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Hierarchical immobilization of multicomponent biomacromolecules is promising for constructing advanced biopharmaceuticals, but remains challenging. Here, the authors report a multicomponent synergistic approach integrating in-situ and dynamic exchange methods to construct hierarchical biopharmaceutical formulations.

Regulation of alveolar macrophage function requires further investigation. The authors here show that EI24, elicited by commensal microbiota, decreases alveolar macrophage phagocytosis and inflammatory responses against lung infection and tumor metastasis, whereas targeting EI24 enhances anti-viral and anti-tumor effects of macrophages.

Enhancing the carrier mobility of graphene can enable the investigation of its fundamental properties and promote device applications. Here, the authors report the fabrication of double-layer graphene devices with a quantum mobility up to 10⁷ cm²V⁻¹s⁻¹ and integer quantum Hall features at magnetic fields as low as 0.002 T.

Sortilin mediates thyroglobulin endocytosis within the thyroid. Using structural biology, the authors reveal that sortilin acts as structural sensor of monomeric thyroglobulin, independently of its iodination and hormone content, via binding of a flexible C-terminal peptide.

Contact matrices are used to describe social mixing patterns and inform mathematical models of disease transmission. Here, the authors evaluate the accuracy of synthetic contact matrices generated using mobility data compared to those derived empirically through surveys.

Metal-cation-free CO₂ electroreduction in strong acid minimizes reactant loss and salt precipitation yet struggles with CO₂ activation and hydrogen evolution competition. Here, the authors report bioinspired sharp gold triangles with a proton-blocking layer that polarize CO₂ and suppress hydrogen evolution.

Organic additives frequently shape crystallisation in natural and industrial settings, yet their precise influence on nucleation remains poorly understood. Here, Baken et al. investigate how additives affect the crystallization of the industrially relevant minerals portlandite and gypsum. Using controlled titration coupled with in situ synchrotron monitoring, the team demonstrates that both minerals form via intermediate steps: portlandite gradually becomes more ordered as it develops, while gypsum switches abruptly from a disordered to an ordered state. The study reveals that additives influence these pathways prior to nucleation by altering the nature of prenucleation clusters. How strongly an additive interacts with these clusters depends on its chemical state, which is controlled by the pH conditions specific to each mineral. These findings offer a starting point for creating an industrial “toolbox” to help select more effective additives, and they advance our understanding of biomineralisation processes.

This paper reports the excess mortality estimated during the evolving consecutive waves of COVID-19 in countries participating in the European Mortality Monitoring Network (EuroMOMO) in 2020-2023 and how they compare to recent influenza seasons.

The study evaluates China’s offshore wind potential using farm-scale modeling, revealing lower potential than previous estimates. It incorporates realistic turbine layouts, wake loss modeling, and climate scenarios, highlighting economic and technical differences between nearshore and deep-water wind farms.

SK2 channel regulates the intrinsic excitability and firing frequency of excitable cells. Here, authors present the cryo-EM structures of human SK2 with apamin and three modulators, revealing the structural basis for activation and inhibition of SK2.

This study reveals a hierarchical development of the brain’s structural connectome from infancy to childhood, characterized by distinct sensorimotor-association trajectories and alignment with multiple neurobiological hierarchies.

The implementation of non-negative matrix factorization–a powerful technique finding hidden patterns in high-dimensional data – remains challenging due to computational complexity. Wang et al. report an in-memory analogy solver, enabling accurate factorization with fast operation at low power consumption.

Ma et al. report an organic cation engineering strategy to improve the luminescent properties and charge transport in organic-inorganic antimony halide films, enabling red LEDs with efficiency up to 19.4% and half-lifetime of 10,190 min. Large-area (12.15 cm²) LEDs show efficiency of 14.2%.

DNA double-strand breaks are primarily repaired by non-homologous end joining, which requires synapsis of broken DNA ends. Here, the authors show that DNA end configurations, particularly short microhomologies, dictate synaptic complex formation and can bypass XLF to promote close end joining.

Interactions between long RNA molecules play essential roles in shaping gene regulation. Here, the authors show that low-complexity repeats drive stable contacts between RNAs and present RIME, a deep learning model that improves the prediction of these interactions using sequence information.

TREM2 is an important AD risk factor playing essential roles in the microglial response to amyloid pathology. Here, authors show using a TREM2 reporter mouse that TREM2 levels are critical for efficacy of TREM2 agonism informing current clinical efforts.

Forests are essential for both climate change mitigation and biodiversity conservation, yet how to balance these goals in managed forests remains unclear. Here, using a Europe-wide dataset, the authors find that biodiversity increases with carbon stocks, but mostly when deadwood is included.

This study reveals that the ability to maintain a stable body weight predicts longevity in mice. By tracking weight dynamics throughout life, the authors identify genetic loci linked to body weight, energy homeostasis and healthy aging.

Identifying jets originating from heavy quarks plays a fundamental role in hadronic collider experiments. In this work, the ATLAS Collaboration describes and tests a transformer-based neural network architecture for jet flavour tagging based on low-level input and physics-inspired constraints.

DOT1L slows transcription elongation and promotes RNAPII pausing, altering gene expression and creating conditions that enhance AID activity for antibody diversification but also facilitate off-target mutagenesis.

Spin transport properties of magnetically ordered materials have been well studied. Here, the authors report an anomalous spin signal exhibiting spin transport over 480 microns in the frustrated hyperkagome magnetic insulator Gd₃Ga₅O₁₂.

