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This paper uses a multi-region model to show that single-region models used by thousands of companies to estimate CO2 emissions related to goods they purchase may drastically underestimate and misidentify the largest sources of upstream emissions.

Chan and colleagues report that tumor ecosystem and microbiome features are associated with response to anti-PD-L1 avelumab plus chemoradiotherapy in patients with locally advanced head and neck cancer.

Despite recent advances with trappedion-based platforms, achieving quantum networks with link efficiency greater than unity on metropolitan scales is still a challenge. Here, the authors demonstrate a multiplexed quantum network generating heralded entanglement at a rate faster than local decoherence.

The West Antarctic Ice Sheet responded to different natural forcing mechanisms than the East Antarctic Ice Sheet through the mid-Pliocene due to a greater sensitivity to oceanic feedbacks, according to iceberg-rafted debris records and ice-sheet modelling experiments.

Nucleoside triphosphates (NTPs) are important building blocks that underpin emerging enzymatic approaches to RNA therapeutics manufacturing. Here, authors develop a biocatalytic strategy to convert nucleosides into NTPs containing clinically relevant modifications, using simple phosphate donors.

A scanning single-electron transistor is used to probe the strain dependence of moiré and supermoiré domains. It is observed that these can be considered nearly independent of each other.

RNAi therapy has huge potential but effective delivery to target location is a major issue. Here, the authors report on the delivery of RNAi to tumors using self-agglomerating nanohydrogels that can overcome the different delivery barriers and supply multiple RNAi payloads.

Actionable goals are needed to guide the world towards what needs to happen most quickly: shifting economies to clean energy sources.

The effect of new viral mutations on T cell responses remains unclear. Here, Balogh et al. show that most new mutations in SARS-CoV-2 are C > U, a bias that leads to an enhanced T cell response.

The oncogenic potential of interfollicular stem and progenitor cells in cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) remains poorly understood. Here, the authors modelled rapidly growing cSCC driven by the hyperactivation of the MAPK signalling pathway in mice and showed that SOX2 overexpression renders progenitor cells prone to transformation.

The Authors assess systemic risks in global trade by modelling disruptions at maritime chokepoints. They estimate USD192 billion of exposed trade and USD10.7 billion in economic losses, emphasizing the urgent need to safeguard strategic passages.

This protocol details in vitro and in vivo approaches for labeling tumor cells with secreted luciferases to enable precise, longitudinal monitoring of tumor growth in mice, through the analysis of small blood samples.

Even when neocortical neurons form in abnormal locations, they retain their identity and function, revealing that brain circuit formation can be guided by intrinsic developmental programs rather than physical position.

Nitrate contamination in water poses environmental and health risks. Here, authors design alkylated polyaniline polymers that selectively capture nitrate over chloride, improving removal efficiency and reducing costs in wastewater treatment.

A robust multiscale modeling framework is developed to identify deep-level defects in irradiated semiconductors. The model allows both unambiguous nonequilibrium defect identification and exact deep-level transient spectroscopy (DLTS) simulation.

The authors study gate-defined Josephson junctions in four-layer twisted graphene. Field-dependent measurements of the critical current show a Fraunhofer-like pattern with sudden shifts, which they attribute to vortices jumping into and out of the superconducting leads.

Signalosomes amplify cellular responses, but how they avoid uncontrolled activation is unclear. The authors use quantitative super-resolution imaging and mathematical modeling to reveal optimal RIP3:RIP1 ratios that ensure precise cell death signaling.

Tree longevity is thought to increase in harsh environments, but global evidence of drivers is lacking. Here, the authors find two different pathways for tree longevity: slow growth in resource limited environments and increasing tree stature and/or slow growth in competitive environments.

Combining high-resolution mapping of foliar and herbivore faecal sodium concentrations across Africa, the authors show that plant-derived sodium availability constrains megaherbivore densities at a continental scale.

Laser-induced conversion electron Mössbauer spectroscopy, which detects electrons emitted by ²²⁹Th nuclei in a thin ThO₂ sample excited by vacuum ultraviolet light, is demonstrated, opening the possibility of a conversion-electron-based nuclear clock.

A simple transport model infers a material’s electronic dimensionality from standard transport measurements, revealing temperature-, doping- and alloying-driven shifts between low-dimensional and 3D transport in SrTiO₃, Bi₂O₂Se and Pb_1-xSn_xTe.

Long-read sequencing enables high-quality genome assemblies, but challenges remain. Here, the authors introduce Cornetto, a method that improves assembly quality, enables genome sequencing from saliva, and accurately resolves medically-relevant repetitive genes.

The fetal globin gene repressors BCL11A and ZBTB7A directly bind γ-globin gene promoter regions. Repressor binding is disrupted by naturally occurring point mutations located upstream of the transcriptional start site that are associated with hereditary persistence of fetal hemoglobin.

GPSeq is a genome-wide method for probing the radial organization of the genome in cells or nuclei by progressive in situ digestion of chromatin with a restriction enzyme diffusing inward from the periphery followed by high-throughput sequencing.

The authors present a federated learning framework for battery fault detection in electric vehicles using charging station data. It enables privacy-preserving collaboration among data owners, creating customized models that improve fault detection accuracy and generalization across diverse data distributions.

