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By combining satellite observations with ground-based data and expert validation, this analysis demonstrates considerable misestimation of grassland extent and thereby carbon stock estimates in previous global assessments based on remote sensing.

Phosphorylation-dephosphorylation and ubiquitination tune TCR signaling to avoid self-reactivity. Kim and colleagues show that acetylation also modulates TCR signaling.

This study examines long-term changes in species richness across tropical forests in the Andes and Amazon. Hotter, drier and more seasonal forests in the eastern and southern Amazon are losing species, while Northern Andean forests are accumulating species, acting as a refuge for climate-displaced species.

Analyzing data of the Mexican Biobank project, a new study finds regional differences in clinically relevant genetic frequencies and presents MexVar, a publicly accessible resource designed to support ancestry-informed genetic testing.

Studying many-body quantum chaos on current quantum hardware is hindered by noise and limited scalability. Now it is shown that a superconducting processor, combined with error mitigation, can accurately simulate dual-unitary circuit dynamics.

Identifying jets originating from heavy quarks plays a fundamental role in hadronic collider experiments. In this work, the ATLAS Collaboration describes and tests a transformer-based neural network architecture for jet flavour tagging based on low-level input and physics-inspired constraints.

Understanding collective behaviour is an important aspect of managing the pandemic response. Here the authors show in a large global study that participants that reported identifying more strongly with their nation reported greater engagement in public health behaviours and support for public health policies in the context of the pandemic.

Atomic force microscopy is used to investigate the adsorption and organization of ions on charged surfaces. Trivalent ions adopt complex networks, clusters and layers associated with overcharging, whereas divalent ions follow classical predictions.

A large sulfur-bearing carbon ring molecule has been detected in space, 2,5-cyclohexadien-1-thione, using laboratory spectroscopy and a radio telescope. Found near the Galactic Centre, it opens the door to a new family of interstellar molecules.

Kinematic measurements of the Perseus galaxy cluster reveal two drivers of gas motions: a small-scale driver in the inner core associated with black-hole feedback and a large-scale driver in the outer core powered by mergers.

High near-surface nitrogen-fixation rates that promoted the recent growth of the Great Atlantic Sargassum Belt were tied to greater upwelling of phosphorus from the equatorial Atlantic, according to coral-bound nitrogen isotope records from the Caribbean.

Active galactic nuclei are surrounded by a dusty and molecular disk that fuels supermassive black holes and connects them to their host galaxies. Here, the authors show with JWST interferometric observations that most of the dust in the Circinus galaxies lies in a compact disk, while only a tiny fraction traces hot outflowing material.

The ALICE Collaboration provides details on the microscopic mechanism that ends up creating antideuteron in high-energy proton–proton collisions at the Large Hadron Collider.

Grazing affects plant diversity, but plant diversity in turn may modulate the effect of grazing on the plant community. This global analysis explores the association between plant species richness and plant cover resistance to grazing intensity in drylands.

A nine-year transit-timing campaign has measured the extremely low masses and densities of four large planets orbiting the young star V1298 Tau, which are now predicted to contract and form a typical compact super-Earth and sub-Neptune system.

The CMS Collaboration reports the measurement of the spin, parity, and charge conjugation properties of all-charm tetraquarks, exotic fleeting particles formed in proton–proton collisions at the Large Hadron Collider.

Cellular Z-RNAs generated during active virus infections are bona fide ZBP1 ligands, and position ZBP1-activated cell death as a host response to counter viral disruption of the cellular transcriptional machinery.

Matthieu Reymond and colleagues show that natural genetic variants at the SRF3 locus underlie genetic incompatibilities between European and central Asian accessions of Arabidopsis.

Alström syndrome (AöS) is a rare genetic disorder characterized by metabolic problems. Here, the authors show that in AöS models, defects in cilia and autophagy lead to ACBP accumulation, which drives obesity. An anti-ACBP antibody reduces weight gain and metabolic dysfunction, highlighting ACBP as a therapeutic target for this ciliopathy.

An analysis of 24,202 critical cases of COVID-19 identifies potentially druggable targets in inflammatory signalling (JAK1), monocyte–macrophage activation and endothelial permeability (PDE4A), immunometabolism (SLC2A5 and AK5), and host factors required for viral entry and replication (TMPRSS2 and RAB2A).

Analysis of the 3D chromatin architecture and cis-regulatory elements in a sea urchin and a sea star reveals mechanisms of 3D chromatin organization in echinoderms and the long-term evolutionary dynamics of cis-regulatory elements in animals.

Standard of care in patients with unresectable stage III non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is concurrent chemo-radiotherapy followed by immunotherapy. Here, the authors report a phase II trial investigating induction chemo-immunotherapy (atezolizumab, carboplatin and paclitaxel) followed by concurrent chemoradiotherapy and immunotherapy maintenance in patients with stage III NSCLC.

