Search

Deep brain stimulation tuned to cue-reactivity within the nucleus accumbens region reduced drug cravings, heralding an evocation-based programming strategy for opioid use disorder.

Tan and colleagues present “cycling molecular assemblies” that borrow cellular lipidation machinery to build nanostructures inside the Golgi apparatus. These tools enable rapid organelle imaging and selective destruction of cancer cells.

Here the authors present NCATS-SM0225, a small molecule that inhibits ERAD and selectively kills cancer cells by binding VDACs, disrupting calcium homeostasis, and triggering the PERK-STIM1 pathway to degrade ERAD regulators.

MedHELM, an extensible evaluation framework including a new taxonomy for classifying medical tasks and a benchmark of many datasets across these categories, enables the evaluation of large language models on real-world clinical tasks.

Floquet engineering is often limited by weak light–matter coupling and heating. Now it is shown that exciton-driven fields in monolayer semiconductors produce stronger, longer-lived Floquet effects and reveal hybridization linked to excitonic phases.

Biocompatible macroporous hydrogen-bonded organic frameworks (HOFs) of high crystallinity are promising for biomedical applications, but their fabrication is difficult. Here, the authors synthesize highly ordered macroporous HOFs in single-crystal form via a template method, using small biocompatible molecular building blocks with multiple hydrogen donor/acceptor sites and extensive π-conjugation.

Wastewater treatment plants harbour extensive but poorly characterized microbial genetic diversity. Using 828 metagenomes from wastewater treatement plants globally, this study reconstructs >24,000 metagenome-assembled genomes, including >12,000 new species, providing a genome-resolved framework for understanding and engineering activated sludge functions.

Estimates from the Global Burden of Disease study reveal declines in chronic respiratory disease mortality between 1990 and 2023—especially during the COVID-19 pandemic—but the burdens on people affected remain substantial.

Pyramidal neuron-driven mechanisms actively promote the survival and terminal differentiation of their associated interneuron subtypes.

Addressing how the nitrogen-induced changes in plant diversity differ from those in soil organisms is critical. This global meta-analysis suggests that nitrogen enrichment has stronger negative effects on plant diversity but modest to negligible effects on soil bacterial and fungal diversity.

Leaf coloration is found later than photosynthetic cessation in autumn across northern ecosystems, and the discrepancy grows from 2001 to 2021, which is primarily due to earlier starts of growing seasons and autumn warming, as revealed by remote sensing and climate data

Identifying jets originating from heavy quarks plays a fundamental role in hadronic collider experiments. In this work, the ATLAS Collaboration describes and tests a transformer-based neural network architecture for jet flavour tagging based on low-level input and physics-inspired constraints.

Adaptive microwave surfaces can dynamically adjust their electromagnetic transmission to meet specific needs, being potentially useful in reconfigurable communication systems. Here, the authors use temperature induced break and reconstruction of hydrogen bonds to drive the orientational motion and charge mobility of an ionic liquid in a polymer leading to the controllable modulation of dielectric properties at microwave frequencies.

EmbedTAD applies Graph Embedding and Unsupervised Learning to discover TADs and demonstrates outstanding use cases in PLAC-seq and T-cell data, as well as remarkable computational and biological validation scores.

Liu et al. report Chinese normative lifespan brain charts showing later neurodevelopmental milestones than those detected in Western cohorts. Individual deviations from these norms are valuable in assessing clinical risk and outcomes.

This study presents a scalable and sustainable electro-membrane crystallization-assisted general recycling technology that efficiently recovers high-purity lithium, manganese, nickel, and cobalt from spent lithium-ion batteries.

Cutaneous tuberculosis is an infectious disease associated with extracellular matrix remodeling and granuloma-driven fibrosis. Here, the authors present an in vitro model of this disease using skin organoids infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis, and describe infection-induced alterations in specific pathways and cell populations.

This work proposes a wet-chemical etching assisted aberration-enhanced single-pulsed femtosecond laser nanolithography, named “WEALTH”, for manufacturing small-size, large-area, deep holey nanostructures, promising for emerging nanophotonic devices.

Subduction of sediment, derived from weathered continental crust, can enrich the mantle in critical metals and volatiles. Melting of such enriched mantle produces alkaline magmas that may form major rare-earth deposits.

Previous studies have implicated interleukin-24 (IL-24) in neutrophilic asthma. Here the authors show the function of IL-24 release from eosinophils in eosinophilic asthma in mouse models of asthma and that IL-24 promotes eosinophil recruitment to the lungs and is involved in disruption of epithelial barrier integrity.

