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Skeletal muscle fiber type is key to metabolic health. Zhou et al. reveal that the protein BRD4 dictates muscle fiber identity, blocking it promotes energy-burning slow fibers and prevents obesity in mice, offering a new target for metabolic disease.

Photoredox catalysis promises transformative advances in proximity labeling and noninvasive therapy, yet photocatalysts rarely combine low-energy light absorption with high excited-state potentials. Here, the authors report Ru-based bio-photocatalysts that integrate greenlight absorption with strong redox power, enabling selective protein and phenol coupling.

Microplastic-oil co-contaminants are environmentally concerning, though conventional membranes are typically designed for single pollutant removals. Here the authors design a membrane using a sodium periodate-assisted co-deposition of caffeic acid and ε-polylysine method for the removal of complex mixtures from water.

Toda et al. show that H3K14 ubiquitination stimulates Clr4 activity and, together with H3K9 methylation, stabilizes the CLRC complex on chromatin. This generates a feedback loop that drives heterochromatin spreading and epigenetic inheritance in fission yeast.

N-acetyltransferase 10 (NAT10) is an N⁴‐acetylcytidine (ac⁴C) writer, which catalyzes RNA acetylation at cytidine N⁴ position on RNAs. Here, the authors show that NAT10 catalyzes ac⁴C addition to a long non-coding RNA encoded by the oncogenic DNA virus Kaposi’s sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV), triggering viral lytic reactivation from latency, which promotes NAT10 recruitment of IFI16 mRNA, resulting in inflammasome activation.

In a multi-cohort longitudinal study integrating continuous glucose monitoring and circulating proteomics, cumulative age-related disease trajectories shape daily glycaemic variability and postprandial response to standardized meals.

Bacteria of the genus Streptomyces have complex life cycles involving cellular differentiation and multicellular structures that have never been observed in archaea. Here, the authors show that several halophilic archaea display a life cycle resembling that of Streptomyces bacteria, undergoing cellular differentiation into mycelia and spores.

Lesion-targeted immune modulation is a feasible strategy to control cardiac fibrosis, and engineered dendritic cells are a promising therapeutic platform for treating cardiac remodelling and heart failure.

When 100 social and behavioural science claims were examined, 34% of reanalyses closely matched the original results, with 74% reaching the same conclusion, revealing limited robustness of single-path analyses and the need to address analytical uncertainty.

Pangenome analyses of 28 representative Gossypium hirsutum accessions, including a telomere-to-telomere genome for NDM13, and transcriptomic profiling across 15 tissues highlight structural variations associated with breeding traits.

Unique remodeling of elastin and collagen fibers in extracellular matrix along lung tumorigenesis is resolved with label-free multiphoton microscopy and a quantitative measure termed resemblance metric.

Dong and colleagues report that blockade of T cell-expressed cytotoxic and regulatory T cell molecule results in selective mitigation of immune-related toxicities without affecting antitumor efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors.

In nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC), cisplatin is known to be associated with poor treatment compliance and notable side effects therefore more effective platinum drugs are expected. Here this group updates the 10-year survival analysis results of a multicenter, randomized, phase 3 trial evaluating the efficacy of lobaplatin and fluorouracil induction chemotherapy plus concurrent chemoradiotherapy on 502 NPC patients.

The authors demonstrate that plasma exosomes from children with idiopathic short stature contain elevated hsa-miR-17-3p, that disrupts growth signaling and impairs cartilage cell proliferation. A capsaicin-rich diet in rats triggered gut inflammation, increased exosomal miR-17-3p and recapitulated features of idiopathic short stature.

In vivo base editing of a causative mutation that leads to the neurodevelopmental disorder Snijders Blok–Campeau syndrome restores protein dosage and ameliorates molecular and behavioural deficits in a humanized mouse model of the condition.

Current radiative coating strategies only consider reducing CO₂ emissions in service stage. Here, the authors present a life‑cycle–based design using a carbon‑negative filler and durable resin, achieving CO₂ reductions across the entire lifespan compared to the commercial reflective cooling baseline.

Soft robotic devices, with tissue-like materials, structures and functions, are emerging as promising alternatives to rigid devices for cardiovascular disease, which have several fundamental limitations. In this Review, Ji and colleagues discuss three emerging frontiers in which soft robotic devices are redefining cardiovascular medicine: simulators, interventional instruments and implants for vascular disease, arrhythmia and heart failure.

Atmospheric rivers are responsible for much of the poleward water vapour transport in the mid-latitudes and can cause extreme precipitation after landfall. Here, the authors show that ocean fronts and eddies can influence atmospheric rivers and increase the associated precipitation along the North American west coast.

This study uses two large fundus cohorts to show that retinal foundation models generalize well across populations but exhibit age-related fairness gaps. It highlights how pre-training data composition shapes model generalisability and fairness.

