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High yield and wide adaptation rice are crucial for grain supply and food security. Here the authors report OsPI4Kγ7 which contributes to different “adaptability-yield” trade-offs in japonica and indica, and provides an alternative breeding strategy for raising grain yield in different latitudes.

The study identifies a springtime climate mode, the Tropical-leaning Atlantic Oscillation, which influences typhoon tracks in the Northwest Pacific, potentially shifting them poleward, toward high-latitude cities in East Asia in a warmer climate.

Using volatile vanadium oxide and non-volatile tantalum oxide/hafnium oxide memristor arrays, a first-principles Fourier transform system can be created that can outperform conventional Fourier transform hardware in terms of throughput and reduce memory cost.

Natural variation in the promoter of OsTPS8 contributes to differences in grain chalkiness and seed vigor between indica and japonica rice subspecies by altering trehalose-6-phosphate biosynthesis and α-amylase levels.

The integration of high-κ dielectrics with low equivalent oxide thickness (EOT) is crucial for the development of 2D transistors. Here, the authors report the low-temperature fabrication of wafer-scale HfO₂ dielectric films with sub-5-Å EOT and their application for the realization of high-performance 2D MoS₂ transistors and circuits.

A neuromorphic system that consists of vanadium oxide memristors for the accurate encoding of information as single spikes, and hafnium oxide/tantalum oxide memristors with programming strategies to limit conductance drift, can reliably perform computations using efficient single-spike coding schemes.

Sclerostin impairs whole-body lipidandglucosemetabolism. Here, the authors further demonstrate that adipocytic sclerostin loop3-LRP4 interactionparticipatesin the impairment effect of sclerostin on whole-body lipid and glucose metabolism.

Distributed multiparameter quantum metrology allows to probe multiple spatially distributed parameters across networked quantum systems. Here, the authors demonstrate distributed multiparameter quantum metrology in a modular superconducting quantum processor network.

AI models consume growing amounts of energy. Here, the authors introduce a brain-inspired way to prune connections in randomly weighted resistive-memory chips, boosting accuracy while avoiding costly analog tuning to improve general efficiency and reduce power use.

Papaya is a trioecious species with XX females, XY males, and XY^h hermaphrodites, and the combination of Y and Y^h chromosomes is lethal. Here, the authors identify the degeneration of the YY lethality gene on the Y chromosome as the causal balancing lethal factor that reenforces dioecy and stabilizes balanced sex ratios.

The authors report an omnidirectional, strain-invariant MXene-based electronic system enabled by microgrid stiffness engineering, maintaining less than 5% performance variation under 40% tensile strain for battery-free physiological and blood pressure monitoring.

To address non-uniform sintering caused by Gaussian laser beams, the authors use adaptive inkjet printing to form curved circuits that match the light profile, thereby enhancing the electrical and optical performance of metal and semiconductor films.

To address the challenge of response delays in gas sensors, this study proposes a hydroelectrochemical sensing strategy whereby droplets capture gas molecules and induce instantaneous interfacial electron transfer, enabling rapid detection.

Acute-on-chronic liver failure is a complex condition with varied definitions. Using unbiased clustering, the study identifies two distinct subtypes with markedly different 30-day mortality risks and highlights key determinants.

Soil life relies on microbial nutrient exchange to maintain ecosystem balance. This study shows that cobamide-producing microbes act as essential connectors in soil food webs, supporting host health and highlighting cross-kingdom links central to One Health.

Significant amounts of food waste are generated, and although composting is a useful route for such waste, the process is long. Here, the authors report the development of a microwave-assisted method for the rapid humification of waste potato, resulting in a fluvic acid-like fertiliser.

This study demonstrates that the reduced serum serine in patients with chemotherapy or women with poor sleep, is linked to the decline of ovarian function. Serine supplementation prevented ovarian damage in mice by inhibiting ferroptosis in ovarian granulosa cells, without affecting chemotherapy efficacy.

Phase transitions in Na layered transition metal oxide materials involving slab gliding and considerable lattice parameter changes limit the battery cycling life, especially at high voltages. Here, authors pre-engineer 15.8% O-type stacking faults to a P-type Na0.7Mn0.8Ni0.2O2, improving stability and enabling an electrode specific energy of 635 Wh kg-1 with 600-cycle life.

Solving ordinary differential equations (ODE) on the von Neumann architecture normally demands a large amount of computational resources. Yu et al. build ODE solver hardware using a computing-in-memory-based implementation, showing orders of magnitude improvement in energy consumption and speedup.

How the vascular endothelial cells support the functional adaptation of pancreatic islets under obesity-associated metabolic stress is poorly understood. Here, the authors show that the ER stress sensor IRE1α employs its RNase activity to play an important regulatory role in this process.

By coupling volatile memristors with short-term dynamics and non-volatile memristors with long-term dynamics, spiking neural network hardware can be created that exhibits fatigue spike-timing-dependent plasticity learning.

