Search

Here, the authors conduct a metagenomic-based study of England’s rivers to show that biofilm bacteria are taxonomically and functionally diverse and are key to biogeochemical cycling, highlighting the importance of river biofilm bacteria in understanding and monitoring freshwater ecosystem health.

Bång-Rudenstam et al. report that the acidic tumour microenvironment facilitates the assembly of chondroitin sulfate-enriched glycocalyx to disrupt lipid scavenging and prevent ferroptosis, thereby providing an adaptive mechanism upon tumour acidosis.

This study finds that cell segmentation errors affect numerous downstream applications of spatial transcriptomics data and provides a method to correct these errors by factorizing molecular neighborhoods.

In one-shot perceptual learning, what we see can be dramatically altered by a single past experience. Using psychophysics, fMRI, iEEG, and DNNs, the authors identify neural and computational mechanisms underlying this remarkable ability in humans.

How cellular metabolism influences tissue-resident macrophage survival is currently unknown. The authors here demonstrate that SerpinB2 regulates mitochondrial function to promote tissue-resident macrophage survival.

Chemical recycling of poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) typically requires high temperatures. Here, the authors report the UV-initiated depolymerisation of PMMA at low temperatures, in non-chlorinated solvents, such as benzonitrile.

Hepatic glycogenolysis is essential for protein glycosylation and rhythmic secretion by the liver. Disruptions to hepatic glycogenolysis, caused by congenital diseases or physiological factors such as obesity, caloric restriction and changes to meal timing, alter hepatic protein secretion.

Studies in zebra finches show that dopamine has a key role as a reinforcement signal in the trial-and-error process of learning that underlies complex natural behaviours.

PCNA–PAF15 has a key role in determining replisome dynamics during genome replication and protecting against genome instability.

Understanding collective behaviour is an important aspect of managing the pandemic response. Here the authors show in a large global study that participants that reported identifying more strongly with their nation reported greater engagement in public health behaviours and support for public health policies in the context of the pandemic.

Exploration of the chemistry of allylic, benzylic, propargylic and allenylic oxonium ions is lacking despite the latest developments in onium ion chemistry. Now, a unified approach for the synthesis and NMR spectroscopic characterization of these unusual species is reported, helping to understand their reactivity.

Conventional type 1 dendritic cells (cDC1) can boost the precursor exhausted T cell population thought to be essential for efficacy of immune checkpoint therapy. Here the authors enhance this cellular network using Flt3L to expand cDC1s and then map the movement of T cells and DCs between tumors and lymph nodes.

Heparan sulfate proteoglycans facilitate the assembly of clusters of glycoRNAs and cell surface RNA-binding proteins, which negatively modulate VEGF-A signalling and angiogenesis.

In this work, the authors demonstrate nonlinearity-engineered dissipative quadratic solitons (DQS) for the first time. Moreover, they achieve an in-situ sign reversal of the effective nonlinearity, enabling a transition from bright DQS to platicon generation without requiring any dispersion engineering.

Large-effect variants in autism remain elusive. Here, the authors use long-read sequencing to assemble phased genomes for 189 individuals, identifying pathogenic variants in TBL1XR1, MECP2, and SYNGAP1, plus nine candidate structural variants missed by short-read methods.

The authors identify key enzymes, including four cytochrome P450s, a dehydrogenase and a sulfotransferase, that together build the core chemical scaffold of withanolides, medicinal compounds from ashwagandha with neurological and anti-cancer activities.

The high-plasticity cell state (HPCS) is a critical hub that enables reciprocal transitions between cancer cell states, and targeting the HPCS may suppress cancer progression and eradicate treatment resistance.

Quantum error correction codes protect quantum information, but running algorithms also requires the ability to perform gates on logical qubits. A lattice surgery scheme for fault-tolerant gates has now been demonstrated in a quantum repetition code.

The study by Russo et al. demonstrates alterations in the presence of senescence hallmarks across cell types, inducers, and model systems. These findings spotlight TFAP4 as a key regulator of senescence phenotypes in aging and Parkinson’s Disease.

Immune checkpoint inhibition (ICI) has proven therapeutically valuable in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and other cancers but treatment failure is still seen. Here the authors use multiplex immunofluorescence to visualise the tumour microenvironment in NSCLC to probe functional and metabolic states and correlate this with survival.

Nicholas and Mattar found that people use episodic memory to make decisions when it is unclear what will be needed in the future. These findings reveal how the rich representational capacity of episodic memory enables flexible decision-making.

MedHELM, an extensible evaluation framework including a new taxonomy for classifying medical tasks and a benchmark of many datasets across these categories, enables the evaluation of large language models on real-world clinical tasks.

Inversion of C3 stereochemistry of monoterpenoid indole alkaloids (MIAs) has to occur at some point during their biosynthesis; however, the mechanism has remained unresolved. Here, the authors report an oxidase–reductase enzyme pair encoded within a gene cluster and demonstrate their collaborative role in inverting MIA C3 stereochemistry.

With its attribution to Paranthropus, a 2.6-million-year-old partial mandible expands the range of the genus into the Afar region of Ethiopia and adds to our understanding of hominin evolution in eastern Africa.

The activity of the membrane-bound enzyme pMMO depends on copper but the location of the copper centers is still under debate. Here, the authors reconstitute pMMO in nanodiscs and use native top-down MS to localize its copper centers, providing insights into which sites are essential for activity.

Pan-expansion microscopy of tissue combines staining of proteins and lipids with immunolabeling.

