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Valorizing plastic waste remains a major challenge due to its severe environmental impact. Here, the authors report a CuCo/CoOₓ catalyst constructed via stepwise hydrogen spillover, enabling near-quantitative conversion of waste polyethylene terephthalate to p-xylene.

Schizophrenia risk at 1p36.23 lacked functional insight. Here, the authors identify two enhancer variants that upregulate RERE, which disrupts neurogenesis and synaptic function by regulating Grin2a, linking genetic risk to neuronal development and excitatory signaling.

Spin-crossover complexes are promising candidates for molecular bits owing to their magnetic bistability but engineering high-density bits is challenging due to cooperative switching dynamics. Here the authors modulate the cooperative dynamics of surface-confined spin-crossover complex chains.

Cell-cell adhesion plays critical roles in maintaining and regulating cellular functions. Here, authors present a diffusive N-cadherin functionalized hydrogel that provides cell-cell adhesion cues to modulate intercellular communication to promote neural regeneration for treatment of traumatic brain injury.

Grain chalkiness is an undesirable trait that severely compromises rice quality. Here, the authors report the cloning of an E3 ubiquitin ligase encoding gene Chalk9 and reveal its crucial role in regulating grain chalkiness through mediating the ubiquitination-dependent degradation of OsEBP89.

Humanity’s Last Exam, a multi-modal benchmark at the frontier of human knowledge, is designed to be an expert-level closed-ended academic benchmark with broad subject coverage.

An extreme barocaloric effect in NH₄SCN aqueous solutions is enabled by pressure-induced dissolution and precipitation, but without using a separate heat-transfer liquid.

Yang et al. introduce a unified framework for liquid electrolyte design, integrating a forward predictive model with an inverse generative approach, where three generated high-conductivity candidates were identified and experimentally validated.

MedHELM, an extensible evaluation framework including a new taxonomy for classifying medical tasks and a benchmark of many datasets across these categories, enables the evaluation of large language models on real-world clinical tasks.

piR48444 targets METTL7A to inhibit BMP2 mRNA m6A methylation and METTL7A/eIF4E complex-mediated BMP2 mRNA stability and translation, ultimately inhibiting osteogenic differentiation of MSCs and bone regeneration.

Engineered bacteria sense gut bleeding and secrete repair materials.

The mechanical reliability and scalability of flexible perovskite solar cells remain challenging. Mingzhu He et al. design β-cyclodextrin derivatives to reinforce grain boundaries, enhancing both the efficiency and stability of cells and modules.

Protein condensates are engineered with tunable interfacial electric fields to drive electrochemical reactions, serving as a biomaterial platform for intrinsic electrogenic materials.

Zhao et al. demonstrate that ZmCRY1s, blue-light receptors in maize, interact with GL2 in blue light to promote C32 aldehyde accumulation thereby modulating epidermal wax composition and enhancing UV-B tolerance, revealing a light-regulated wax biosynthetic mechanism critical for maize stress adaptation.

The authors demonstrate a TEMPO-mediated urotropine electrosynthesis that is accelerated by defective carbon, as the vacancy defects transfer the oxidation of TEMPOH from a sluggish outer sphere process into a rapid inner sphere mechanism via adsorption.

The study presents a generative spike-based framework to re-establish functional connectivity across pathway-damaged brain regions, enabling biomimetic neural prostheses and closed-loop brain stimulation.

Flash droughts, characterized by their rapid onset and increasing frequency, raise concerns about forest health. This study suggests that those droughts cause widespread forest browning globally, and management practices designed to maximize ecosystem services may further increase the vulnerability of managed forests.

Reconstructing transcription–translation-coupled DNA replication (TTcDR) in artificial systems is crucial for creating synthetic life. Here the authors develop LoopReX, a TTcDR which leverages minimal machinery and artificial nucleoids to support multiple biological functions.

Cryosection pathology is essential for intraoperative diagnosis of diffuse midline gliomas (DMGs), but often requires re-sampling for an accurate assessment. Here, the authors develop CryoAID, an AI-augmented framework for rapid and accurate molecular outcome prediction during surgery for DMG, reducing re-biopsy rates in clinical cohorts.