The active site of RNA Polymerase II is highly conserved. Here the authors show that mutations can propagate effects across the enzyme and alter genetic behavior of distal residues, demonstrating plasticity for residue function beyond conservation.

Tracking the success rate of clinical drug development is key for pharmaceutical and economic decision making. Here, the authors establish a strategy enabling dynamic measurement of the success rate using public data and generate an online platform.

Whilst neutron scattering is a powerful tool for studying spin fluctuations in materials, its availability is limited to large-scale user facilities. Here, the authors demonstrate how the pumping of pure spin currents can be used as a desktop probe to detect an antiferromagnetic transition.

Mid-infrared 2 μm InAs/InP quantum-dot lasers is first demonstrated, with a low threshold current density of 118 A cm⁻² per layer and a maximum operating temperature of 50 °C.

Here the authors report NiGa₂O_4–x(OH)_y for light-driven CO₂ hydrogenation to methanol. The surface Lewis acid–base pairs and -OH groups act as conduits for H^- /H⁺ transport to active sites, enhancing photocatalytic methanol production.

Climate warming is projected to expand plant phosphorus limitation from 47% to 59% of global silicate rock areas. However, phosphorus release from accelerated chemical weathering of these rocks offsets about 15.5% of this increase.

Optically generated microwaves offer exceptionally low noise, crucial for radar and communications. Here, authors demonstrate a compact photonic chip-based interleaver multiplying pulse rates of mode-locked lasers to 14 GHz, significantly enhancing microwave power and reducing phase noise.

The authors report that, in mice without hepatic insulin signaling, diets high in fructose cause acute hepatic steatosis without increasing hepatic de novo lipogenesis, dependent upon hepatic follistatin secretion and associated adipose insulin resistance.

In this study, authors evaluate mass tuberculosis (TB) screening data from 183,808 elderly individuals in China, finding that abnormal chest X-rays significantly increase TB risk.

The aetiological and epidemiological landscapes of chronic kidney disease and acute kidney injury are influenced by non-medical factors, known as the social determinants of health (SDH). This Review describes how SDH shape the landscape of kidney diseases, using case studies to explore how these factors, including those associated with urbanization, can alter the aetiology and epidemiology of kidney disease.

Immune checkpoint inhibitors have shown promise in tumour immunotherapy but resistance has been seen. Here using pre-treatment hepatocellular carcinoma patient biopsies from patients scheduled for immunotherapy, the authors implicate BCL9 and show that a BCL9-targeting peptide promotes anti-tumour immunity in mouse models through targeting macrophages and promoting anti-tumour T cell responses.

Three-dimensional genome organization is crucial for the recombination and transcription of immunoglobulin heavy chain (Igh) genes. Here, the authors elucidate how regulatory elements in the 3′Igh domain influence chromatin structure and stripe formation.

A map of mouse development from conception to birth tracks 12.4 million cells at single-cell resolution as they mature into organs and other tissues.

Functional material design can be enhanced by taking inspiration from nature. This Primer describes how micropatterns inspired by the natural world can be designed, fabricated and used to solve technical challenges.

CytoTRACE 2 is an interpretable deep learning framework that leverages single-cell RNA sequencing data to predict absolute developmental potential across datasets.

A two-dimensional van der Waals material, NbOCl₂, that simultaneously exhibits near-unity linear dichroism (~99%) over 100 nm bandwidth in ultraviolet regime and large birefringence (0.26–0.46) within a wide visible–near-infrared transparency window is reported.

A previously unsampled deep lineage in central Argentina was discovered that had distinctive genetic drift by 8,500 bp and persisted as the main Native American ancestry component in the region up to the present day.

Foamy macrophages are key to atherosclerosis but poorly understood. Here, the authors show that GPNMB regulates lipoprotein processing in macrophages, exacerbating pathological lipid accumulation, and revealing it as a therapeutic target whose inhibition reduces atherosclerosis in mice.

By carefully dispersing small amounts of Ir into the RuO₂ lattice, a Ru₆IrOₓ catalyst reduces Ir usage by 80% while still running stably for over 1,500 h at 2 A cm⁻² in both laboratory- and industrial-scale proton-exchange membrane water electrolysers.

A recombinant adeno-associated virus system for restricted gene expression in brain endothelial cells enables cerebrovascular disease modelling.

Quality control for epigenomic datasets requires robust ground truths. Here, authors generate genome-wide quantitative methylation reference datasets from the publicly available Quartet DNA reference materials, which could serve as a resource for the standardised benchmarking of emerging technologies.

High-resolution ALMA observations reveal a gravitationally bound septuple protostar system in NGC 6334IN, formed through disk fragmentation. This discovery sheds light on the formation of extreme high-order multiplicity in massive stellar clusters.