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Microgravity triggers carotid artery aging via SREBP1. This lipid regulator remodels chromatin by boosting acetyl-CoA, silencing contractile genes while activating aging pathways. Targeting SREBP1 blocks senescence, revealing a therapeutic strategy for spaceflight-associated vascular remodeling.

The use of benzene ring contraction in chemical synthesis is challenging due to the need to disrupt aromaticity and generate highly strained intermediates. Now, a photothermal ring contraction reaction for the synthesis of multisubstituted fused pyridines is reported, from arylhydrazines and carbonyl compounds, via benzene ring contraction.

The spatial organisation of the tumour microenvironment (TME) can affect immune responses that control tumour growth. Here, the authors use single-cell transcriptomics and spatial transcriptomics to identify a lymphocyte aggregated region (LAR) in gastric cancer and compare its cellular and molecular composition with the neighbouring TME.

Eukaryotic Fanzor proteins are compact and advantageous for delivery, but their activity remains limited. Here, the authors engineer an improved Fanzor2 system (evoMmeFz2) using structure-guided and AI-assisted strategies to enable efficient exon skipping in a Duchenne muscular dystrophy model.

Conventional amides electrosynthesis methods confine reactions to solely electrochemical reduction or oxidation processes, resulting in low amides yield rates. Here, the authors report a tandem electrolyzer that couples cathodic nitrate reduction with anodic ethanol oxidation to produce acetamide.

Innate and adaptive immunity are equally important for the anti-tumor response and immunotherapy simultaneously activating both arms could have therapeutic benefits. Here authors show that a composite nanoparticle platform that immobilizes monoclonal antibodies targeting PD-L1, 4- 1BB and NKG2A or TIGIT recruits and activates both NK and CD8 + T cells.

Trace benzene poses a risk to the health and safety of humans, resulting in a challenging task. Here authors synthesise double-walled Al-based MOF ZJU-520(Al) with trace benzene adsorption (5.98 mmol g^–1) and excellent benzene/cyclohexane separation ability.

Manipulating thermal transport in nanoscale systems is challenging, particularly in disordered media. Here, the authors show that disorder can cause a significant suppression of radiative heat transfer in nanoparticle chains, a phenomenon identified as a direct signature of Anderson localization.

Liu et al. report Chinese normative lifespan brain charts showing later neurodevelopmental milestones than those detected in Western cohorts. Individual deviations from these norms are valuable in assessing clinical risk and outcomes.

Dysregulation of blood vessel size can cause vascular malformations. Here, the authors demonstrate that endothelial cells generate circumferential actomyosin cables to control the size of cells and vessels.

The synthesis of benzocyclobutenes is reported through Pd(II)-catalysed γ,δ-methylene C(sp³)–H bond activation and [2 + 2] annulation between aliphatic carboxylic acids and dihaloarenes, using bidentate carboxyl-pyridone ligands. Regiocontrol is achieved in benzocyclobutene formation through the differentiation of reactivity between the aryl iodide and bromide sites.

The regulatory roles of structural variations (SVs) in transcriptional networks and agronomic traits of tea plants are largely unexplored. Here, the authors assemble the pangnome from 22 representative tea accessions and their wild relative and reveal SVs driving gene expression alteration and agronomic traits diversification.

Organosulfates can rapidly form at the surfaces of sea spray droplets via the spontaneous oxidation of dimethyl sulfide and alcohols, providing a previously overlooked pathway in the marine sulfur cycle.

The paper demonstrates a ferroelectric photosensor array that integrates image memorization, low-level processing, and high-level computing. It uses dynamic and switchable photovoltages to perform image tasks, leveraging the bulk photovoltaic effect for enhanced precision and reliability.

A versatile nano-adaptor is used to construct multi-specific nano-antibodies for treatment of tumours in mice.

Converting carbon dioxide into valuable multi-carbon products remains challenging under acidic conditions. Here, the authors develop a covalent organic framework–modified copper nitrate catalyst that enables stable ethylene production at high current densities.

Genomic, transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses from a population of 295 diverse sweet-corn inbred lines provide insights into kernel quality formation mechanisms and the divergence of sweet corn and field corn.

Understanding brain function requires integrating neuronal structure, activity, and genes. Here, authors developed an optogenetic tool they name Pisces, to enable complete labeling of individual neurons’ morphology with functional and molecular profiling, allowing multimodal single-cell analysis in vivo in zebrafish.

Reconfigurable elastic properties are essential for functional mechanical metamaterials. Here, the authors propose a 3D metamaterial with engineered zero modes, and experimentally demonstrate its transformability covering all seven extremal metamaterial types, leading to programmable wave functions.

The biological clock model LifeClock predicts biological age across all life stages from routine clinical data, revealing distinct pediatric and adult disease risk patterns.

