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Here the authors report an analysis of two large nationwide cohort studies, the UK biobank and NHANES, suggesting that accelerated biological aging mediate a proportion of the association between social determinants of health and all-cause and cause-specific mortality.

A scalable strategy to assemble anisotropic GO and MXene membranes with pH-tuned edge functionalization enables programmable bending via thermo-responsive water release, with applications in soft robotics and adaptive bionic architecture

IBI318 is a recombinant bispecific IgG1 antibody that targets PD-1 and PD-L1. Here the authors report the results of a phase II trial of IBI318 combined with the receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor lenvatinib in patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer with acquired resistance to first-line immune checkpoint inhibitors.

Ferroptotic propagation aggravates kidney ischemia-reperfusion injury and causes delayed graft function. Here, the authors show that inhibiting lactate shuttle and AARS1-mediated NPM1 lactylation protects graft function by blocking ferroptotic waves.

Supergranules are large-scale convective features observed on the solar surface. Helioseismic inferences show that supergranular downflows appear to contribute less mass flux than upflows because they may be spatially too small to be detected. This challenges standard theories of solar convection.

A comprehensive mapping approach using MESSENGER data finds that slope lineae on Mercury are preferentially oriented towards the equator on the sun-facing slopes of impact craters, suggesting they form through volatile release due to insolation

Neurovascular interaction is critical for normal brain vascular development. Here, the authors show that neuronal NMDARs regulate brain vascular development via VEGF-induced global Ca2+ activities of endothelial tip cells.

All components of the proton–proton nuclear fusion chain, in which hydrogen is converted into helium in the Sun, are described, with several implications for fundamental solar and particle physics.

The origins of the Sun’s periodic activity, such as sunspot cycles, are poorly understood. McIntosh et al.posit that the rotational forcing of the activity bands comprising the 22-year magnetic cycle undergoes shorter-term variations, driving magnetic flux surges that impact solar output on those timescales.

A cross-ancestry GWAS meta-analyses of brainstem structures identify 713 associations. It reveals shared/distinct genetic architectures across ancestries/substructures and overlaps with neuropsychiatric disorders and physiological functions.

Human stem cell–derived β cells accumulate high basal PEP, which disrupts glucose-stimulated insulin release. Restoring PKM1 lowers basal PEP and improves glucose responses, advancing the maturation of stem cell–derived islets for diabetes therapy.

The key regulators driving intrinsic immune responses and neuropathic pain remain elusive. Here, the authors elucidate that ZFP612-mediated epigenetic disinhibition of Il1rl1 within the 3D genome in dorsal root ganglion neurons causes neuropathic pain.

The diagnosis and prognosis of chronic kidney disease (CKD) relies on invasive renal biopsies, which can be clinically constrained. Here, the authors develop a non-invasive model using retinal images that can be used to screen for CKD and identify five common pathological types of CKD.

Cerebral palsy lacks reliable biomarkers for early and accurate diagnosis. Here, the authors show serum proteomic signatures of disease and develop a multi-biomarker diagnostic model.

Ruth Halaban and colleagues report exome sequences of 147 melanoma tumors. They identified a recurrent somatic activating alteration in the Rho GTPase RAC1 in sun-exposed melanomas.

A groundbreaking study reveals how physical confinement triggers ferroptosis. It finds the nucleus acts as a mechanosensor, orchestrating Drp1 and cPLA2 that leads to mitochondrial dysfunction and ultimately, cell death.

The mismatched bilateral bond strength between NiO_x and perovskite hinders the development of inverted perovskite solar cells. Here, authors adsorb 1-(benzothiaxole-2-ylthio)succinic acid on NiO_x surface for passivating bilateral defects and achieve maximum efficiency close to 27% in stable devices.

Double Asteroid Redirection Test (DART) mission’s impact on asteroid Dimorphos has led to various impact related features. Here, the authors show that those features result naturally from the dynamical interaction of the ejecta with the binary system and solar radiation pressure.

