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Dissolved Fe(II) could greatly enhance uptake of dissolved phosphorus by common phyllosilicate minerals in the Archean and Proterozoic ferruginous oceans, serving as a key mediator in early phosphorus cycling and habitability

Here the authors introduce a radical-based approach for the generation of allylic copper(III) complexes, enabling the efficient synthesis of allylic amines in the presence of alkyl/aryl amines.

Emu3 enables large-scale text, image and video learning based solely on next-token prediction, matching the generation and perception performance of task-specific methods, with implications for the development of scalable and unified multimodal intelligence systems.

Estimates from the Global Burden of Disease study reveal declines in chronic respiratory disease mortality between 1990 and 2023—especially during the COVID-19 pandemic—but the burdens on people affected remain substantial.

Multislice electron ptychography reveals that gradient-distributed ions induce progressive lattice distortions from bulk to surface, driving monoclinic γ-WO3 electrochromic materials to transform into tetragonal and cubic phases and forming the gradient-distributed colour centers.

Hong-Xuan Lin, Ji-Ping Gao, Jun-Xiang Shan and colleagues show that natural variation in a proteasome α2 subunit gene contributes to thermotolerance in African rice. Their follow-up studies suggest that the variant allele protects cells from heat stress by enhancing the elimination of cytotoxic denatured proteins and maintaining heat-response processes.

Achieving generality in asymmetric catalysis with highly reactive radicals is a challenge. Now it is shown that a sequential copper-catalysed approach enables the efficient, enantioselective cross-coupling of over 50 diverse radicals, providing unified access to C-, P- and S-chiral products and advancing the asymmetric synthesis of challenging molecular architectures.

Insect genomics is entering a telomere-to-telomere (T2T) era. This study presents a 596-Mb T2T genome of an individual male Bactrocera dorsalis—a species with atypical telomeres, centromeres, and sex-chromosome architecture—advancing genetics, chromosome biology, and pest management.

Identifying jets originating from heavy quarks plays a fundamental role in hadronic collider experiments. In this work, the ATLAS Collaboration describes and tests a transformer-based neural network architecture for jet flavour tagging based on low-level input and physics-inspired constraints.

Structurally diverse natural products are a promising source of antibiotics. Here, the authors report the collective asymmetric total synthesis of polycyclic xanthene myrtucommulone D and five related congeners and discover a compound active against both drug-sensitive and drug-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.

The authors develop a super-gravity field remelting fabrication technology which is effective in synergistically optimizing the electrical and thermal transport properties. Under a super-gravity field, the brittle (Bi,Sb)₂Te₃ alloy undergoes unusual plastic deformation during melt solidification.

Liu et al. report Chinese normative lifespan brain charts showing later neurodevelopmental milestones than those detected in Western cohorts. Individual deviations from these norms are valuable in assessing clinical risk and outcomes.

Despite various advantages of aluminium batteries, their application is hindered by the use of ionic liquid electrolytes. Here this work shows an organic formulation that is non-corrosive and delivers better performance, opening vast chemical space for electrolyte design.

HMGCR is upregulated by E2F1, driving ferroptosis resistance by reducing oxidative damage triggered by T cell-based therapy. Notably, targeting HMGCR restores ferroptosis sensitivity in immune-refractory tumors, enhancing response to PD-1 blockade as well as adoptive T cell transfer therapy.

Serotonin (5-HT) and its derivative melatonin are versatile physiological regulators. Here, the authors report that abscisic acid induces 5-HT biosynthesis via the ABI5 transcription factor in rice.

A layer-by-layer thermal evaporation strategy enables thermally evaporated inverted perovskite solar cells with a power conversion efficiency of 25.19%, maintaining about 95% of their initial efficiency after 1,000 h of operation.

Parity induces an accumulation of CD8⁺ T cells, including cells with a tissue-resident-memory-like phenotype within human normal breast tissue, offering long-term protection against triple-negative breast cancer.