Risk associated with genetically defined forms of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) can propagate by means of transcriptional regulation to affect convergently dysregulated pathways, providing insight into the convergent impact of ASD genetic risk on human neurodevelopment.

Cell surface receptors perceive immunogenic elicitors, triggering downstream signalling via receptor-like cytoplasmic kinases such as BIK1. Here the authors define and use the phosphorylation motif of BIK1 to find novel substrate candidates.

TDP-43 dysfunction in ALS/FTD causes faulty splicing of the KCNQ2 ion channel, leading to toxic protein buildup, neuron hyperactivity and a potential new biomarker and treatment target using RNA-based therapies.

Here the authors show DNGR-1 expressed by cDC1s promotes CD8⁺ T cell priming to cytoskeletal neoantigens from dying tumor cells, thereby shaping cancer immune visibility and tumor evolution through immunoediting.

Analysis combining multiple global tree databases reveals that whether a location is invaded by non-native tree species depends on anthropogenic factors, but the severity of the invasion depends on the native species diversity.

Understanding deregulation of biological pathways in cancer can provide insight into disease etiology and potential therapies. Here, as part of the PanCancer Analysis of Whole Genomes (PCAWG) consortium, the authors present pathway and network analysis of 2583 whole cancer genomes from 27 tumour types.

Using two-photon intravital imaging, the authors show that mechanical stress in skin triggers fluid-filled “stress vesicles” in epidermal cells, altering Piezo1-dependent calcium signals to drive stem cell differentiation and protect tissue integrity.

Variation in responses to bacterial and viral stimuli between Batwa rainforest hunter-gatherers and Bakiga agriculturalists from Uganda suggests population-level divergence under natural selection, with hunter-gatherers disproportionately showing signatures of positive selection.

The European Commission has set a regulatory benchmark for classifying green hydrogen in the European Union. New research finds that by regulating the power purchase for electrolysers, emission savings from green hydrogen production is ensured, but cost is also affected.

CAR-T cell efficacy is often limited by the inability to maintain a memory T cell program. Here, the authors show that intrinsic CXCR4 expression enhances CAR-T cell persistence and memory differentiation in acute myeloid leukemia.

Fusion genes involving KMT2A rearrangements are frequent oncogenic drivers of acute myeloid leukaemia (KMT2A-r AML) but the cell of origin remains unclear. Here, using preclinical models of EVI1 positive KMT2A-r AML the authors investigate the cell of origin and find that the presence of exogenous factors influences AML initiation and the resulting phenotype.

The flagship paper of the ICGC/TCGA Pan-Cancer Analysis of Whole Genomes Consortium describes the generation of the integrative analyses of 2,658 cancer whole genomes and their matching normal tissues across 38 tumour types, the structures for international data sharing and standardized analyses, and the main scientific findings from across the consortium studies.

The existing ENCODE registry of candidate human and mouse cis-regulatory elements is expanded with the addition of new ENCODE data, integrating new functional data as well as new cell and tissue types.

The authors of this study map the human E3 ubiquitin ligome using a metric learning approach, revealing a unified classification framework that explains preserved patterns and functional segregation of E3 families, linking enzymes to substrates and drug interactions, and guiding strategies for targeted therapies.

DOT1L slows transcription elongation and promotes RNAPII pausing, altering gene expression and creating conditions that enhance AID activity for antibody diversification but also facilitate off-target mutagenesis.

A multiancestry phenome-wide analysis of copy number variants in the UK Biobank genomes increases power to detect genetic associations with complex traits across human populations.

The authors show that the CD4 mimetic CJF-III-288 stabilizes HIV-1 Env in an asymmetric “open” State-3 conformation, guiding anti-CoRBS antibodies to boost ADCC against infected cells and delay viral rebound in vivo, underscoring therapeutic promise.

Coagulase-negative staphylococci secrete natural products that prevent pathogen colonization. Here, the authors identify hominicin, a daptide bacteriocin produced by Staphylococcus hominis that has antimicrobial activity against a skin pathogen.

Enfortumab vedotin (EV) is the current standard treatment for advanced bladder cancer, but resistance typically develops within a year, highlighting the need for new therapies. This study demonstrates that NECTIN4-targeting CAR T cells are effective against bladder cancer, including EV-resistant cells, and their potency can be further enhanced by using rosiglitazone to boost NECTIN4 expression.

Exotic six- and eight-particle excitonic complexes have recently been observed in 2D semiconductors. Here, the authors uncover a stable many-body exciton in WSe₂–comprising 20 interacting quasiparticles–that emerges when strong electrostatic doping fills the Q valley.

Authors use data from Togo to model onchocerciasis infection trends and elimination probabilities. Both ivermectin and vector control led to marked prevalence decline. Some areas may reach elimination by 2030 but others need alternative strategies.

Trastuzumab deruxtecan (T-DXd) is a HER2-targeted antibody drug conjugate. Through integrated laboratory and clinical studies, the authors identify significant ERBB2 (the gene that encodes the HER2 protein) mutational heterogeneity in patients with urothelial cancer and co-mutation and amplification of ERBB2 as a potential biomarker of exceptional response to T-DXd.

Radiation reaction (RR) on particles in strong fields is the subject of intense experimental research, but previous efforts lacked statistical significance due to the extreme regimes required. Here, the authors report a 5σ observation of RR and obtain strong, quantitative evidence favouring quantum models over classical, using an all-optical setup where electrons are accelerated by a laser in a gas jet before colliding with a second, intense pulse.