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The authors propose and experimentally demonstrate a new route to passive super-resolution fluorescence microscopy inspired by quantum parameter estimation theory, which does not require sequential photoswitching of the fluorophores.

Fu and colleagues present LUNAR, a self-supervised neural-physics method that reconstructs 3D molecular positions and optical aberrations directly from raw microscopy data, enabling calibration-free super-resolution imaging in complex biological samples.

The study presents a label-free imaging method that simultaneously captures key molecular signals without scanning, enabling faster visualization of living cells and improving biochemical analysis for cancer diagnosis and treatment assessment.

The ability to observe and control proteins in living cells is essential for biological research and drug development. Here, the authors engineer the self-labelling protein tag BromoCatch, enabling selective covalent labelling of fused proteins with biotin, clickable, fluorogenic, and degrader probes for protein manipulation and multiplex cell imaging.

Using X-ray microtomography, Turrà and colleagues show that Fusarium oxysporum penetrates plant roots via appressoria-like structures through mechanical force. Three MAPK pathways govern force generation, osmoadaptation, and vascular  bundle reach.

Researchers present a low-cost, modular fluorescence microscope built entirely from commercial parts for research and education. Demonstrations include muscle dynamics in Drosophila larvae, stride analysis of tardigrades, and predator-prey dynamics.

Whole-brain calcium imaging during pitch-axis vestibular stimulation in larval zebrafish reveals directionally biased neuronal responses and differences from roll-tilt processing, providing a framework to study vertebrate postural control.

Digital defocus aberration interference, a physics-based defocus detection method, enables fast, reliable autofocus for thin and thick samples and improves digital refocusing for automated, high-throughput optical microscopy.

Nanocrystalline materials exhibit unique mechanical behaviors, yet the impact of elastic strain concentrations due to mechanical anisotropy or dislocation pile-ups is not fully understood. Here, the authors utilize precession nanobeam electron diffraction and advanced algorithms to map transient elastic strain fields, revealing significant grain rotations and the influence of initial microstructural states on deformation.

Researchers introduce 4Pi-BRAINSPOT, an interferometric single-molecule imaging method enabling sub-15-nm 3D imaging of protein distributions in 50-μm mouse brain slices, revealing nanoscale dendritic spine organization and morphology.

The authors develop RO-iSCAT, which uses rotational integration of off-axis oblique-illuminated interference scattering signals to remove speckle noise in real time. It enables fast, label-free imaging of axial spatiotemporal dynamics of tubular membrane protrusions.

Researchers apply in situ 3D electron diffraction to LaTaO₄ nanocrystals during heating, allowing atomic-level structural determination through three phase transitions while providing insights into intermediate phases and structural modulation.

The authors demonstrate a non-contact approach for detecting nanoscale hot electrons by sensing thermal Casimir forces, enabling direct operando mapping of nonequilibrium hot-electron distributions in semiconductor nanodevices.

Atomic force microscope reveals the structures of individual organic molecules from asteroid Ryugu, uncovering unexpectedly large and highly complex polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and potentially providing insights into the origin of organic matter in the early Solar System.

This PrimeView highlights the key steps for reconstructing a super-resolution image from single-molecule localization data.

How magnetic impurities influence superconductivity and electronic order in kagome metals remains unclear. Now anisotropic Kondo resonances intertwined with the superconducting gap are observed in a magnetically doped kagome superconductor.

A pinhole-engineered differential confocal method improves resolution and optical sectioning, enabling simple super-resolution FLIM with enhanced lifetime-based multiplexing for high-resolution biological imaging.

Electron-beam control enables deterministic placement of tens of thousands of atomic defects in three-dimensional crystals, creating stable, programmable artificial matter for scalable quantum and nanoscale technologies.

An electron linear dichroism method uses electron energy loss spectroscopy with an atomic-sized probe and momentum transfer selection along two orthogonal directions to resolve orbital occupation at individual atomic columns in real space.

Cells use fluid flow to deliver proteins to their leading edge. An actin barrier creates a compartment where contraction drives flow, steering proteins toward growing regions. This mechanism coordinates protein distribution with cell shape changes.

Chromatin dynamics govern search times between DNA elements. Using integrated MINFLUX imaging, Mazzocca, Narducci, Grosse-Holz and colleagues track chromatin dynamics over seven orders of magnitude in time, revealing two dynamics classes and providing bounds on search times.

FILM is a mid-infrared photothermal microscopy variant that involves optical boxcar demodulation-based illumination, denoising and spectral deconvolution. Its relatively gentle nature allows imaging of metabolic processes in organelles in cell culture as well as in Caenorhabditis elegans.

The authors developed a specialized objective lens that corrects GRIN lens aberrations, enabling in vivo, large–field-of-view, two-photon volumetric calcium imaging of more than 1,000 neurons deep within mouse brains.

Quantum twisting microscopy is used to directly image the interacting energy bands of magic-angle twisted bilayer graphene, allowing characterization of the dual nature of its electrons at the magic angle.

