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Atomic force microscopy is used to investigate the adsorption and organization of ions on charged surfaces. Trivalent ions adopt complex networks, clusters and layers associated with overcharging, whereas divalent ions follow classical predictions.

In vitro models using tissue-specific progenitors recapitulate the lumen with gland-like structures and functional characteristics of the human stomach epithelium in a patient-specific disease model.

A single-cell epigenomic atlas of human immune cells highlights cell-type-specific features associated with genetic or environmental exposures.

Discovery of a protocluster at z = 5.68, merely one billion years after the Big Bang, suggests that large-scale structure must have formed more rapidly in some regions of the early universe than previously thought.

Nanoparticles sensing glycosaminoglycan loss in osteoarthritis enable disease-severity-responsive delivery of ghrelin messenger RNA to cartilage lesions, reducing cartilage damage, bone thickening and pain in animal models.

In a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial comparing autologous mRNA-engineered BCMA-targeting CAR T cell therapy versus placebo in patients with generalized myasthenia gravis, a significantly higher percentage of patients exhibited a reduction in disease activity in the treatment arm than in the placebo arm.

The authors report on imaging developments of solid-density plasmas and the current filamentation instability by means of the LCLS-XFEL at SLAC. This offers insights on the instability in the solid density region, stimulating new modelling of laser-solid interactions.

Fractal analysis of structural MRI captures the formation of brain shape in human newborns and outperforms other morphological measures in predicting infant age and genetic similarity, including the identification of twins from their brain data.

Scourzic et al. show that germinal centre B cells display an enhanced ability to reprogram to induced pluripotent stem cells compared to mature B cells. This ability indicates their higher plasticity level and is T follicular helper cell-dependent.

The factors that govern hydrogel-dependent bacterial growth are complex. Here, bacteria proliferation in two agarose hydrogels is investigated for 120 different growth conditions, finding that growth decreased with increasing hydrogel stiffness and with water loss.

Chronic care manages long-term, progressive conditions, while acute care handles short-term ones. Here, authors show chronic conditions account for most of the global health burden, with 68% of DALYs and 93% of YLDs attributed to chronic care needs.

This study shows that spatial contexts with more reliable brain representations better support memory for future experiences within them, revealing how stable neural maps help the brain organize and recall life events.

The endoplasmic-reticulum (ER) transmembrane protein IRE1 mitigates ER stress through kinase-ribonuclease and scaffolding activities. However, a significant nonenzymatic IRE1 dependency has been shown in cancer. Here, the authors design a proteolysis-targeting chimera (PROTAC) to fully disrupt cellular IRE1 protein, selectively blocking growth of IRE1-dependent cancer cells.

Gravitational lens modelling of a million-solar-mass dark object reveals that it cannot be a free-floating black hole or dark-matter halo as predicted by cold dark matter, instead indicating a peculiar and highly concentrated mass distribution.

High-throughput chemical ligand discovery is challenged by false positives. Here, authors introduce a scalable enantioselective affinity-selection mass spectrometry approach for proteome-wide ligand discovery with high sensitivity and selectivity

Analysing camera-trap data of 163 mammal species before and after the onset of COVID-19 lockdowns, the authors show that responses to human activity are dependent on the degree to which the landscape is modified by humans, with carnivores being especially sensitive.

With the generation of large pan-cancer whole-exome and whole-genome sequencing projects, a question remains about how comparable these datasets are. Here, using The Cancer Genome Atlas samples analysed as part of the Pan-Cancer Analysis of Whole Genomes project, the authors explore the concordance of mutations called by whole exome sequencing and whole genome sequencing techniques.

CaBLAM is a bioluminescent genetically encoded calcium indicator that delivers high-contrast signals as shown in cell culture, in the in vivo mouse brain and in zebrafish larvae.

Tree longevity is thought to increase in harsh environments, but global evidence of drivers is lacking. Here, the authors find two different pathways for tree longevity: slow growth in resource limited environments and increasing tree stature and/or slow growth in competitive environments.

Colorectal cancer is often diagnosed at later stages, leading to poor prognosis. Here, the authors utilise analysis of rectal mucus specimens using host and microbial analysis to detect cancer lesions.

Metabolic and proteomic profiles derived from fossilized skeletal remains of animals enable inferences regarding physiological health and disease as well as diet to provide reconstructions of ancient soil, vegetation and palaeoclimate characteristics.

Fast inactivation is characteristic of voltage-gated sodium channels. In this work, the authors show that this process occurs in two distinct, consecutive steps and propose a lock and key model for fast inactivation.

Wastewater-based surveillance tends to focus on specific pathogens. Here, the authors mapped the wastewater virome from 62 cities worldwide to identify over 2,500 viruses, revealing city-specific virome fingerprints and showing that wastewater metagenomics enables early detection of emerging viruses.

