-plane asymmetry and illustrate how quality factors of BIC resonances are valuable tools for precise chip patterning accuracy.

An in situ epitaxial method can be used to grow thin films of antimony trioxide directly on two-dimensional semiconductors, such as tungsten diselenide, creating transfer-free dielectric gate stacks.

Host cell protein degradation machinery including the lysosome is involved in the processing and degradation of protein antigens. Here the authors develop lysosomal targeting vaccine approaches and test these in murine models of influenza infection.

Hong-Xuan Lin, Ji-Ping Gao, Jun-Xiang Shan and colleagues show that natural variation in a proteasome α2 subunit gene contributes to thermotolerance in African rice. Their follow-up studies suggest that the variant allele protects cells from heat stress by enhancing the elimination of cytotoxic denatured proteins and maintaining heat-response processes.

cf-EpiTracing enables automated profiling of histone modifications in cell-free DNA from human plasma, allowing identification of the cells of origin and disease diagnosis.

Previous de novo peptide sequencing is often limited by single protease-based experiments. Here, authors present the DiNovo software for high-coverage and high-confidence sequencing by using mirror proteases and deep learning.

A Dirac-vortex topological photonic crystal fiber is experimentally realized with broadband single polarization single-mode properties.

This study reports a self-driven nanoemulsification mechanism via surfactant-flux-induced interfacial instability, enabling the rapid, scalable production of highly uniform nanocarriers, such as nanodroplets, micelles, vesicles and polymeric nanoparticles, under mild conditions.

Root gravitropism anchors land plants to the ground and enables water uptake. Here, Zhang et al. define polar targeting of PIN2-like proteins as a major evolutionary innovation promoting shootward auxin transport and faster gravitropic responses of seed plants compared to basal vascular relatives.

Apomixis allows plants to reproduce clonally, yet it is unclear how rare sexual events shape their genomes. This study shows that residual sex in apomictic hickories causes recombination-driven loss of heterozygosity that exposes harmful mutations to selection and helps maintain clonality.