Yuan et al. report a nearly vertical subthreshold swing field-effect transistor consists of a graphene/silicon heterojunction drain and a silicon channel. The device enables nearly hysteresis-free transistors with subthreshold swing of 16 µV dec⁻¹, and a complementary logic inverter with gain of 311.

Polo-like kinase 1 (Plk1) is a key regulator of mitosis. Here, the authors show that Plk1 activates the pentose phosphate pathway in cancer cells by directly phosphorylating glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) and that such activation is critical for cell cycle progression and cancer cell growth.

Jing et al., perform local injections of lipid nanoparticles carrying synthetic IL-2 and circRNAs encoding IL-2R–TLR4 chimeric receptors and anti-CA9 CARs to target renal tumor macrophages, thereby promoting their antitumorigenic potential in situ.

De novo synthesis of amino acids supports the production of matrix proteins by fibroblasts. Here, Meliton et al. demonstrate a critical role for mitochondrial one-carbon metabolism in the production of glycine, and glycine-rich collagen proteins.

Wang and colleagues report the clinical results and immunological correlates of a phase 2 clinical trial of cryoablation plus lenvatinib and sintilimab in persons with advanced or metastatic intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma.

Organic co-crystals are useful in the fabrication of functional materials, but it is challenging to achieve structural diversity of co-crystals. Here, the authors report nine sets of macrocycle cocrystals with diverse structures and stoichiometric ratios giving different luminescence properties.

Viruses such as EBV use various mechanisms to avoid antiviral responses. Here the authors propose that the EBV protein BRRF2 is secreted via extracellular vesicles from NPC cells, disrupts the cGAS-STING pathway, reduces cGAS-DNA phase separation and the subsequent antiviral response.

The nature of the pairing symmetry in superconducting single-layer FeSe has been the subject of intense debate. Here, the authors use scanning tunneling microscopy/spectroscopy to show the absence of topological edge/corner modes, providing evidence for sign-preserving s-wave pairing.

Synovial sarcoma (SS) is a difficult-to-treat cancer, driven by the fusion oncoprotein SS18::SSX. SS18::SSX alters the BAF (mammalian SWI/SNF) chromatin remodelling complex to create an oncogenic transcriptome. Here, the authors identify SS18::SSX-driven SMARCE1 SUMOylation as a therapeutic vulnerability in SS and show that SUMOylation inhibition stabilizes the cBAF complex, inducing cell death and sensitization of SS to chemotherapy.

Understanding how cells differentiate to their final fates is a fundamental biological problem. Here, authors introduce MultiVeloVAE, a probabilistic framework that models gene expression and chromatin accessibility mechanistically, integrates multiple samples, accounts for bifurcations, and enables statistical testing over time.

The social exposome—lifelong social and economic adversity—can shape brain health and dementia risk. Here, the authors show that an adverse social exposome is linked to poorer clinical, cognitive, and brain changes in Latin American older adults.

Biaryl compounds with an axial chirality are valuable architectures but few methods have been developed for the construction of bridged biaryls, a subclass of these compounds that bear a tether to connect the two arenes and form a medium-sized ring. Here, the authors design a Co/SPDO-catalyzed aerobic oxidative coupling/desymmetrization sequence of prochiral phenols for the enantioselective synthesis of biaxial bridged m-terphenyls embedded in an azocane.

Flowcell type and basecaller configuration of nanopore sequencing are crucial for data analysis but are often missing in public datasets, hindering large-scale integrative analysis. Here, the authors present LongBow, which restores this information from FASTQ files.

Histone variant macroH2A1.2 and chromatin remodeler ATRX act jointly to maintain telomere integrity under conditions of acute replication stress in ALT-positive cancer cells.

In this partially randomized clinical trial, the authors find that an orally inhaled Ad5-nCoV booster is associated with a lower incidence of symptomatic COVID-19 during the following 6 months compared with controls who haven’t received a booster. Intramuscular administered Ad5-CoV booster is associated with reduced COVID-19 incidence as well.

A DNA matrix material potentiates humoral response through multiple administration routes, generating neutralizing antibodies and conferring robust protection against infection.

Emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants raise concerns on immune evasion. Here, the authors evaluate the neutralization efficiency of COVID-19 mRNA vaccinee sera against representative viruses of 13 WHO-designated SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern/interest.

This study elucidates that d-galacturonic acid and d-glucuronic acid regulate apple fruit softening by repressing MdHb1 expression through the MdMYB2/MdNAC14/MdNTL9-MdHb1 regulatory module, offering new insights into postharvest fruit quality control.

The evolution of superconductivity in LiFeAs with respect to pressure or strain remains elusive. Here, the authors observe different response of superconducting states due to different orientations of local wrinkles on the surface of LiFeAs.