3Snet-CLID integrates signal-preserving deep learning denoising with direct Richardson–Lucy deconvolution to achieve over 5-fold resolution improvement on standard microscopes, enabling artifact-free nanoscale imaging of live-cell organelles and structures.

A self-localized, ultrafast pencil beam can be readily introduced into multiphoton microscopes and applied for near-diffraction-limited, high-throughput volumetric imaging in intact tissues and in vitro models.

Single-molecule localization and diffusivity microscopy (SMLDM) integrates deep learning with diffusion theory and super-resolution imaging to extract single-molecule diffusivity and localization information from single-molecule snapshots, generating insights into dynamic biological processes such as chromatin activity, focal adhesions, GPCR drug response and phase separation.

A majority methylammonium and iodine edge termination is observed by electron ptychography in the perovskite methylammonium lead iodide, and the stability of its edges and internal defects depends on the concentration and type of vacancies present.

This article presents a method capable of imaging the 3D orientation and lateral positions of fluorescent single-molecule labels in cells. It is applied to the 3D organization of actin filaments within complex, densely packed cellular networks.

Live molecular-scale imaging in fly embryos shows that a single RNA Polymerase II cluster stays bound to active genes during transcription. Cluster formation requires initiation, and intensity represents the number of engaged polymerases at a gene.

Intravital imaging is improved by applying deep learning to wave-optics modeling.

Banerjee, Anand, and colleagues present an expanded speed-optimized DNA-PAINT sequence repertoire. This repertoire allows for improved multiplexing capability in super-resolution imaging, maintaining 3-5 nm precision, and is used to image DNA origami structures and diverse nuclear targets in human cells.

Genomic and microscopy evidence shows that the Bacillaceae, assumed to only stain Gram-positive, actually have some lineages staining Gram-negative, yet unexpectedly maintaining a thick wall and no outer membrane, challenging Gram staining assumptions.

Each valley of the mini-Brillouin zone ("mini valley") of twisted bilayer graphene (TBG) contains two Dirac cones that hybridize to form flat bands. Theory predicts that these two Dirac cones have the same chirality, leading to topological obstruction. Here, the authors confirm this prediction experimentally.

Understanding dynamic heterogeneity in hydrogen evolution electrocatalysts is essential but difficult with limited spatio-temporal resolution. Here the authors use interferometric electro-optical microscopy to achieve nanometre–millisecond imaging of hydrogen evolution activity on MoS₂.

The authors present a computational adaptive optics framework for multiphoton structured illumination microscopy, enabling deep-tissue super-resolution imaging with minimal hardware modifications. Their dual deconvolution algorithm independently corrects excitation and emission aberrations, and they achieve a lateral resolution one-fourth of the emission wavelength at a depth of 180 µm in mouse brain tissue.

The genetically encoded voltage indicators JEDI3sub and JEDI3hyp enhance monitoring of subthreshold neuronal activity in the awake mouse brain using a variety of two-photon microscopy techniques.

Conserved 50-200 nm chromatin domains add a new layer to genome organization beyond loops. This Review integrates imaging and biophysics to show how epigenetic activity and transcription shape these domains to regulate cell identity.

Communication between distant brain regions is mediated by plastic networks of gap junction-coupled astrocytes.

Imaging neural activity across large volumes at subcellular resolution in freely behaving animals remains challenging. Here, a miniature Bessel-beam two-photon microscope enables volumetric calcium imaging of 1,000+ neurons in freely moving mice.

The authors develop a high-speed remote focusing method for volumetric voltage imaging enabling imaging at 500 volumes/s. This is combined with light sheet microscopy to record data from >100 spontaneously active neurons in parallel.

CenSpark is a dual-ligand fluorescent probe binding simultaneously inner and outer microtubule sites, a configuration unique to doublet and triplet microtubules, enabling selective live imaging of centrioles and cilia across species.

This paper presents an active pixel power control (APPC) to minimize crosstalk in all-optical neural interrogation. Tested in vivo, APPC suppresses optogenetic artifacts while preserving Ca2+ imaging quality, enabling precise neural circuit analysis.

Fluorescence microscopy during CryoFIB milling produces an interferogram that can be used to direct lamella production to labeled structures with accuracy beyond the axial diffraction limit. The approach relies only on real-time feedback from the structure, requiring no image registration.

Single-molecule 4Pi microscopy is simplified and made accessible by using a single objective.

Chemical dehydration of human brain specimens by 2,2-dimethoxypropane facilitates rapid tissue clearing of large human brain specimens, allowing light sheet microscopy and volumetric reconstruction of regions such as the intact hippocampus.

Unique remodeling of elastin and collagen fibers in extracellular matrix along lung tumorigenesis is resolved with label-free multiphoton microscopy and a quantitative measure termed resemblance metric.

Encoding polarization information using multiplexed off-axis holography yields a scheme for performing ultrafast chiroptical microscopy.

Kraus et al. report correlative real- and reciprocal-space analysis using 3D electron diffraction in a single transmission electron microscope. The technique reveals molecular texture, mosaicity, and the direct correlation between molecular packing and nanomorphology in archetypal organic blend films.