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The complexity of the evolved metabolic networks of flavonoids complicates pathway elucidation and design. Here, the authors identify enzymes that modify isoflavan scaffolds from the genome and transcriptome data of Glycyrrhiza glabra, and reconstruct de novo glabridin biosynthesis in yeast.

This work develops an atomic-level coordination engineering strategy that strengthens key intermediate adsorption to promote C–C coupling, enabling highly selective photocatalytic CO₂ conversion to ethylene.

This study shows that excessive atmospheric nitrogen deposition can enhance methane production and emissions by impacting microbial phosphorus acquisition due to the change of N/P ratios in oxygenated surface oceans.

Here they show that G9a-mediated H3K9me2 regulates intestinal homeostasis and injury repair through repression of cell cycle arrest genes in both mouse and human.

The authors present a wearable MXene-based sensing-processing-visualizing integrated system for tactile-visual recognition, multisensory interaction, trajectory recognition, and real-time feedback.

The complex interactions between the uterus microenvironment and the embryo during development are not fully understood. Here, authors engineer a 3D hydrogel culture system to investigate how the physical and biochemical properties of the uterine microenvironment impact embryo development in vitro.

Cryogenic transport measurements of CsV₃Sb₅ nanobeams show a zero-field Josephson diode effect and radio-frequency rectification with power-dependent quantized voltage output.

Fast reendothelialisation of vascular grafts is important for maintain patency. Here, the authors report on a vascular graft that regenerates the neo-adventitia with lymphatic endothelial cells, which increases the recruitment of circulatory progenitor cells, achieving 90% patency in small-diameter arterial grafts.

This study demonstrates a low-energy photon device based on the kagome metal RbV₃Sb₅. It demonstrates that Fermi surface reconstruction, driven by a phase transition, leads to the emergence of van Hove singularities near the Fermi level.

The existence of a long-lived, prethermal regime in many-body systems with tunable heating rates, driven by structured random protocols, is observed using a 78-qubit superconducting quantum processor.

The authors found esterified pectin localized at the stiff poles of maize stomata, modulating stomatal opening. These results reveal novel targets for stomatal engineering and breeding crops with higher water use efficiency.

The Taiwan Precision Medicine Initiative recruited and genotyped more than half a million Taiwanese participants, almost all of Han Chinese ancestry, and performed comprehensive genomic analyses and developed polygenic risk score prediction models for numerous health conditions.

NatD is an acetyltransferase responsible for N-α-terminal acetylation of the histone H4 and H2A and has been linked to cell growth. Here the authors show that NatD-mediated acetylation of histone H4 serine 1 competes with the phosphorylation by CK2α at the same residue thus leading to the upregulation of Slug and tumor progression.

Circadian rhythms shape epidermal stem cell fate by regulating rhythmic gene expression in human EPSCs. ZFP42 maintains stemness by sustaining CRY1 expression, promoting proliferation and restraining differentiation to preserve epidermal homeostasis.

A virus-mimicking micelle selectively delivers drugs to diseased chondrocytes in osteoarthritis, significantly alleviating disease progression in mouse and sheep models.

Topological metamaterial clothing based on metallic conductive textiles can be used to create robust biosensing networks on the human body that can monitor vital signs during exercise.

The genetic mechanisms of why polyploid plants exhibit adaptive advantages over diploids are unclear. Here, the authors assemble the autotetraploid alfalfa genome, incorporate it into a pangenome analysis, and reveal the trade-off between adaptive advantages and evolutionary constraints mediated by tetra-copy core genes.

Base editors enable nucleotide conversions but have fixed editing patterns. Here, authors develop Plug-in Base Editor, a modular system programming deaminase positioning via epitope-antibody interactions to boost efficiency and adjust editing windows.

This study provides new insights into the role of endoglin (ENG) as a co-receptor in endothelial cells and addresses a gap-in-knowledge on how ENG could be involved in both TGF-β and BMP9 signalling. Such knowledge greatly facilitates therapeutic targeting of ENG-related pathways.