Effective drug delivery in bladder cancer remains challenging due to poor tissue penetration and rapid clearance. Here, the authors design a self-driven electrical system that activates tunneling nanotube formation, enhancing intercellular drug transport and therapeutic efficacy.

Yang et al. apply high-throughput structure probing approaches to characterize the secondary structure throughout the SARS-CoV-2 WT and VOC genomes, uncovering an ultra-long-range RNA-RNA interaction that directly binds ADAR1 to promote viral fitness.

Stars, including the Sun, dim suddenly in the extreme ultraviolet and X-rays in the aftermath of a flare, and most of the time this dimming coincides with a coronal mass ejection. Such a correlation provides insight into the atmospheric escape and habitability of exoplanets.

How TGF-β regulates liver metastasis remains further investigation. The authors here find that TβRI blockade in hepatocytes decreases liver metastatic progression via revitalizing stem-like CD8⁺ Tex subsets, and an LNP encapsulated with the TβRI inhibitor Galunisertib synergizes with αPD-1 to ameliorate liver metastasis

The combination of computational design, laboratory-based screening and biophysical validation enables the de novo generation of variable heavy-chain antibody fragments and antibodies that precisely target chosen disease-related molecules.

3D printing is useful for the preparation of soft materials with specific architectures, but can be limited by rheological complexity and nozzle limitations. Here, the authors report the development of a method using yield-stress inks in a fluid bath, with the filaments driven upwards or downwards.

The biological clock model LifeClock predicts biological age across all life stages from routine clinical data, revealing distinct pediatric and adult disease risk patterns.

By integrating a ribo-seq dataset of 195 individuals with RNA-seq and proteomics data from the same cohort, researchers found prevalent post-transcriptional attenuation of eQTL effects and identified omic-specific QTLs associated with schizophrenia.

The mechanism underlying abnormal pain perception in autism remains unclear. Here authors show that histone lactylation decreases Dock4, an autism-related gene, to modulate heat pain by impairing Dynein-mediated Nav1.7 membrane trafficking, providing insights into thermosensor-independent mechanisms.

This study discovers that tRNA directly binds and regulates the membrane protein FKS1, a β-1,3-glucan synthase essential for fungal cell wall formation. Cryo-EM and biochemical analyses show how tRNA and GSR1 control FKS1 activity and fungal growth.

Here, in a study of over 6,000 women across China, the authors show that Mycoplasma hominis infection strongly influences vaginal microbiota and is linked to higher risk of cervical lesions, highlighting its importance in women’s reproductive health.

Mechanical cues are key for modulation and metabolism in neural regeneration, yet the mechanisms remain unclear. Here, the authors developed mechano-bioactive piezoelectric hydrogel bioelectronics to achieve mechanical-electrical-bioenergetic energy conversion for neural repair

Keloids are fibroproliferative scars with higher prevalence in individuals of African and Asian ancestry. Here, the authors perform a multi-ancestry GWAS identifying 26 loci and pathways linked to fibrosis, integrin signalling, and hormone regulation.

There is an unmet medical need for endometrial cancer patients with mismatch-repair proficient disease. Here, the authors report the primary analysis of the FRUSICA-1 phase Ib/II trial evaluating fruquintinib plus sintilimab in this population, showing an ORR of 32.7%, a median PFS of 8.6 months, and manageable toxicity.

Atmospheric simulations of Venus show that gravity waves generated in the afternoon over mountains can influence the planet’s rotation rate and explain a planetary-scale perturbation of the Venusian atmosphere observed by the Akatsuki spacecraft.

Fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) are involved in renal pathophysiology. Here the authors use genetic models to show that podocyte FGF4 is protective of diabetic kidney disease progression, and that treatment with recombinant FGF4 reduced renal injury and fibrosis in diabetic mouse models.

The stability of perovskite tandem solar cells is an issue. Li et al. show that diamines improve the compositional homogeneity of a low-bandgap perovskite surface and form a low-dimensional barrier that passivates defects, leading to an operational stability of over 1,000 h.