The topology of interactions is shaping dynamics of complex systems. Here, the authors develop a quantitative method to determine how much higher-order structure can be reduced without affecting dynamical behavior, revealing when higher-order interactions matter.

Through integrated multi-omics and experimental validation, this study reveals that altered gut microbiota and bile acid metabolism activate TLR3 to induce urothelial injury in interstitial cystitis, identifying a pathway with therapeutic potential.

Many studies assess which jobs risk automation, but less is known about how skill demands shift within surviving jobs. Here the authors show that U.S. lower-skilled occupations face the steepest upskilling requirements, especially in small firms and labor markets.

The Ocean Equity Index provides a systematic, twelve-criteria framework to assess and improve equity in ocean initiatives, projects and policies, producing structured data that guide evidence-based decisions and support more equitable outcomes for coastal communities and ecosystems.

The authors study a topological insulator (TI) sandwiched between two magnetic TIs. By keeping one of the magnetic TIs insulating, while tuning the other one into a metallic regime, they find half quantized anomalous Hall conductance, a boundary signature consistent with a quantized axion field.

The role of oxytocin in modulating astrocytes during stress behaviour is not fully understood. Here the authors show that in the amygdala, oxytocin modulates stress related behaviour by transient Gαi-dependent retraction of astrocytic processes, followed by enhanced neuronal sensitivity to extracellular potassium.

This study introduces a sediment-based method to reconstruct Antarctic fast-ice change during the late Holocene, revealing cyclic patterns linked to solar variability and offering insight into long-term cryosphere climate dynamics.

Modern neutrino experiments require precise tuning of energy response parameters, a task complicated by the parameters’ nonlinear behavior and strong correlations. The authors present neural density estimators using normalizing flows and transformers integrating them with Bayesian nested sampling to achieve near-zero systematic biases and uncertainties limited only by statistics, offering a flexible framework for particle physics applications

Irregular terrains challenge users of classic prosthetic feet. Here, the authors introduce an adaptive prosthetic foot that equalizes ground contact pressure and reduces compensatory strategies and gait asymmetries compared with a traditional carbon fibre foot.

Neuromorphic computing processes data faster and with less energy than electronics. Here, authors demonstrate a reconfigurable photonic reservoir computer that performs multiple machine learning tasks in parallel at ultrafast rates while using extremely low energy per operation.

Humanity’s Last Exam, a multi-modal benchmark at the frontier of human knowledge, is designed to be an expert-level closed-ended academic benchmark with broad subject coverage.

c-di-AMP is essential for bacterial signaling. Here, the authors identify the GlcNAc-sensing regulator DasR as a c-di-AMP receptor and provide molecular insight into their signaling effect on the developmental and antibiotic biosynthesis control across Actinobacteria.

XCR1+ type 1 conventional DCs (cDC1s) are crucial to mount anti-tumor immune responses, however their infiltration within tumours is often limited. Here the authors show that cDC1 infiltration could be expanded by intratumoral delivery of mesenchymal stromal cells engineered to express the membrane bound form of FLT3L in combination with poly(I:C) or CXCL9 and CCL5, improving anti-tumor immunity in preclinical models.

In a double-blind, placebo-controlled phase 2 trial in patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma treated with anti-PD-1 plus a VEGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor, donor fecal microbial transplantation (FMT) from complete responders to immunotherapy did not significantly improve the primary endpoint of 12-month progression-free survival (PFS) but did significantly improve median PFS versus placebo FMT.

The CMS Collaboration reports the measurement of the spin, parity, and charge conjugation properties of all-charm tetraquarks, exotic fleeting particles formed in proton–proton collisions at the Large Hadron Collider.

Incorporating deep eutectic solvent (DES) mixtures in dye-sensitized solar cells offers an alternative to the use of volatile organic compounds as part of their electrolyte, which limits their use to outdoor environments. Here, the authors design two carbazole-based donor–acceptor dyes that are compatible with DES-based electrolytes and demonstrate their performance under both simulated sunlight and indoor lighting, with enhanced indoor power conversion efficiency under low-light conditions.

Conventional methods for human motion analysis using sensors tightly attached to the body are often uncomfortable. Here, the authors demonstrate motion recognition and prediction using sensors embedded in garments. The results provide guidance for the development of wearable technology integrated into everyday clothing.

Patients with myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) have limited therapeutic options. Here the authors show that functionally impaired NK cells contribute to immune escape of pre-malignant clones in early stage MDS and that NK adoptive cell therapy can be considered to prevent or delay the development of MDS.

Understanding collective behaviour is an important aspect of managing the pandemic response. Here the authors show in a large global study that participants that reported identifying more strongly with their nation reported greater engagement in public health behaviours and support for public health policies in the context of the pandemic.

The homocatenation of electron-deficient Group 13 metals to form metal-metal multiple bonds through covalent self-assembly remains extremely challenging. Here, the authors demonstrate the synthesis and characterization of N-heterocyclic carbene-stabilized digallyl digallenes which exhibit unsaturated Ga-Ga=Ga-Ga chains with trans-bent geometries.

Lasing with multi-pass gain is achieved in a diamond-based X-ray cavity at the European XFEL, opening a path to next-generation X-ray science.

The cytoplasm can be partitioned into distinct compartments by microtubule structures, which can be stabilized by distinct mechanisms in different species.

A computational workflow, LyMOI, uses LLM, knowledge graphs and other tools to facilitate ’omic analysis and hypothesis generation related to autophagy.

The ALICE Collaboration provides details on the microscopic mechanism that ends up creating antideuteron in high-energy proton–proton collisions at the Large Hadron Collider.