A combination of large-scale phylogenomic analysis, mouse lethality experiments and bacterial growth assays shows that gene loss in the putrescine utilization pathway has enhanced biofilm formation and transmission-related characteristics in the pandemic clone of a bacterial pathogen, Vibrio parahaemolyticus, promoting successive waves of global transmission events.

A modular nanobody-based approach assembles combination vaccines by stably attaching diverse antigens to hepatitis E virus-like particles, preserving native immunogenicity and inducing broad protection against respiratory pathogens.

Fang et al. demonstrate that OsHSFA4d enhances thermotolerance by activating HSP101 and promoting CslF6 expression, which suppresses disease resistance. It is phosphorylated by OsCDPK24/28, increasing its DNA binding ability under heat stress. This trade-off mechanism of abiotic/biotic stress may broadly exist in plant kingdom.

Dendrobium is a genus of mostly epiphytic and lithophytic orchids. Here, the authors conduct comparative genome analysis for 24 chromosome-level genome assemblies and genome skimming sequencing data for 204 species in this genus, and reveal genomic variation, biosynthesis and evolutionary adaptation in Dendrobium orchids.

The applicability of the circularly polarized luminescence emitted from chiral substances is limited by their poor performance. Here, the authors describe the sequential amplification of circularly polarized luminescence of metal clusters to trigger enantioselective photopolymerization.

The red fluorescent protein mScarlet3-H is bright, photostable and very robust to high temperature, chaotropic conditions and oxidative environments. mScarlet3-H works well in correlative light and electron microscopy, tissue clearing and time-lapse super-resolution microscopy.

The decarbonization of energy systems requires access to minerals that are critical for manufacturing low-carbon technologies. Here researchers show that meeting climate targets could be impeded by material shortages, revealing the importance of diverse solutions that balance mitigation, equity and resource constraints.

It is unclear how early-life urbanicity influences adult neurobehavioral traits. This study reveals that earlier menarche mediates the relationship between early-life urbanicity and adult neurobehavioral traits associated with mental disorders.

Here, based on single-pass intestinal perfusion platform, the authors establish a microbiota-based drug permeability screening framework to compare perfusion and metabolomic profiles of 32 orally administered drugs in germ-free rats, and show that increased permeability of N-Acetylcysteine is mediated by cysteine-3-ketosphinganine of Bacteroides.

It is uncertain how much life expectancy of the Chinese population would improve under current and greater policy targets on lifestyle-based risk factors for chronic diseases and mortality behaviours. Here we report a simulation of how improvements in four risk factors, namely smoking, alcohol use, physical activity and diet, could affect mortality. We show that in the ideal scenario, that is, all people who currently smokers quit smoking, excessive alcohol userswas reduced to moderate intake, people under 65 increased moderate physical activity by one hour and those aged 65 and older increased by half an hour per day, and all participants ate 200 g more fresh fruits and 50 g more fish/seafood per day, life expectancy at age 30 would increase by 4.83 and 5.39 years for men and women, respectively. In a more moderate risk reduction scenario referred to as the practical scenario, where improvements in each lifestyle factor were approximately halved, the gains in life expectancy at age 30 could be half those of the ideal scenario. However, the validity of these estimates in practise may be influenced by population-wide adherence to lifestyle recommendations. Our findings suggest that the current policy targets set by the Healthy China Initiative could be adjusted dynamically, and a greater increase in life expectancy would be achieved.

Resistance to ferroptosis in hepatocellular carcinoma remains to be understood. Here, the authors identify S100 calcium binding protein P (S100P) as a ferroptosis suppressor in HCC cells, which promotes lysosomal degradation of acetyl-CoA carboxylase alpha (ACC1) to downregulate lipid biosynthesis.

A cross-ancestry GWAS meta-analyses of brainstem structures identify 713 associations. It reveals shared/distinct genetic architectures across ancestries/substructures and overlaps with neuropsychiatric disorders and physiological functions.

Rapid detection of diverse biomarkers is crucial for public health. Here, the authors develop NAPTUNE, a versatile platform that identifies multiple nucleic acids and proteins targets within 45 minutes using a nuclease cascade.

