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Purinergic signalling dysregulation can drive inflammatory disorders, but effective targeted therapy is still lacking. Here, authors develop a smart DNA origami nanodevice that can precisely sense and metabolize high levels of extracellular ATP, thereby fine-tuning purinergic signalling and immune homeostasis.

The mechanism by which insects sense the presence of the phloem-limited, unculturable bacteria Candidatus liberibacter asiaticus (CLas) is poorly understood. Here, the authors identify psyllid Toll8 as the primary pattern recognition receptor of the CLas outer membrane protein Barrel. They describe an immune Toll8-MyD88-IKKE-NFAT axis that regulates the expression of antimicrobial effectors, as well as an SDE3230-dependent mechanism through which CLas suppresses Toll signaling.

Newly emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants underscore the need for broad-spectrum antiviral solutions. This study shows a macrocyclic peptide inhibitor that locks the SARS-CoV-2 spike trimer into a “closed” conformation by engaging a conserved region, and demonstrates that intranasal administration of the peptide inhibitor protects against Omicron variants.

The structure of layered oxides dictates their properties as positive electrodes in sodium-ion batteries, but its rational design remains challenging. Here, authors employ electronegativity and configurational entropy as a design descriptor to guide the synthesis of a sodium-deficient layered oxide with an O3 stacking sequence, rendering good thermal and air stability.

It remains unclear whether and how endometrial dysfunction leads to infertility in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), independent of the ovary. Here, the authors show that elevated ERα and histone lactylation impair endometrial receptivity in PCOS and serve as potential therapeutic targets.

This study shows that excessive atmospheric nitrogen deposition can enhance methane production and emissions by impacting microbial phosphorus acquisition due to the change of N/P ratios in oxygenated surface oceans.

Through integrated multi-omics and experimental validation, this study reveals that altered gut microbiota and bile acid metabolism activate TLR3 to induce urothelial injury in interstitial cystitis, identifying a pathway with therapeutic potential.

Migrasomes mediate the release of cytoplasmic contents, thereby facilitating intercellular communication. Here, the authors propose a regulatory mechanism underlying migrasome biogenesis and elucidate how viruses exploit this pathway to promote cell-to-cell transmission.

Liquid crystal elastomers have potential as 4D-printing actuators, but it is difficult to achieve complex shape changes in structures. Here, the authors report a 4D-printing strategy that combines vat polymerization-based 3D printing with a two-stage UV-curable resin.

Fast reendothelialisation of vascular grafts is important for maintain patency. Here, the authors report on a vascular graft that regenerates the neo-adventitia with lymphatic endothelial cells, which increases the recruitment of circulatory progenitor cells, achieving 90% patency in small-diameter arterial grafts.

The authors report the time-reversal symmetry breaking superconductivity in the thin-flake kagome material RbV3Sb5, manifesting primarily as an unconventional form of hysteresis that is not observed in CsV3Sb5. They also observe reentrance of superconductivity during an in-plane field-sweeping process at 400 mK.

This study applies generalized linear mixed models (GLMM) and advanced transcriptome wide association study (TWAS) methods to improve the discovery of colorectal cancer risk transcription factors and genes, including potential druggable targets.

Electrochemical CO reduction to multi-carbon products offers a carbon-negative approach to produce chemicals, but the intricate reaction pathways lead to a broad spectrum of products. Now it has been shown that alkali cations alter the mechanistic pathways that govern the reaction selectivity involved in the formation of hydrocarbons versus oxygenates.

The existence of a long-lived, prethermal regime in many-body systems with tunable heating rates, driven by structured random protocols, is observed using a 78-qubit superconducting quantum processor.

Off-the-shelf, on-demand allogeneic CAR-T cells could represent a therapeutic alternative to autologous products for cancer therapy. Here the authors report the preclinical characterization of off-the-shelf CRISPR-Cas9– edited IL-13Rα2-specific allogeneic universal CAR-T cells and the results of a first-in-human phase I trial in patients with high-grade glioma.

This study presents a 3D large-range, boundary-identical, and open-cell microstructure datasets for the fast data-driven inverse design of bicontinuous multiscale structures with tunable elasticity and permeability for multifunctional applications.

This study demonstrated that distinct antidepressant therapies act on a common brain network. It explains previous heterogeneous findings across therapies and may be adopted to guide precision repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation.

Multi-modal integration of spatial transcriptomes and metabolomes via haCCA reveals metabolic heterogeneity and NETs-mediated Scd1 upregulation driving fatty acid metabolism in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma.

skew-Tetramantane—diamond’s chiral core—previously only accessible from fossil fuels after elaborate separations, was selectively synthesized by a combination of visible-light photocatalytic reactions to modulate radical chemistry and catalyst-controlled C–H insertions. Operating under kinetic control, this stereoselective adamantalogous cage-extension strategy provides access to synthetic diamondoids beyond adamantane, diamantane and triamantane.