Lampreys are jawless vertebrates that can offer unique insights into vertebrate evolution. Here they generate a comprehensive cell atlas of the lamprey, uncovering 70 distinct cell types across 14 tissues, and identify pancreas-like cells in the lamprey small intestine.

The authors find that O-GalNAc transferase 2 (GALNT2) restricts viral infection, probably through the regulation of the proteolytic processing of viral glycoproteins via its O-linked glycosylation activity, impairing virus–cell fusion.

IBI318 is a recombinant bispecific IgG1 antibody that targets PD-1 and PD-L1. Here the authors report the results of a phase II trial of IBI318 combined with the receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor lenvatinib in patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer with acquired resistance to first-line immune checkpoint inhibitors.

The defossilization platform offers a competitive approach to produce sustainable hydrocarbon fuels directly from biomass-derived feedstocks. Here, the authors report an integrated electrochemical strategy for converting renewable fatty acids into liquid alkanes under mild and scalable conditions.

Colonic smooth muscle cell (CSMC) hypertrophy and hyperplasia have been described in human ulcerative colitis (UC) and animal models. Here the authors show that mice lacking smooth muscle (SM) 22a develop spontaneous colitis which has RSAD2-driven mitochondrial dysfunction and inflammation in CSMC and show dependence on RSAD2 for colitis alleviation.

Twisted two-dimensional materials are materials with fascinating properties. Here, the authors report on the incorporation of a crystallographically incompatible rotation element into two dimensional polymers to construct twist-stacked covalent organic framework nanofibers with interesting chiroptical properties.

A multiomics dataset including genomics, transcriptomics and metabolomic variations across 403 upland cotton accessions identifies MYB genes regulating key metabolites and agronomic traits during cotton ovule and fiber development.

Dendrobium is a genus of mostly epiphytic and lithophytic orchids. Here, the authors conduct comparative genome analysis for 24 chromosome-level genome assemblies and genome skimming sequencing data for 204 species in this genus, and reveal genomic variation, biosynthesis and evolutionary adaptation in Dendrobium orchids.

Using molecular markers is a useful way to predict the prognosis of cancer patients. Here, Wei et al.describe a five gene methylation signature that can predict the prognosis of renal clear cell cancer and validate its use in multiple patient cohorts.

A new artificial intelligence model, DeepSeek-R1, is introduced, demonstrating that the reasoning abilities of large language models can be incentivized through pure reinforcement learning, removing the need for human-annotated demonstrations.

This study presents FolTAC-dual, a folate receptor-mediated platform for dual degradation of EGFR/HER2 and PD-L1/VISTA, offering a strategy to overcome drug resistance and enhance antitumor immunity for cancer treatment.

This work proposed a fully heterogeneous quantum network that connects diverse user systems and enables multiple quantum tasks. A software-defined quantum network structure is also proposed for coordinating network nodes and optimizing network performance. It paves the way for an open and versatile quantum internet.

Unveiling the regulation of mitotic protein degradation is crucial for cancer therapy. Here, the authors reveal that a reciprocal inhibition of PIN1-APC/C^CDH1 controls the cell cycle and mitotic protein degradation, offering a synergistic anti-tumor strategy.

A multimodal robotic platform is used to discover and optimize an electrocatalyst composition for formate oxidation.

Diabetes can contribute to pancreatic cancer development as well as be a consequence of it. Here, the authors report that diabetes-induced senescence of endothelial cells promotes pancreatic cancer progression.

ENSO shapes global vegetation resilience by driving both synchronization and climate-mediated impacts. This study reveals its influence on over half of the global vegetated area resilience and identifies future hotspots of ecosystem vulnerability.

Glasses are known for their intrinsic structural disorder. Here, Wu et al. uncover the hidden spatial organization of topological defects embedded in vibrational eigenmodes, and reveal how these defects govern the emergence of plastic flow under shear.

Infection with SARS-CoV-2 causes interstitial pneumonia and viral replication in the lungs of transgenic mice that express a human version of ACE2, confirming the pathogenicity of the virus in this model.