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Integrated scanning probe techniques in combination with first-principles theory unveil the crystallization of electron polarons into quasi-one-dimensional polaron superlattices in individual polypentacene molecules.

The authors show that prenatal propylparaben exposure causes transgenerational inheritance of diminished ovarian reserve via Rhobtb1 hypomethylation, with similar patterns in patient samples. Methyl-donor diet counteracts this, suggesting therapeutic potential.

Wu et al. developed SkySense++, a multi-modal remote sensing foundation model pretrained on 27 million multi-modal images, which achieved robust generalization and few-shot capabilities across several Earth observation tasks and domains, including agriculture and disaster management.

In this Perspective, members of the Aging Biomarker Consortium outline the X-Age Project, an Aging Biomarker Consortium plan for building standardized aging clocks in China. The authors discuss the project roadmap and its aims of decoding aging heterogeneity, detecting accelerated aging early and evaluating geroprotective interventions.

Here the authors show how the DNA-sensing cGAS–STING pathway activates NF-κB and inflammatory gene expression with delayed kinetics via post-Golgi endolysosomal signaling.

The electrosynthesis of amino acids is hindered by inefficient oxime intermediate conversion. Here, a relayed electron transfer mechanism is proposed using an ionic-liquid@Bi catalyst. Electrons are accepted by the ionic liquid to generate related radicals, which then transfer electrons to oxime, enabling efficient amino acid production.

While they resemble antiferromagnets in terms of vanishing magnetization, altermagnets also have a nonrelativistic spin-splitting bandstructure arising from the combination of crystal symmetry and magnetic ordering. Here, Zhang et al demonstrate the effective manipulation of spin-splitting torque based on the control of Néel vector in altermagnets.

Lipoylated proteins are essential for energy metabolism of both prokaryotes and eukaryotes. Here, the authors showed that the E. coli lipoate-protein ligase A (LplA) can boost the lipoylation of key energy metabolism enzymes of diverse organisms.

SLCO2A1 is an important prostaglandin (PG) transporter that regulates inactivation and distribution of PG. Here, authors present the cryo-EM structures of human SLCO2A1 bound with PGE₂, revealing the structural basis of PG recognition and transport.

Here, authors design and test synthetic nano-kirigami structures with Archimedean spirals to achieve large-range, bi-directional deformations. These results in high-performance optical modulation and high-resolution dynamic information displays, addressing limitations in existing nano-kirigami deformability.

Two phase 2 trials, along with translational analysis of prospective cohorts and experimental analysis, indicate that immunosenescence as a mechanism of resistance to immunotherapy can be overcome with the senolytics dasatinib and quercetin in patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma.

Experimental systems in which non-trivial topology is driven by spontaneous symmetry breaking are rare. Now, topological gaps resulting from two excitonic condensates have been demonstrated in a three-dimensional material.

The use of biomarkers of ageing is crucial for investigating age-related processes. This Review discusses biomarkers of ageing and of ageing-associated physiological changes, at the cellular, tissue and organism levels in humans and non-human primates.

Ribonucleoprotein aggresomes exclude ribonucleases and protect mRNA to promote rapid translation reactivation and cellular recovery after stress alleviation in Escherichia coli.

The characterization and manipulation of carbon nanotubes is of relevance for a range of nanotechnology applications, but usually requires electron microscopes. Here Zhang et al. evaporate nanoparticles on carbon nanotubes to make them visible even under an optical microscope.

CIGS is a high-resolution dataset comprising chemical perturbation-induced 319,045,108 gene expression events.

Alterations in myocardial mitochondrial metabolism following myocardial infarction (MI) lead to structural and functional abnormalities of the heart. Here, the author shows that inhibiting the palmitoylation of CD36 alleviates lipid metabolism disorders and mitochondrial dysfunction in cardiomyocytes post-MI.

Solution-processed perovskite photovoltaics hold promises for low-cost and lightweight power sources. Here, the authors utilize a marker pen as a fabrication tool to produce large-area, patternable, and cyclable film, and demonstrate flexible solar modules and power sources on flexible substrates.

Human guanylate kinase (GMPK) is the sole enzyme for GDP biosynthesis contributing to antiviral prodrug activation and tumorigenesis. Here, authors profile the ligand-specific conformations of human GMPK along with the reversible catalytic pathway.

Here Zhu et al. investigate the ontogeny of type 2 dendritic cells (DC2s) in mice. Using Klf4 expression to distinguish conventional DC precursors from plasmacytoid DCs, they identify two pre-DC2 populations with their development controlled by TCF4 and KLF4 that give rise to DC2A and DC2B cells.

Worldwide, the number of only-child families is increasing. This research examines how growing up without siblings affects adult brain structure, function and connectivity, cognition, personality and mental health.

A nanobody was identified that targets the N-terminal fragment of the adhesion G-protein-coupled receptor ADGRG2, allosterically enhances activation by the natural agonist dehydroepiandrosterone and restores signaling in mutant receptors.

Data-independent acquisition mass spectrometry (DIA-MS) has emerged as a key technology in quantitative proteomics. Here, the authors introduce DIA-BERT, a transformer model pre-trained on existing DIA datasets to enhance peptide identification and quantification.

