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Biomass DNA has potential in sustainable materials, but scalable production of robust DNA materials is challenging. Here, the authors report the development of a fast shrinking induced entanglement strategy for the preparation of rubber-like hydrogels composed entirely of DNA.

This study achieves precise atomic-scale control over ferroelectric polymer chains through facet modulation, significantly enhancing ferroelectric phase stability, thereby enabling efficient and tunable multiband electromagnetic attenuation.

Irreversible electroporation (IRE) is a treatment for pancreatic cancer, but its efficacy is limited by uneven electric field distribution. Here, the authors show that combining iron-based nanoparticles and PROTAC-mediated degradation of ferritin heavy chain 1 (FTH1) enhances IRE efficacy by inducing ferroptosis.

Humanity’s Last Exam, a multi-modal benchmark at the frontier of human knowledge, is designed to be an expert-level closed-ended academic benchmark with broad subject coverage.

Stone tools illustrate behavioural complexities in Middle Pleistocene hominin populations. Here, the authors present small dimensional flakes and hafted tools from Xigou, central China, dated to ~160–72 thousand years ago that demonstrate early, complex technological advancements.

Micromitophagy is found to occur in plant male germline cells, mediated by ATG5–HSP90.2 signalling, and is evolutionarily conserved in angiosperms. This mechanism underpins paternal mitochondrial elimination and supports the zygote-to-embryo transition.

Identifying jets originating from heavy quarks plays a fundamental role in hadronic collider experiments. In this work, the ATLAS Collaboration describes and tests a transformer-based neural network architecture for jet flavour tagging based on low-level input and physics-inspired constraints.

A model, trained to generate synthetic, patient-specific angiography images, reduced radiation exposure to patients and clinicians by two-thirds in a multicenter randomized controlled trial involving 1,068 patients.

Dendrobium is a genus of mostly epiphytic and lithophytic orchids. Here, the authors conduct comparative genome analysis for 24 chromosome-level genome assemblies and genome skimming sequencing data for 204 species in this genus, and reveal genomic variation, biosynthesis and evolutionary adaptation in Dendrobium orchids.

Satellite altimetry reveals intensifying global river water level variability (2016–2024) through increased seasonality, reduced seasonal fluctuations, and escalating hydrological extremes, signaling dual stress from concurrent droughts and floods.

Follow-up telephone interviews are crucial but labour intensive in large-scale clinical trials. Here, the authors show that a specialized large language model automates this process, outperforming both existing AI systems and human experts in accuracy and efficiency.

Zhang et al. found that histone deacetylase 1 (HDAC1) condensation is responsible for temozolomide resistance in glioblastoma by recruiting CCCTC-binding factor and remodeling chromatin in a deacetylase-independent manner. Disrupting the HDAC1 condensates with resminostat restores the sensitivity to temozolomide.

The charge transport properties of organic semiconductors limit their low-dose X-ray imaging capability. Here, authors report 3D 4-methyl hydroxybenzoate for enhanced π-π stacking, achieving stable X-ray detection with detection limit of 4.22 nGy_air s⁻¹ and high-resolution imaging at 1.6 lp mm⁻¹.

Graphene film-based metamaterials are applied for polarization manipulation of electromagnetic shielding effectiveness, achieving high performance in polarization sensitivity, full polarization shielding, and switching efficiency.

The precise molecular and physiological functions of the iron transporter Slc22a17 remain poorly understood. Here authors report mice lacking Slc22a17 expression in the brain suffer from iron overload, oxidative stress, and learning deficits.

Seasonal variation in K isotopes of rivers that drain the Chinese Loess Plateau indicates that riverine K isotopes can trace changes in silicate weathering intensity over time, offering a tool to track Earth’s climate–rock interactions.

The basis for inefficient Mtb control in PLWH despite treatment is unclear. Here, the authors show that combined TB/HIV therapy in Mtb/SIV co-infected macaques reduces bacterial and viral burden and improved lung pathology, but failed to fully restore immune balance, revealing persistent inflammation.

Adsorbate-mediated strong metal–support interaction is important but mechanistically hard to tune. Facet-resolved Ni/TiO₂ reveals adsorbates trigger and stabilise TiO_2-x overlayers, allowing CO vs CH₄ selectivity control via interfacial electronic effects.

The relationship between innate immunity and cellular senescence is unclear. Here the authors show that NRF1 promotes inflammatory signaling and suggest that NRF1 inhibition may improve age-related health outcomes.

Iron limitation induces the expression of IsiA in cyanobacteria, which serves as a light-harvesting antenna for PSI. Here, authors present two PSI-IsiA structures, elucidating the assembly and functional dynamics of these complexes under iron stress.

The CMS Collaboration reports the measurement of the spin, parity, and charge conjugation properties of all-charm tetraquarks, exotic fleeting particles formed in proton–proton collisions at the Large Hadron Collider.