The complement system depends on C3 cleavage that is critical to all three activation pathways, but currently structural data is lacking. Here authors present cryo-EM structures revealing a charge switch-over mechanism.

This study shows that TE, an inferotemporal (IT) cortex subregion, displays stronger neural plasticity than TEO, another IT subregion, during learning of a challenging visual categorization task in primates, to which both areas contribute.

Using Mendelian randomization, no causal links were found between estradiol exposure and brain age gap, Alzheimer’s disease and depression in females. The pattern was consistent for estradiol levels in pre- and postmenopausal samples and males.

Multidrug efflux pumps help bacteria survive stress and promote antibiotic resistance. Here, authors define the molecular detail of an anaerobic-connected pump MdtF uncovering acid-responsive activity which may enable toxin control in certain niches.

Spiropyran and merocyanine systems are useful due to the photoswitching properties, but do have some limitations. Here, the authors report pyridine-substituted merocyanines as photochromic compounds, with a photoinitiated C-N bond formation.

A study using English electronic health records from millions of people with atopic eczema provides an evidence resource covering the full spectrum of associated comorbidity, providing a big picture overview as well as results for each individual outcome.

This study shows how SARS-CoV-2 fusion peptides assemble and reshape membranes, revealing cooperative mechanisms that lower barriers to viral entry and offering principles for designing antiviral and membrane-responsive nanomaterials.

Rapid pH changes can trigger hollow vacuoles in associative condensates of pH-responsive biomolecules. Using a model enzyme–polymer system, how larger droplets and faster pH changes promote vacuole formation by creating unstable non-equilibrium compositions is shown. A physics-based model reproduces these observations, showing when and how vacuoles arise through spinodal decomposition.

Glioblastoma is characterised by high levels of intratumoural heterogeneity and plasticity, hindering treatment. Here, the authors develop an analytical framework, scFOCAL, to predict the sensitivity of glioblastoma cell subpopulations to therapies based on reversal of disease transcriptional signatures to identify synergistic therapeutic combinations.

Laser shock experiments on an iron-water phase reveal its density, melting, and electronic changes under extreme pressures. The results suggest dense deep magma oceans and show that iron-water reactions can greatly shrink and densify super-Earths.

The authors present MorphoGenie, an unsupervised model that profiles cell shapes to predict cellular heterogeneity without manual labels. It provides a scalable, interpretable, and generalizable approach for data-driven exploration of cellular heterogeneity across diverse imaging modalities.

High-pressure-temperature experiments that explore the impact of carbon and silicon on the plastic deformation of hexagonal close-packed iron suggest depth-dependent elastic anisotropy in Earth’s inner core may originate from chemical stratification

Drug combination discovery remains slow and challenging. Here, the authors introduce Combocat, an open-source framework that combines acoustic liquid handling protocols with machine learning to achieve ultrahigh-throughput drug combination screening; as proof of concept, they use Combocat to screen 9,045 drug combinations in a neuroblastoma cell line.

The majority of incident HIV infections in Eastern and Southern Africa occur in the general population. Here, the authors harmonise data from eight open population-based cohort studies from six countries and describe individual and community-level risk factors for HIV acquisition.

In the phase 1/2 CASTLE basket trial, autologous CD19 CAR-T cell therapy in patients with treatment-refractory systemic lupus erythematosus, systemic sclerosis or idiopathic inflammatory myopathy was safe, with improved disease activity and patient-reported global health in most patients.

Ribosomes convert chemical energy to mechanical work. Here, the authors monitor ribosome binding to the GTPase EF-G and the ensuing mechanical work on mRNA in real time, uncovering a major energetic contribution from EF-G binding, rather than GTP hydrolysis, to the mechanical work.

Here, the authors effect a B(sp²)-to-B(sp³) transformation strategy for the enantioselective synthesis of tetracoordinate boron molecules by leveraging the inherent structural features of commonly used boron compounds.

An annotation-free vision–language model based on contrastive learning performs pathology localization and clinical diagnosis on a wide variety of medical image datasets.

In forests, trait expression is influenced by tree-tree interactions. Castro Sánchez-Bermejo et al. show how phenotypic variability of tree species decreases with tree diversity and contributes importantly to functional diversity in forests.

The existing ENCODE registry of candidate human and mouse cis-regulatory elements is expanded with the addition of new ENCODE data, integrating new functional data as well as new cell and tissue types.

Pulmonary type 2 inflammation is associated with type 2 innate lymphoid cells. Here the authors use the Collaborative Cross mouse panel to show that ILC2 abundance during type 2 lung inflammation is different across the panel and identify free-fatty acid receptor 3 (Ffar3) as a gene responsible and show cytokine and ILC2 functional changes.

Formate produced by synthetic methylotrophic E. coli can lead to carbon loss and negatively impact bioproduction efficiency. Here, the authors report the production of formate as a widespread property of NAD-dependent methanol dehydrogenases and identify Mdhs without this overoxidation activity.

Hutchinson-Gilford Progeria Syndrome is characterized by premature aging with cardiovascular disease being the main cause of death. Here the authors show that inhibition of the NAT10 enzyme enhances cardiac function and fitness, and reduces age-related phenotypes in a mouse model of premature aging.