Effectiveness of the hepatitis E vaccine HEV 239 amongst high-risk groups isn’t well studied. Here, Zhuang et al. analyse a decade of surveillance data (2007–2017) from Dongtai, China, and estimate HEV 239 effectiveness of 72% amongst hepatitis B virus infected people.

Comprehensive molecular characterisations could shed light on the high heterogeneity and poor prognosis of gliomas. Here, the authors perform proteomic profiling of 188 glioma patients, revealing immune and metabolic neuron-related subgroups as well as metabolic biomarkers linked to prognosis.

SFTS is an emerging tick-borne disease with high mortality rates caused by the SFTS virus. Here, the authors identify LRP1 as an entry factor for SFTSV, show that SFTSV glycoprotein Gn interacts with LRP1 and that blocking LRP1 reduces viral infection and improves survival in lethal mouse models.

Strong magnetic interfacial coupling in van der Waals heterostructures provides a new platform for discovering novel physics and effects. Here, the authors report the formation of skyrmion lattice in the WTe₂/Fe₃GeTe₂ van der Waals heterostructure and a Dzyaloshinskii–Moriya interaction with a large energy density of 1.0 mJm⁻².

The genomic epidemiology of Acinetobacter baumannii, which is rising in virulence and multidrug resistance, was explored. This study examined bloodstream infection isolates from Chinese patients in 2011–2021, revealing increased genetic diversity and dominance of highly virulent ST208.

Rhombohedral-stacked (R-stacked) transition metal dichalcogenide bilayers exhibit remarkable properties, but their large-area epitaxial growth remains challenging. Here, the authors report the remote epitaxy of centimetre-scale single-crystal R-stacked WS₂ bilayer films on sapphire substrates.

Although the hetero-Diels–Alder reaction is a staple of organic chemistry, catalytic asymmetric versions of the inverse-electron demand variant often require specially engineered substrates for the reaction to work. Here the authors cyclize non-activated alkenes with α,β-unsaturated ketones or aldehydes to form chiral fused heterocycles using a chiral phosphoric acid catalyst.

Nano-kirigami is a promising approach to transform 2D precursors into complex 3D architectures. Here, the authors report plastic, elastic, and hysteretic deformations of silicon-based nano-kirigami structures and demonstrate applications in dynamic optical information encryption.

Honeybee behavioral plasticity provides a model to study how brain gene networks regulate behavior. Here, authors show stripe activation in Kenyon cells links gene regulatory networks to behavioral maturation via spatial-cellular coordination.

Efficient hot electron extraction from plasmonic structures is often limited by interface quality. Here, the authors report that spinodal decomposition can produce coherent metal/semiconductor heterostructures that enable efficient hot electron transfer and broadband solar-driven hydrogen generation.

Socioeconomic status is multidimensional and can change over time. Xu, Lui, Ji et al. found dimension-specific, late-stage-specific and change-specific socioeconomic effects on brain, cognition, personality and emotion.

The exact mechanism for superconductivity in iron-based superconductors remains elusive, but is thought to involve complex interactions between many orbitals. Using angle-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy, Liuet al. report the electronic structure of the single-layer parent compound FeSe.

Schizophrenia exhibits significant variability in brain structures, traditionally viewed as static due to heterogeneous subgroups. Here the authors use magnetic resonance imaging data from 1,792 individuals with schizophrenia to reveal that gray matter volume variability is greater in early stages and decreases over time, highlighting dynamic brain alterations with implications for understanding disease progression.

Achieving low charge overpotential in Li-O₂ batteries is critical yet highly challenging. Here, the authors report an orbital reconstruction strategy to enhance the oxygen evolution reaction kinetics by employing PdCo nanosheets, improving charge kinetics and energy conversion efficiency.

Optical activity resulting from electronic transitions in chiral inorganic materials is rare. Liu et al. report the synthesis of amino acid-derived amphiphile templated chiral TiO₂fibres, which exhibit an optical response to polarized light resulting from valence to conduction band electronic transitions.

The mechanisms involved in the formation of the premetastatic niche in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) are not completely elucidated. Here, the authors show that matrix stiffness in HCC induces cancer-exosome release which increases glucose availability in the lung premetastatic niche favouring metastasis formation and growing.

Multiple computational methods have been developed to understand how mutations drive tumourigenesis, but their insights are largely non-overlapping. Here, the authors introduce NetFlow3D, a framework for integrating protein structure and interaction networks to map the mechanistic effects of somatic mutations in cancer.

Hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) is a green oxidant with diverse applications. Aided by a nickel phosphorus trisulfide nanosheet electrocatalyst, this work shows a sustainable synthetic route to produce H₂O₂ from seawater with high yield and impressive stability.

The dissatisfied delivery efficiency of drugs to lungs and other metastatic sites limit the corresponding therapeutic efficacy. Here this group reports an inhalable surfactant-based nanoliposome system to co-deliver Osimertinib and DNA plasmid which is capable of fusing into pulmonary surfactant, penetrating through physiological barriers and targeted accumulating in lung tissues.

Rapid detection of diverse biomarkers is crucial for public health. Here, the authors develop NAPTUNE, a versatile platform that identifies multiple nucleic acids and proteins targets within 45 minutes using a nuclease cascade.

Zhang and colleagues found that Omicron RBD binding to Siglec-9 impaired phagocytosis and antigen presentation in macrophages, an effect abrogated by an F375S mutation in the spike protein of Omicron.