A new type of mRNA splicing mechanism discovered in Caenorhabditis elegans that detects and removes inverted repeats also occurs in human cells, thereby providing another strategy to protect against the negative effects of transposable elements.

Zinc-bromine flow batteries face challenges from corrosive Br₂, which limits their lifespan and environmental safety. Here, the authors introduce sodium sulfamate as a Br₂ scavenger, enabling a more durable and higher-energy-density Zn/Br flow battery suitable for large-scale operation.

SARS-CoV-2 continues to evolve, necessitating updated vaccines and therapeutics. Here the authors identify three broadly binding antibodies from vaccinated or infected individuals, characterize their conserved non-overlapping RBD epitopes by structural analysis and demonstrate protective effects in a hamster model.

Ethanol steam reforming (ESR) promises green H₂, but tangled networks hide controlling intermediates. In-situ SVUV-PI-MBMS with DFT/microkinetics on Ni/La₂O₃ pinpoints vinyloxy (CH₂CHO), not acetyl, as the chain carrier, steering most flux and redefining ESR mechanisms.

It is unclear how early-life urbanicity influences adult neurobehavioral traits. This study reveals that earlier menarche mediates the relationship between early-life urbanicity and adult neurobehavioral traits associated with mental disorders.

Chronic care manages long-term, progressive conditions, while acute care handles short-term ones. Here, authors show chronic conditions account for most of the global health burden, with 68% of DALYs and 93% of YLDs attributed to chronic care needs.

Zhao et al. uncover the protein composition and atomic structure of ciliary radial spoke 3, revealing it as a metabolic hub that regulates ciliary motility, providing insights into ciliary diseases

Viruses such as EBV use various mechanisms to avoid antiviral responses. Here the authors propose that the EBV protein BRRF2 is secreted via extracellular vesicles from NPC cells, disrupts the cGAS-STING pathway, reduces cGAS-DNA phase separation and the subsequent antiviral response.

A cross-ancestry GWAS meta-analyses of brainstem structures identify 713 associations. It reveals shared/distinct genetic architectures across ancestries/substructures and overlaps with neuropsychiatric disorders and physiological functions.

This work reveals an unusual T⁴ temperature dependence of the electronic thermal conductivity at ultralow temperatures and a strong violation of the Wiedemann-Franz law in the topological compensated semimetals TaAs₂, NbAs₂, and NdSb.

Polygenic scores for body mass index and obesity constructed using data from 5 million people with different ancestries were associated with distinct weight gain trajectories from early childhood to adulthood.

On-demand access to information encoded in nucleotides lies at the heart of DNA/RNA applications. Here the authors develop a real-time method using nanopore sequencing, SUSTag-ORCtrL, to directly read DNA tags and access stored data without PCR.

A reinforcement learning-based virtual reality system, implementing a series of sport sessions with coaching, was as effective as standard physical activity in reducing fat mass in adolescents, with positive effects on cognition.

In returning Thouless pumping, the quantized charge is pumped during the first half of the cycle and returns to zero during the second. Here, authors demonstrate returning Thouless pumping experimentally with a symmetry-protected delicate topological insulator, made of a two-dimensional acoustic crystal.

The synthesis of carbon dots with efficient solid-state emission is difficult, requiring harsh conditions. Here, the authors develop a mild molten-salt synthesis route and use machine learning to optimize the luminous efficiency of carbon dots.

Based on numerical models and the comparison with natural settings, this study reveals that divergent mantle flow induced by lower-mantle upwelling can cause anomalous subsidence. Interaction between the upwelling and remnant blocks can extend the duration of the upwelling and focus the subsidence into a narrow region.

An isolation strategy is presented to improve the stability of metal nanoparticles by grafting oxide nano-islands between the support and the nanoparticles. This enhances sintering resistance, with the mean size of the nanoparticles maintained at 1.4 nm after 400 h of catalytic dry reforming of methane.

The role of TGFβ in cancer is paradoxical and context-dependent. Here, the authors discover that a preserved, DLD-mediated metabolic suppression by TGFβ undermines anti-TGFβ therapy, promoting gastric cancer growth.

A super-pangenome analysis incorporating 123 newly sequenced bryophyte genomes reveals that bryophytes exhibit a larger number of unique and lineage-specific gene families than vascular plants.

This trial evaluated the immunogenicity and safety profiles of a bivalent aerosolized adenovirus-vectored COVID-19 vaccine and an intramuscular bivalent mRNA booster. The mRNA booster induced higher neutralizing antibody levels and a distinct memory B cell response, yet was associated with a higher incidence of adverse reactions.

An analysis of 140 floras from China reveals that high species diversity exists in granite and mixed landforms, while low species diversity is found in karst, Danxia, and desert landforms. Based on these findings, the authors provide new clues for understanding the assembly and differentiation of mountain floras, highlighting the role of bedrock and landform processes.