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There are similarities in airway inflammatory endotype between eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis (EGPA) and type 2 eosinophilic asthma. Here, the authors perform single-cell transcriptomics to compare EGPA with severe eosinophilic asthma and find differences in the innate immune cell populations and use mouse models to characterise the function and phenotype of these cells.

Mechanically reconfigurable mechanisms offer a cost-effective, low-complexity approach to build high-capacity multiplexing wavefront modulation devices, yet current studies achieve insufficient channel numbers for practical applications due to limited mechanical transformations and suboptimal optimization models. Here, authors propose a diffractive magic cube network to address this challenge.

The role of protein UFMylation in cancer remains to be understood. Here, the authors show that UFM1-specific ligase 1 and AKT positively regulate each other through UFMylation and phosphorylation, facilitating lipid synthesis and breast tumor growth.

Bulk superconductivity has been observed up to 96 K in pressurized bilayer nickelate single crystals which were synthesized under ambient pressure.

Global Burden of Disease estimates show that between 1990 and 2023, the prevalence and burden of drug use disorders, inclusive of amphetamine, cannabis, cocaine and opioid use, have been increasing in high-income countries, particularly in the USA.

The extreme hot and dry conditions of 2023 reduced soil respiration and enhanced net forest carbon sequestration in Canada, offsetting wildfire emissions, according to satellite-based and in situ observations of CO₂ fluxes.

Estimates from the Global Burden of Disease study reveal declines in chronic respiratory disease mortality between 1990 and 2023—especially during the COVID-19 pandemic—but the burdens on people affected remain substantial.

Quasi-BICs are known for their high sensitivity to structural disorder, which strongly affects their quality factor. Here, authors introduce quasi-bound flat bands in the continuum — optical states originating from disorder-induced band folding. Their theoretical and experimental results provide a paradigm for designing devices of high-quality factor and broad angular response.

Vaccines are the most effective tool in managing infectious disease and characterizing features of protective epitopes could help in prediction methods. Here the authors use protein language and geometric deep learning frameworks to investigate primary sequence features and structural features to identify and predict potential antigens, showing prediction of a protective mpox epitope using this method.

This work proposes multivariate frequency-dispersion regulation approximation under the protection of an oxide layer to overcome the challenge of HT broadband EM wave absorption of monomer ceramics, allowing wide-band absorption from RT up to 1473 K.

Electrofusion enables membrane fusion but struggles with lipid nanoparticles. Here, the authors present a nanofabrication platform that combines microfluidics with microelectrode arrays, achieving efficient, controlled nanoscale electrofusion of LNPs for effective siRNA delivery

A new artificial intelligence model, DeepSeek-R1, is introduced, demonstrating that the reasoning abilities of large language models can be incentivized through pure reinforcement learning, removing the need for human-annotated demonstrations.

Semaglutide, a GLP-1 receptor agonist, may offer neuroprotective benefits after stroke, but its effects in large vessel occlusion (LVO) are unknown. Here the authors show, in a phase 2 randomized trial, that semaglutide is safe after endovascular therapy and may improve recovery in patients not receiving intravenous thrombolysis.

Monkeypox or Mpox represents a worldwide health emergency, and efficient vaccines are urgently needed. Here authors present a modified vaccinia virus as vaccine candidate, generated from the Tiantan strain by targeted gene deletion to make it replication-deficient, which elicits robust immune response in both mouse and macaque models, with favourable safety and long-lasting protection profiles in the non-human primates.

Balancing power conversion efficiency and mechanical robustness in flexible electronics remains challenging. Here, the authors introduce 1,3,5-tris(bromomethyl)benzene into polymer donors as a crosslinker to improve the devices’ flexibility while achieving 20.48% efficiency in ternary organic solar cells.

This work introduces roll-to-roll fluidics, a method that enhances reagent efficiency and reduces turnaround time, enabling rapid and economical next-generation sequencing.

Nociceptive sensory nerves infiltrate the peripheral trauma area, mediating the biased repair response due to the formation of fibrotic mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) neurogenic niche. Nociceptive sensory neuron-derived nerve growth factor activates the TrkA receptors in MSCs and triggers the Hif1α-Twist1 pathway, driving the differentiation of MSCs into myofibroblasts to mediate fibrosis. TPX-0005 exerts therapeutic effects by inhibiting TrkA to reverse fibrosis.

Network-topoarchitecture synthesized by covalent cross-linking strategy enables circular polarization under continuous deformation, paving a way for achieving portable imaging identification under extreme conditions

Somatic mutations accumulate with age and have been linked to functional decline and disease. Single-cell analysis of human cartilage samples from donors with and without osteoarthritis shows that somatic mutations accumulate with age, but, in osteoarthritis, they show distinct mutational patterns and slower accumulation, possibly due to DNA-damage-induced chondrocyte death.