Mechanical cues are key for modulation and metabolism in neural regeneration, yet the mechanisms remain unclear. Here, the authors developed mechano-bioactive piezoelectric hydrogel bioelectronics to achieve mechanical-electrical-bioenergetic energy conversion for neural repair

Peritoneal metastasis remains a major clinical challenge due to the lack of effective therapeutic options. In this study, the authors present intraperitoneal programming of tailored chimeric antigen receptor macrophages (CAR-Ms) as a strategy against peritoneal metastasis.

Drug-resistant bacterial infections hinder tissue repair and regeneration. Here, authors present a lysozyme nanofibril-based hydrogel that mimics neutrophil extracellular traps, enabling pathogen elimination and promoting tissue regeneration.

Reverse water-gas shift is key for CO₂ use, but high-temperature surface reconstruction obscures structure-performance links. Here, metastable MoO_x on Mo₂N gives equilibrium-level CO₂ conversion and 99% CO selectivity at 500 °C.

Chronic pain severity is influenced by genetics and brain structure, but mechanisms remain unclear. Here, the authors identify genetic loci linked to pain intensity and show that specific brain imaging traits mediate and causally influence chronic pain.

Polymer ionogels have potential in a number of applications, but those based on interchain sacrificial bonds typically have trade-offs with different mechanical properties. Here, the authors report an ionogel with favorable properties as a result of slide-ring effects.

A new artificial intelligence model, DeepSeek-R1, is introduced, demonstrating that the reasoning abilities of large language models can be incentivized through pure reinforcement learning, removing the need for human-annotated demonstrations.

A modular nanobody-based approach assembles combination vaccines by stably attaching diverse antigens to hepatitis E virus-like particles, preserving native immunogenicity and inducing broad protection against respiratory pathogens.

Mycobacterium tuberculosis produces linoleic acid, which is released from macrophages during infection and upregulates regulatory T cell activity, to suppress macrophage control of intracellular bacteria in mice.

Hydrogels have some desirable properties, but applications can be limited if they are too fragile. Here, the authors report the development of a freeze-assisted bidirectional ion migration strategy for the fabrication of tough hydrogels.

Mixed matrix membranes using homochiral microporous materials can be used for enantioselective separations, though optimizing selectivity at high feed concentration is challenging. Here the authors use porous organic cages for separations with high selectivity at high concentrations.

Individual spectral strain tuning of waveguide-coupled quantum dot single-photon emitters into a thin-film lithium niobate photonic platform is demonstrated, allowing quantum interference of two spatially separated quantum dot single-photon emitters.

This study demonstrates that ABHD10, a mitochondrial depalmitoylase, is indispensable for male fertility in mice. ABHD10 deficiency causes sperm motility defects by disrupting mitochondrial sheath formation and oxidative phosphorylation.

Twisted-stacking MOF patterns with high g_lum (~ 0.4) and tailorable CPL performance by the combination of brush coating, heteroepitaxial growth and twisted-stacking techniques were developed, favoring the application in information encryption.

SciSciGPT is an open-source prototype AI collaborator that explores the use of LLM research tools to automate workflows, support diverse analytical approaches and enhance reproducibility in the domain of science of science.

Neural tissue is a key signalling centre for fundic–antral patterning in development of gastric organoids featuring asymmetric PDX1 patterning.

Tissue-specific mRNA or gene editing machinery delivery is achieved with lipid nanoparticles containing peptides with specific sequences, which tune the protein corona of the particles by mechanical optimization of peptide–protein binding affinities.

Kidney stone disease is increasing worldwide. Cao et al. perform a cross-ancestry GWAS meta-analysis of the condition, identifying risk loci and potential causal variants, and construct a cross-population polygenic risk score.

The positive electrode/electrolyte interface is crucial for the performance of all-solid-state lithium batteries. Here, authors use a sintering technique to form a conformal interface between high-entropy disordered rock salt electrodes and garnet-type electrolytes to reduce interfacial resistance.

Authors demonstrate that Ig-like binders targeting the C-terminal of α-synuclein fibrils block fibrils-induced pathological activities, including neuronal aggregation and neuroinflammation, suggesting potential molecular avenues for future Parkinson’s disease intervention.