Class switch recombination (CSR) is a process contributing to antibody diversity and generating characteristic genomic junctions that reflect DNA double-strand break repair efficiency. Here authors present a platform to profile the repertoire of CSR junction patterns; long-read-sequenced PCR products from blood-derived lymphocytes are analysed by a dedicated bioinformatic pipeline to accurately detect immunodeficiencies and DNA repair defects.

Here, the authors provide evidence of the biotherapeutic potential of Klebsiella ARO112 for gut inflammatory conditions by showing it accelerates pathobiont clearance and recovery of microbiota diversity, boosting intestinal butyrate, and preventing inflammation and colitis in IBD models.

In this work, authors present an AI framework to detect pediatric tuberculosis by using both frontal and lateral chest X-rays, showing robust performance across several age groups and settings.

A galvanic strategy enables the intercalation of diverse molecular cations into bulk and few-layer van der Waals crystals under mild conditions, yielding 50 organic–inorganic superlattices. This method enables the definition of vertical and lateral intercalation heterostructures, opening avenues for the device integration of hybrid quantum materials.

Authors show that single-molecule mapping of sugar–receptor interactions on immune cells uncovers strong subcellular variation linked to receptor function.

Using circularly polarized inelastic X-ray scattering, the authors map spin-wave (magnon) excitations in the altermagnet CrSb and detect a reversible chiral signal for the first time, establishing a practical method to probe altermagnetic magnons.

Here the authors show that mitochondrial RNA leaks into the cytosol of senescent cells through sublethal apoptosis, driving inflammation. Blocking this pathway improves outcomes in Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatohepatitis.

PU.1^low CD28-expressing microglia may act as suppressive cells in Alzheimer’s disease, mitigating its progression by reducing neuroinflammation and amyloid plaque load, indicating potential immunotherapeutic approaches for treatment.

How cells respond to replication-derived DNA damage that is carried over into mitosis is not well understood. Here, the authors show that CIP2A with TOPBP1 mediates the mitotic recruitment of the SLX4/MUS81/XPF nuclease complex to replication stress-induced DNA lesions to maintain genome integrity.

As a student, Alex Kachkine can only afford damaged art in need of repair. Here’s how they turned their conservation work into a science.

The predicted increase in frequency of droughts and rising temperatures in Europe will lead core populations of a temperate plant to an evolutionary dead-end unless they acquire genetic alleles that are present only in extreme edge Mediterranean, Scandinavian, or Siberian populations.

The authors synthesize bee assemblage data from 681 crop fields across three continents, finding that local pesticide hazards and decreasing adjacent semi-natural habitats both negatively affected wild bee abundance and species richness in crop fields, while pesticides also reduced functional diversity.

Bartonella bacilliformis, a bacterium endemic in South America, causes the deadly Oroya fever, marked by massive red blood damage. This study identifies that porin A and α/β-hydrolase are important bacterial proteins in driving this hemolytic process.

Known genetic loci account for only a fraction of the genetic contribution to Alzheimer’s disease. Here, the authors have performed a large genome-wide meta-analysis comprising 409,435 individuals to discover 6 new loci and demonstrate the efficacy of an Alzheimer’s disease polygenic risk score.

Measurements of carbon fluxes and wood phenology are used to assess carbon sources from photosynthesis and their sink into woody growth along a thermal gradient. The authors show that stem growth advances slower than photosynthesis per degree Celsius, creating a phenological mismatch for carbon.

Here the authors apply machine learning approaches to Alzheimer’s genetics, confirm known associations and suggest novel risk loci. These methods demonstrate predictive power comparable to traditional approaches, while also offering potential new insights beyond standard genetic analyses.

Anti-FXN nanobodies (NBs) stabilize FRDA FXN variants in vitro. High-resolution structures of NB-FXN complexes were determined. NBs expressed in human cells localize to the mitochondrial matrix and interact with FXN without disrupting cell metabolism.

Surface acoustic waves have previously been used, in conjunction with electric currents and assisting magnetic fields, to manipulate magnetization. Here, Rivelles, Yanes, and coauthors succeed in driving magnetic domain walls solely with surface acoustic waves, an important milestone in acoustically controlled spintronic devices.’

Vinyl carbocations have a long history in chemistry, but they have received less attention compared to the more common sp²-hybridized trivalent carbocations and synthetic applications of these intermediates are still limited. Herein, the authors report an unexpected formal reductive Friedel-Crafts reaction, enabled by HFIP solvent and a hydride source, that transforms alkynol derivatives via a vinyl cation cyclization into bicyclo[3.3.1]nonane derivatives.

The advantage of living in cities compared with rural areas with respect to height and BMI in children and adolescents has generally become smaller globally from 1990 to 2020, except in sub-Saharan Africa.

A meta-analysis of 168 studies reveals that economic inequality is not significantly associated with subjective well-being or mental health.

An analysis of cell-type diversity in brain samples from a variety of mammalian species, both during development and in adult animals, reveals that the TAC3 initial class of striatal interneurons is conserved across placental mammals and is homologous to Th striatal interneurons in rodents.