Xia, Zhang, Peng, Chen et al. find that Leydig cells and macrophages show bidirectional mitochondrial transfer through extracellular vesicles, ensuring Leydig cells have functional mitochondria. The exchange is needed for testosterone production.

Nontrivial topologies are long believed to survive only in gapped systems, yet recent progress suggests their existence even at quantum critical points. By preparing low-lying states on a superconducting processor up to 100 qubits and applying entanglement Hamiltonian tomography, the authors experimentally observe these nontrivial topological properties and suggest low-lying states as useful quantum resources.

Authors present a bionic robotic trunk with a cable-driven tensegrity skeleton, leveraging synergistic and antagonistic muscle-mimicking mechanisms to achieve rapid and large-range stiffness modulation comparable to that of an elephant trunk.

Paraoxonase-1 (PON1) is a liver-specific glycoprotein that has been shown to be a tumor suppressor in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Here, the authors show that PON1 reduces HCC tumor growth due to regulation of lactic acid production and regulatory T cell-mediated immunosuppression.

PAN2-PAN3 complexes trim poly(A) tails of mRNAs. Here, the authors show that PAN2 associates with translation initiation factors and that germline-specific deletion of Pan2 in mice causes male infertility and compromises stability of key components of the translational machinery.

Metastatic cancer cells rely on metabolic flexibility to survive. Here, the authors show that metastatic breast cancer cells use lactate for mitochondrial oxidation via the CD147/MCT1/LDHB complex to sustain stemness and promote metastasis.

Quantum low-density parity-check error correction codes are anticipated to deliver high performance, but require long-range qubit–qubit interactions. Two of these error correction codes have now been successfully implemented on a superconducting device.

While neoadjuvant immunotherapy and chemoradiotherapy can improve rectal cancer patient outcomes, there is a need to better identify those who will respond well. Here, the authors present a single-arm phase II trial reporting the efficacy and safety of neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy and sintilimab (anti-PD-1) in patients with locally advanced rectal cancer with proficient mismatch repair and intermediate/high Immunoscores.

This study demonstrates that the reduced serum serine in patients with chemotherapy or women with poor sleep, is linked to the decline of ovarian function. Serine supplementation prevented ovarian damage in mice by inhibiting ferroptosis in ovarian granulosa cells, without affecting chemotherapy efficacy.

The formation of directional fibrous tissue bands, typical of liver fibrosis progression, might be induced by the tension of the hepatic stellate cells, as studied with an in vitro microfabricated model.

Hole–electron resonance in WTe2 unlocks Coulomb-unconstrained spin transfer across WTe2/Fe3GaTe2, producing a giant 289% unusual anisotropic magnetoresistance and chiral transverse transport beyond conventional spin-transport models.

The presence of EGFR mutations and de novo MET aberrations limited response to EGFR inhibitors in patients with advance non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Here, the authors report a phase 2 randomised clinical trial investigating first-line osimertinib (EGFR inhibitor) plus savolitinib (c-MET inhibitor) in patients with MET-aberrant, EGFR-mutant advanced NSCLC.

Elebsiran plus PEG-IFNα improved hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) loss rates compared with PEG-IFNα alone in patients with chronic hepatitis B virus infection. Furthermore, prior response to the BRII-179 vaccine was associated with higher HBsAg clearance, suggesting its potential as a predictive tool for identifying patients more likely to benefit from therapies.

The function and regulatory mechanism of mRNA acetylation modification in cancer progression remains largely unknown. Here the authors identify that targeting tumor N4-acetylcytidine (ac4C) RNA acetyltransferase NAT10 improves anti-tumor response via MYC/CDK2/DNMT1/dsRNA/type I IFN pathway, and show the synergic anti-tumor effect of NAT10 inhibition with aPD-1.

The authors report an Initial Upper Palaeolithic archaeological assemblage from China dating to 45,000 years ago that includes blade technology, tanged and hafted projectile points, long-distance obsidian transfer and the use of a perforated graphite disc.

Quantum error mitigation refers to techniques that reduce, rather than correct, errors in quantum computing. Here the authors demonstrate zero-noise extrapolation applied to quantum error correction circuits on superconducting processors, effectively reducing logical errors and advancing early fault-tolerant quantum computing.

Using EMTracer, EndoMTracer, and MMTracer, this study shows that myofibroblasts in kidney fibrosis mainly originate from resident fibroblasts, not full or partial EMT, EndoMT, or MMT, guiding research toward fibroblast-targeted therapies.

Cholesterol-patterned nanoparticles program gel-like stress granule condensates via a solid–liquid–liquid sequence, reveal dual proteasomal disassembly routes, and permit tissue-specific remodeling of chemoplasticity to decouple efficacy from toxicity in vivo.