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Global Burden of Disease analysis found that in 2023, suboptimal diet was estimated to be responsible for 4 million deaths and 97 million morbidity burdens from ischemic heart disease.

CBP phosphorylation keeps intestinal homeostasis by restraining CBP–p53 binding to allow sufficient versican expression. Its impairment suppresses versican, disrupting the stem cell niche to drive UC and highlighting versican as a therapeutic target.

The Taiwan Precision Medicine Initiative (TPMI) has built a cohort of more than half a million individuals with Han Chinese ancestry, providing a rich resource of genetic and medical data for this group.

Chen et al. uncover the mechanism of transferring chirality from chiral perovskite host to a molecular guest mediated by the electronic coupling at the interface. A photoactive charge transfer state is identified, which inherits the chiroptical properties of the host matrix, resulting in selectivity to circularly polarized photons.

Ordered antihedgehog polar lattices are engineered in antiferroelectric PbZrO₃ thin films via interfacial dislocation networks. The authors reveal that these ordered topological structures originate from mismatch.

The Taiwan Precision Medicine Initiative recruited and genotyped more than half a million Taiwanese participants, almost all of Han Chinese ancestry, and performed comprehensive genomic analyses and developed polygenic risk score prediction models for numerous health conditions.

Combining single-cell parallel profiling of genome conformation, histone modifications, chromatin accessibility and gene expression reveals dynamics and intranuclear spatial clustering of epigenome profiles, enabling sophisticated analysis of the regulatory landscape across cell types and tissues.

Robustness checks and reproduction of analyses with existing and updated data based on 110 articles in economics and political science journals with data and code-sharing requirements found high levels of robustness and reproducibility and determined that robustness was not dependent on author characteristics or data availability.

Researchers identify FOXJ3 variants in focal epilepsy and cortical dysplasia and show that FOXJ3 regulates neuronal migration and cortical layer formation by controlling the PTEN–mTOR pathway; disruption of this process leads to abnormal brain development.

Xie et al. identify a distinct subset of CD4⁺ helper T cells expressing EOMES and granzyme K in both mice and human models of colitis.

Here the authors reveal a study of 486,956 Han Chinese individuals showing that most people with genetic variants affecting drug response do not have the predicted adverse events, highlighting the challenges of implementing pharmacogenetics in clinical practice.

NatD is an acetyltransferase responsible for N-α-terminal acetylation of the histone H4 and H2A and has been linked to cell growth. Here the authors show that NatD-mediated acetylation of histone H4 serine 1 competes with the phosphorylation by CK2α at the same residue thus leading to the upregulation of Slug and tumor progression.

Estimates from the Global Burden of Disease study reveal declines in chronic respiratory disease mortality between 1990 and 2023—especially during the COVID-19 pandemic—but the burdens on people affected remain substantial.

Single-nucleus chromatin and RNA sequencing identifies epigenetic chromatin domains that confer vulnerability to paediatric brain tumours such as ependymomas, providing insight into the development of such tumours despite ‘quiet’ genomes.

Moiré superlattices are a versatile platform for studying emergent electron and quantum phenomena. Here, the authors demonstrate moiré superlattice formation in complex oxide-WS₂ heterostructures across varying twist angles.

Obi, Yan and colleagues identified an HIV-1-encoded circular RNA (circHIV) in plasma from people living with HIV and in infected primary cells and T-cell lines. CircHIV binds to the viral Tat protein and enhances transcription from the viral promoter.

Reproductive success is tightly linked to nutrient availability, though how metabolism is linked to oogenesis is unclear. Here they use Drosophila for a targeted RNAi screen and identify fatty acid synthesis as a critical brake point for oocyte development.

Activation of Wnt/β-Catenin signaling in colorectal cancer requires further mechanistic understanding. Here the authors show that the RNA N6-methyladenoine (m⁶A) eraser ALKBH5 destabilizes FAM84A mRNA to prevent β-catenin ubiquitination and degradation, contributing to colorectal cancer stemness and chemoresistance.

Layered van der Waals magnets like CrSBr, when sandwiched between electrodes form a natural magnetic tunnel junction, albeit lacking the characteristic nonmultiple volatile states at zero field of a magnetic memory. Here, Chen et al overcome this limitation to establish four nonvolatile states at zero field by constructing magnetic tunnel junctions out of twisted monolayers and bilayers of CrSBr with two twisted interfaces.

Crystal stability prediction is of paramount importance for novel material discovery, with theoretical approaches alternative to expensive standard schemes highly desired. Here the authors develop a deep learning approach which, just using two descriptors, provides crystalline formation energies with very high accuracy.

Sleep inertia (SI), waking from sleep, impairs tonic alertness temporarily. Thalamic activity recovers dynamically during SI, mediating PVT performance. Thalamo-FPN coupling specifically supports alertness restoration, framing SI cognitive recovery

Protein C-terminal diversity is widespread, yet its proteome-wide impact remains unclear. Here, the authors show that C-terminal variations influence the stability of canonical and disease associated mutant proteins and define the sequence features and degradative mechanisms underlying this regulation.

Current radiative coating strategies only consider reducing CO₂ emissions in service stage. Here, the authors present a life‑cycle–based design using a carbon‑negative filler and durable resin, achieving CO₂ reductions across the entire lifespan compared to the commercial reflective cooling baseline.

Phylogenetic comparative analysis and behavioral assays suggest white eye-rings coevolved with diurnalism in rodents and enhance visual appeal likely by accentuating facial bilateral symmetry specifically in diurnal but not nocturnal model species.

Global Burden of Disease estimates show that between 1990 and 2023, the prevalence and burden of drug use disorders, inclusive of amphetamine, cannabis, cocaine and opioid use, have been increasing in high-income countries, particularly in the USA.

Machine learning models using PacBio kinetic signals enable high-sensitivity detection of dZ-DNA and single-nucleotide A/Z base calling to explore the biological roles and biotechnological potential of 2,6-diaminopurine.

A single-step strategy is reported for the preparation of delaminated MXenes with positively charged surfaces from MAX phases. By combining Lewis acid etching with gas-mediated delamination in deep eutectic solvents, this approach offers a green, scalable and efficient route for MXene synthesis.

Here, Li, Lu, Xia and colleagues identify the maternal complex MPU (PADI6–UHRF1–UBE2D), determine its cryo-electron microscopy structure and show that PADI6 maintains oocyte proteostasis by sequestering UBE2D with the assistance of UHRF1, thereby inhibiting protein ubiquitination. The study, thus, provides a molecular mechanism underlying PADI6-associated female infertility.

Through integrated multi-omics and experimental validation, this study reveals that altered gut microbiota and bile acid metabolism activate TLR3 to induce urothelial injury in interstitial cystitis, identifying a pathway with therapeutic potential.

Analysing the causal links of gene expression and protein abundance on type 2 diabetes risk in blood and seven tissues related to the disease from individuals of four ancestries, the authors advance our understanding of the genetic architecture of type 2 diabetes

Humanity’s Last Exam, a multi-modal benchmark at the frontier of human knowledge, is designed to be an expert-level closed-ended academic benchmark with broad subject coverage.

The existence of a long-lived, prethermal regime in many-body systems with tunable heating rates, driven by structured random protocols, is observed using a 78-qubit superconducting quantum processor.

In nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC), cisplatin is known to be associated with poor treatment compliance and notable side effects therefore more effective platinum drugs are expected. Here this group updates the 10-year survival analysis results of a multicenter, randomized, phase 3 trial evaluating the efficacy of lobaplatin and fluorouracil induction chemotherapy plus concurrent chemoradiotherapy on 502 NPC patients.