Osteoarthritis (OA) involves joint inflammation and degeneration, but its underlying causes are not fully understood. Here, the authors show that cholesterol triggers intercellular mitochondrial transfer to activate inflammatory chain reaction in joints and targeting this process can alleviate OA.

SaprotHub is a community repository for protein language models.

Authors report a direct ink writing strategy to create transparent polymethylsilsesquioxane aerogels from gel inks with desired rheology, using acid-base dual modulators to achieve “activation–retardation” of polycondensation reaction.

The synthesis of acenaphthylene-containing polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons has traditionally required multiple sequential synthetic steps, limiting structural diversity. Herein, the authors present a tandem C−H penta- and hexaannulation reaction of aryl alkyl ketone with acetylenedicarboxylate.

Chronic care manages long-term, progressive conditions, while acute care handles short-term ones. Here, authors show chronic conditions account for most of the global health burden, with 68% of DALYs and 93% of YLDs attributed to chronic care needs.

In this Perspective, members of the Aging Biomarker Consortium outline the X-Age Project, an Aging Biomarker Consortium plan for building standardized aging clocks in China. The authors discuss the project roadmap and its aims of decoding aging heterogeneity, detecting accelerated aging early and evaluating geroprotective interventions.

Acetate accumulation and metastasis of hepatocarcinoma cells is driven by a metabolic interaction involving HCC-derived lactate and acetate secretion from tumour-associated macrophages.

Currently, there is limited understanding of the molecular subtypes of fumarate hydratase (FH)-deficient renal cell carcinoma (RCC). Here, the authors employ integrated genomics and transcriptomics to develop a CpG site-specific methylation signature for the identification of FH-deficient RCC, and to identify three distinct molecular subtypes for this rare but highly lethal kidney cancer.

Genome-wide CRISPRi screens for modulators of androgen receptor (AR) protein levels using live-cell quantitative endogenous AR fluorescence reporters identify PTGES3 as a new regulator of AR stability and function in prostate cancer.

Continental shelves have become a substantial sink of anthropogenic mercury since the onset of the Industrial Revolution. However, human activities and climate-related processes can remobilize mercury-bearing sediment, potentially transforming this mercury sink into a marine source.

PARP inhibitors are effective in cancer patients with BRCA1 mutations but whether this can extend to BRCA1 wildtype patients by targeting BRCA1 transcriptional regulation is unclear. Here, in preclinical models of pancreatic cancer, the authors identify OFD1 as a transcriptional regulator of BRCA1 via the DREAM complex and as a potential therapeutic target in combination with PARP inhibition.

Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have improved our understanding of the genetic basis of lung adenocarcinoma but known susceptibility variants explain only a small fraction of the familial risk. Here, the authors perform a two-stage GWAS and report 12 novel genetic loci associated with lung adenocarcinoma in East Asians.

The molecular mechanisms underlying cancer cell radioresistance need to be elucidated. In this study, the authors show that the microRNA biogenesis factor DGCR8 is stabilized by USP51 and ATM upon irradiation and by consequence it promotes the repair of DNA double-strand breaks and radioresistance by recruiting RNF168 to sites of damage.

In plants and algae, isoamylases drive phytoglycogen-to-amylopectin conversion. Here, the authors show that ISA1 and ISA2 form a heterocomplex that coordinately trims glucan branches to promote starch granule formation, defining a key step in starch biosynthesis.

We demonstrate a 3D generalized vector vortex array generation with full polarization, phase, OAM, and spatial control, by using joint optimization in different diffraction orders based on a single-layer metasurface.

Here the authors identify hotspots for wetland carbon uptake and regions where wetland carbon sinks are most susceptible to hydrological shifts. They show that two decades of improved carbon sinks in northern mid- to high-latitude wetlands are offset by declining efficiencies elsewhere.

Fang et al. demonstrate that OsHSFA4d enhances thermotolerance by activating HSP101 and promoting CslF6 expression, which suppresses disease resistance. It is phosphorylated by OsCDPK24/28, increasing its DNA binding ability under heat stress. This trade-off mechanism of abiotic/biotic stress may broadly exist in plant kingdom.

Dong et al. achieve Sb₂(S,Se)₃ solar cells with 10.7% efficiency by increasing charge generation with a textured electrode and reducing charge recombination and transport loss with a conformal electron-selective layer.

A telomere-to-telomere genome assembly of the elite Gossypium hirsutum variety ZM113 provides insights into upland cotton short-season adaptation and identifies a repositioned, satellite repeat-rich centromere.

Solution-processed perovskite photovoltaics hold promises for low-cost and lightweight power sources. Here, the authors utilize a marker pen as a fabrication tool to produce large-area, patternable, and cyclable film, and demonstrate flexible solar modules and power sources on flexible substrates.

Aumolertinib is a third generation EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors, approved for use in patients with advanced EGFR-mutant non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Here, the authors report a phase 2 clinical trial investigating neoadjuvant aumolertinib in patients with unresectable stage III EGFR-mutant NSCLC.