Rider, Grantham, Smith, Watson et al. integrate multiomic data from patients with psoriasis using dimensionality reduction and machine learning techniques. This approach identifies biological relationships between genetic background, clinical features and disease severity, providing insight into disease variability across individuals.

Confidence is key to decision-making, but the dynamics of confidence formation remain elusive. We show that neural populations in parietal cortex reflect the parallel processes of forming a decision and confidence in the decision.

People living with HIV (PLHIV) on antiretroviral therapy (ART) remain highly susceptible to pneumococcal colonisation and disease. In an analysis of 132 adults in Malawi, the authors report that long-term ART does not restore nasal mucosal immunity.

Challenges in mapping modern molecular and anatomical datasets into a common atlas are not fully addressed. Here authors present approaches to aligning multimodal neuroimaging data and quantifying geometric variability. Authors also make sure open-source code, dataset standards, and a web interface are available, enabling large scale integration of datasets essential to modern neuroscience.

GRX-810, an oxide dispersion strengthened alloy, shows excellent structural performance above 1100°C and stability up to 1300 °C. Grain-size effects, additive manufacturing–induced anisotropy, and fine trigonal Y₂O₃ particles enhance creep resistance.

Here, the authors examine the mechanisms behind cheatgrass’s successful invasion of North American ecosystems. Their genetic analyses and common garden experiments demonstrate that multiple introductions and migrations facilitated cheatgrass local adaptation.

The intestinal microbiome is shaped by genetics and environment. Here, the authors show in rats that host genetic effects, including indirect social effects, influence microbiome composition, identify replicated loci, and reveal mechanisms contributing to microbiome heritability.

Targeting individual DNA secondary structures in the genome with small molecules is challenging. Here, the authors develop ATENA, a CRISPR-based platform for targeting specific DNA structures in cells with high precision, helping to elucidate their biological roles and guide therapeutic design.

The impact of ACKR3 constitutive activity is unknown. Here, the authors suppress basal ACKR3 activity using inverse agonistic nanobodies to stabilize an inactive conformation and revealing a role for ACKR3 in basal cell motility.

Regrowth of lost enamel in tooth decay and sensitivity is a major obstacle to overcome. Here, the authors report on a protein-based material that mimics features of natural enamel formation, allowing for epitaxial growth of apatite nanocrystals to restore enamel structure and function.

Females are more sensitive to social exclusion and loneliness, risk factors for anxiety and stressrelated disorders. Here, the authors identified molecular signals in the amygdala that make females more susceptible to effects of chronic social isolation in mice.

Chronic tinnitus is often treated with cognitive-behavioural therapy, hearing aids, counselling, or sound therapy, but their combined benefit is unclear. Here, the authors show, in a multicentre randomised trial, that combination treatments improve tinnitus scores more than single therapies, though benefits appear compensatory rather than synergistic.

Multi-omics datasets pose major challenges to data interpretation and hypothesis generation owing to their high-dimensional molecular profiles. Here, the authors develop ActivePathways method, which uses data fusion techniques for integrative pathway analysis of multi-omics data and candidate gene discovery.

Interregional transmission is key to a cost-efficient, reliable and cleaner US grid. Senga et al. find that current legislative proposals can increase reliability while capturing some of the cost and emissions benefits of a cost-optimized grid.

A large-scale livestock prevalence study in Cameroon identified Brucella abortus as the sole endemic species, primarily affecting cattle, and revealed its genetic link to African strains, underscoring the need for regional surveillance and control.

A large genome-wide association study of more than 5 million individuals reveals that 12,111 single-nucleotide polymorphisms account for nearly all the heritability of height attributable to common genetic variants.

Microplastics (MPs) represent an environmental hazard which must be resolved by efficient, cheap, and sustainable remediation technology. Here the authors use an engineered algae to capture MPs and treat wastewater, the captured algae-plastic mix is upcycled into a tougher bioplastic composite.

This work investigates changes in regularity of crop failure, heatwave and wildfire exposure for different future climate scenarios. Major shifts in dominant periods are observed when moving from pre-industrial to current climate conditions.

JWST has revealed many prolate, filamentary galaxies at z ≈ 3–8. Hydrodynamical simulations reproduce this trend only in warm or wave dark matter models, where smooth filamentary accretion dominates over the hierarchical fragmentation seen with cold dark matter.

Behavioural and psychosocial interventions can effectively reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease. In this Perspective, Burg et al. identify the elements and actions needed for a broad implementation of these interventions in standard cardiovascular care.

Using computational modelling and neurochemical analysis, this study shows how motor cortex excitatory signals guide belief updating and adaptive learning in uncertain environments.