Catalytic kinetic resolution of racemates is among the best ways to prepare enantiopure compounds, but this process is difficult with organic azides given the small size of the azido group. Here, the authors show kinetic resolution of cyclic benzylic azides through site- and enantioselective C(sp3)–H oxidation.

Acute stress activates autophagy in the lateral habenula, whereas chronic stress suppresses it, with this autophagy having a causal role in maintaining emotional homeostasis against stress, and its restoration through autophagy enhancers offers a novel antidepressant strategy.

Current wearable and implantable biosensors still face challenges to improve sensitivity, stability and scalability. Here the authors report inkjet-printable, mass-producible core–shell nanoparticle-based biosensors to monitor a broad range of biomarkers.

Li et al. report layer-by-layer fully thermal evaporated perovskite LEDs using 5-aminovaleric acid as an additive to regulate the crystallisation. Red LEDs with efficiency of 9% and 7.27% are achieved at 670 nm and 730 nm, respectively. The technique is extendable to deposit large-area and patterned perovskite thin films.

Psoriasis is a complex inflammatory disease of the skin and mouse models may not reproduce the human disease. Here the authors show that UEB2L3 is involved in human psoriasis and that a mouse model deficient in Ube2l3 recapitulates major features of the human disease involving CXCL16 and CD8 or γδ T cells secreting IL-17 to exacerbate skin inflammation.

Yersinia pestis, the causative agent of plague, can change its biofilm production to influence the dynamics of flea-borne transmission. Here, the authors sequence Y. pestis isolates sampled over 40 years in China and show evidence for climate-associated selection on rpoZ to increase biofilm production.

Wan, J. Shi, M. Shi, Huang et al. report a role for lactate dehydrogenase B in regulating CD8⁺ T cell disulfidptosis and exhaustion through the activity of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, thereby impacting the efficacy of antitumour immunity.

Cu(I)-thioether complexes have been widely studied as metalloprotein mimics, but limited structural geometries have been reported to date. Here, the authors demonstrate that a chiral cyclic β-amino acid ligand affords Cu(I)-thioether complexes with chiral conformations and the capacity for hydrogen bonding, offering unusual geometric structures and metal-to-ligand ratios.

Porous organic networks are of great fundamental and technological interest. Here, the authors synthesize a three-dimensional porous organic network with high specific surface area via a solid-state explosive reaction of hexaethynyl triptycene single crystals containing primer molecules.

Accurate delineation of individual teeth and alveolar bones from dental cone-beam CT images is an essential step in digital dentistry for precision dental healthcare. Here, the authors present a deep learning system for efficient, precise, and fully automatic segmentation of real-patient CBCT images presenting highly variable appearances.

Stroke is often modeled in rodents by surgically occluding vessels. SIMPLE is an alternative approach that involves the magnet-induced accumulation of nanoparticles. Because of its reversible nature, this method can be used to study both occlusion and subsequent reperfusion of blood vessels.

A reagentless, wireless, wearable aptamer nanobiosensor interfaced with a gold nanoparticle-MXene-based electrode enables the selective, automatic and non-invasive analysis of the female hormone oestradiol in sweat during menstrual cycles with subpicomolar sensitivity.

Glucagon plays a key role in regulating blood glucose levels. Here, Liu et al. show that

activation of α-cell Gs signaling promotes the release of glucagon from pancreatic islets and ensures the synthesis of sufficient amounts of glucagon.

Untargeted metabolomics reveals that 11,12-epoxyeicosatrienoic acid released from macrophages via gasdermin G pores has a key role in promoting fibroblast growth factor-dependent muscle regeneration following injury.

Different cucurbits produce cucurbitacins with varied structures and activities. A comparative genomic study illustrates the genetic basis of cucurbitacin differentiation and tissue-specific cucurbitacin synthesis.

The discrepancy between the short half-life of ketamine and its long-lasting effects is due to ketamine being trapped in NMDA receptors, and its release depends on neural activity in the lateral habenula.