Altermagnets combine spin-split electronic bands with zero net magnetization, making them ideal for integration into spin-based information processing devices. Here Guo, Chen, Zeng, and coauthors demonstrate a magnetic memory making use of the altermagnetic spin splitting torque in a three terminal MRAM device.

Humanity’s Last Exam, a multi-modal benchmark at the frontier of human knowledge, is designed to be an expert-level closed-ended academic benchmark with broad subject coverage.

Induction of hypothermia during hibernation/torpor enables certain mammals to survive under extreme conditions. Here, the authors show that the natural product P57 induces hypothermia by targeting pyridoxal kinase and has a potential application in therapeutic hypothermia.

Previous clinical studies suggested that Insulin-like growth factor binding-protein 7 (IGFBP7) is elevated in early stages of diabetes. Here authors showed tubule and glomerular-specific IGFBP7 promotes diabetic kidney disease.

Yu, Yin, Zhu, Lu and colleagues show that Acr inhibits Cas activity through a scaffold RNA interaction and further develop an RNA truncation optimization strategy to enhance editing performance.

Medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) is a rare and aggressive neuroendocrine tumor with limited risk stratification. Here, the authors perform multi-omic analysis of MTC samples from 452 patients across 10 Chinese clinical centers, identify molecular subtypes and develop a prediction model.

A Kitaev chain formed by two quantum dots coupled via a superconductor support the so-called poor man’s Majorana bound states. Here, the authors form a minimal Kitaev chain using Yu-Shiba-Rusinov states and show that the resulting bound states are more robust than in the case of unproximitized quantum dots.

A chromosome-level Bactrian camel genome and multi-omics comparisons reveal adaptive evolution and convergent selection in desert ungulates, highlighting lipid/sterol metabolism—especially INSIG1—as a key driver of metabolic flexibility for desert survival.

Native state proteomics of PV interneurons revealed unique molecular features of high translational and metabolic activity, and enrichment of Alzheimer’s risk genes. Early amyloid pathology exerted unique effects on mitochondria, mTOR signaling and neurotransmission in PV neurons.

Endocytosis of TFR1 plays a crucial role in extracelluar iron uptake. Here the authors revealed that PKCβII facilitates the endocytosis of TFR1 and increases cellular iron levels through the phosphorylation of AAK1, thus promoting ferroptosis of tumor cells.

To achieve simultaneous transparency and vivid multicolor switching in electrochromics is desirable owing to their potential as next-generation transparent displays. Here, the authors show a single-molecule design strategy that integrates a rhodamine moiety with a propylenedioxythiophene unit and incorporates molecular doping to achieve high optical transmittance with three distinct optical states.

Sweat sensors are important in personalized healthcare using natural oxidase to target biomolecules but these reactions are susceptible to external interference. Here, the authors report tryptophan- and histidine-treated copper metal-organic frameworks which show highly selective activity for ascorbate oxidation and can serve as an efficient ascorbate oxidase-mimicking material in sensitive sweat sensors.

Estimates from the Global Burden of Disease study reveal declines in chronic respiratory disease mortality between 1990 and 2023—especially during the COVID-19 pandemic—but the burdens on people affected remain substantial.

LINE-1 retrotransposons are implicated in aging, but their role in cardiac aging specifically is not well understood. Here the authors show that LINE-1 expression rises in mouse hearts with age. Genetic LINE-1 derepression is accompanied by cGAS–STING activation and cardiac dysfunction, while pharmacological inhibition of LINE-1 or STING improves cardiac function in aged mice.

PCBP2 is elevated in AD and forms condensates that sequester mitochondrial proteins and RBPs, disrupting mitochondrial function and the NMD of BACE1 mRNA, alongside amyloid deposition. The small molecule, CN-0928 mitigates AD pathology by inhibiting PCBP2 condensation.

Electron microscopy and single-cell RNA sequencing analysis help distinguish melanocytes and macrophages in the inner ear, which are often misidentified.

This work identifies ERECTA–EPFL genes as major regulators of maize meristem activity and the development of maize shoots and ears. The findings highlight genetic targets that influence kernel row number and plant architecture to increase maize yield.

In this work, the authors build on the high-resolution structural characterization of the tubulin-binding site and show that the microtubule inhibitor KY216 blocks NSCLC metastasis by prompting α-tubulin detyrosination and inhibiting the miR429/VASH2/ZEB1 axis.

Bronchiectasis and asthma can co-exist in the same patient, and the characteristics may be different from bronchiectasis alone. Here the authors characterise the function of ILC3 cells and how IL-17C potentiates IL-17A expression promoting a neutrophil dominated asthma endotype in mouse bronchiectasis-asthma models.

A mass spectrometry-based approach globally identifies protein regulators of metabolism and reveals the role of LRRC58 in controlling cysteine catabolism.

A strategy based on the design of a composite coating that enables slip-enhanced close-contact melting inside sealed phase-change thermal batteries to improve charging rates enables high-performance thermal energy storage over a wide range of temperatures.