Altermagnets combine spin-split electronic bands with zero net magnetization, making them ideal for integration into spin-based information processing devices. Here Guo, Chen, Zeng, and coauthors demonstrate a magnetic memory making use of the altermagnetic spin splitting torque in a three terminal MRAM device.

Here, the authors document the evolutionary dynamics of angiosperm pollen, using pollen morphology and time calibrated phylogeny. They identify two surges in pollen disparity in the mid-Cretaceous and Paleogene that are associated with environmental changes and important pollen adaptations.

The performance of piezochromic framework materials is often limited by pressure induced structural disorder causing photoluminescence quenching through energy dissipation. Here, the authors show host-guests halogen-bonded organic frameworks that enable full visible-spectrum piezochromism modulation with a photoluminescence red-shift during compression.

Aqueous zinc-ion batteries are safe and affordable but limited by incompatible electrode kinetics. Here, authors present a machine learning framework that resolves this mismatch, enabling the rational design of durable and stretchable zinc-ion batteries.

Through integrated multi-omics and experimental validation, this study reveals that altered gut microbiota and bile acid metabolism activate TLR3 to induce urothelial injury in interstitial cystitis, identifying a pathway with therapeutic potential.

Oxide memristors exhibit noise in excess of 2–4 orders of magnitude above the baseline at quantized conductance states. Here, the authors measure anomalous electrical noise at these states in tantalum oxide memristors and relate it to thermally-activated atomic fluctuations by numerical simulations.

A nanoimprint technique exploiting capillary forces in nanohole arrays enables patterning CdSe-based quantum-dot LEDs with a resolution of nearly 170,000 pixels per inch while maintaining high average external quantum efficiencies of 17.0%, 10.5% and 5.7% for red-, green- and blue-emitting pixels, respectively.

A four-qubit quantum error detection circuit with stabilizers can be implemented with spin qubits in a donor-based silicon quantum processor.

A rare variation in the promoter of qRBG1/OsBZR5 is associated with larger rice grains. OsBZR5 is found to negatively regulate grain size in rice, a biological role opposite to other OsBZR members. A regulatory module of OsGSK2–qRBG1–OsBZR1–D2–OFP1 is further revealed.

Sewer systems have long been assumed to be negligible sources of methane, yet emerging evidence suggests that they represent a previously overlooked contributor to greenhouse gas emissions. This study shows that global sewer networks emit ~1.2–2.0 Tg CH₄ yr⁻¹, substantially increasing wastewater-sector methane emissions and challenging the IPCC zero-emission assumption.

Application of multiancestry and ensemble-based approaches yields improved polygenic risk prediction models for breast cancer and its subtypes among women of African ancestry.

Prior hypoglycemia alters the paracrine interaction between islet α and δ cells, leading to impaired counter-regulatory glucagon secretion through somatostatin hypersecretion, increasing the risk of recurrent hypoglycemia.

Multi-omics profiling of the mucosal mycobiome in individuals with Crohn’s disease identifies C. sphaerospermum as a protective fungal species that counteracts intestinal inflammation and reinforces the intestinal barrier.

Identifying jets originating from heavy quarks plays a fundamental role in hadronic collider experiments. In this work, the ATLAS Collaboration describes and tests a transformer-based neural network architecture for jet flavour tagging based on low-level input and physics-inspired constraints.

Tropical cyclones cool the ocean surface less than previously thought, indicating that current projections may underestimate their future intensity and frequency, according to an analysis of global sea surface drifters data over 1992–2021.

Fibre integrated circuits created by first preparing circuitry on extremely thin and flexible substrates and then mechanically rolling them up demonstrate microdevice density reaching 100,000 transistors per centimetre and excellent stability under harsh service conditions.

The efficient low-temperature combustion of stable alkanes remains a major challenge in catalysis. Now it has been shown that a Pt–Nb dual-atom catalyst enables propane combustion through a distinct stepwise-boosting, current-assisted atomic relay mechanism, yielding complete conversion below 200 °C and a high turnover frequency.

Niobium oxide memristors with reconfigurable dynamics can be used to make an array integrated with phototransistors that can encode image information in analogue or spiking form and can support different neural network architectures for image processing tasks.

Mineral carbonation offers a scalable route for CO₂ removal. Here, the authors develop a water-thinning strategy to engineer confined interfacial sites that enable carbonation of calcium hydroxide under ambient conditions.

In a trial involving 2,069 patients and 111 clinicians across 24 disciplines, patients performing a preconsultation session with an LLM-powered chatbot had a significantly lower consultation time and both patients and clinicians reported improved communication and satisfaction.

Cryogenic transport measurements of CsV₃Sb₅ nanobeams show a zero-field Josephson diode effect and radio-frequency rectification with power-dependent quantized voltage output.

The mechanisms underlying the improved survival in HPV-positive penile squamous cell carcinoma (PSCC) compared to HPV-negative counterparts remain to be explored. Here, single-cell sequencing highlights the role of the B cell-IgA-PIGR axis in enhancing antitumor immunity and improving clinical outcomes in HPV-positive PSCC.