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High-depth sequencing of non-cancerous tissue from patients with metastatic cancer reveals single-base mutational signatures of alcohol, smoking and cancer treatments, and reveals how exogenous factors, including cancer therapies, affect somatic cell evolution.

Borsa et al. show that asymmetric T cell division after activation requires autophagy to promote mitochondrial turnover, with T cells inheriting older mitochondria showing decreased degradation, reduced memory potential and altered metabolism.

Clonal haematopoiesis of indeterminate potential is driven by somatic mutations in hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells and may progress to myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS). Here authors show that the two conditions share a similar pattern of bone marrow remodeling, characterized by the emergence of inflammatory mesenchymal stromal cells and IFN-responsive T cells, reinforcing their shared etio-pathology.

PropMolFlow is a flow-matching method for property-guided molecule generation that matches diffusion model performance while generating stable, valid structures more quickly and enabling the discovery of molecules with under-represented property values.

The authors demonstrate dual-probe multi-messenger imaging of high-energy-density plasmas based on laser-wakefield-accelerated electrons. This enables spatiotemporally resolved simultaneous probing of plasma hydrodynamics and electromagnetic field evolution with both x-ray and electron beams.

The metastatic potential of patients following breast cancer neoadjuvant therapy is highly variable. Here, the authors demonstrated the predictive and prognostic value of ctDNA in 723 patients with high-risk early-stage breast cancer using serial analysis.

Understanding the mechanisms underlying the survival of drug tolerant persister cells following chemotherapy remains elusive. Here, multi-omics analysis and experimental approaches show that the germ-cell-specific H3K4 methyltransferase PRDM9 promotes metabolic rewiring in glioblastoma stem cells.

Manipulating the chemical composition of proteins and peptides has been central to the development of polypeptide-based therapeutics and to help address fundamental biological questions. This Review describes how nature-inspired protein ligation strategies have been repurposed as chemical biology tools.

Prime editing enables precise genetic modification but often suffers from unwanted byproducts. Here, authors show that the anti-CRISPR protein AcrIIA5 unexpectedly enhances prime editing efficiency while reducing unintended indels, offering an effective strategy to improve activity and specificity.

The prevalence of Alzheimer’s disease neuropathological changes is reported based on blood-based biomarkers in a Norwegian population-based cohort.

A genetic study of natural variation in potato tuberization onset, an important phenotype for breeding potatoes adapted to different global day lengths, has revealed a role for StCDF1, a member of the DOF family of transcription factors.

Neonatal brain injury from intermittent hypoxemia increases fatty acid oxidation and causes long-term changes in hippocampal lipid profile. Here authors demonstrate oral treatment with glycerol-triacetate restores lipid fatty acid profile and promotes functional recovery.

METTL3 promotes healthy placenta function by regulating m⁶A methylation and histone epigenetics. Deficiency in METTL3 leads to premature senescence, inflammation activation of trophoblasts, contributing to pregnancy complications like preeclampsia.

Mapping of the neutrophil compartment using single-cell transcriptional data from multiple physiological and patological states reveals its organizational architecture and how cell state dynamics and trajectories vary during health, inflammation and cancer.

This Analysis illustrates how nature-positive targets aimed at protecting biodiversity can be achieved at the scale of organizations. A canteen at one UK university college is used as a case study for the application of a four-step participatory approach comprising an estimation of food-related biodiversity impacts; definition of biodiversity targets; assessment of possible interventions; and exploration of different strategies.

Evading infection in Cellulophaga baltica comes with cellular changes that alter carbon cycling, metabolite secretion and sedimentation rates.

Marine spatial planning (MSP) and ecosystem restoration are effective approaches to address marine and coastal biodiversity loss and meet Global Biodiversity Framework targets, but have been applied separately to date. This Perspective outlines how ecoscape restoration and climate-smart MSP can be aligned to deliver reciprocal benefits and accelerate biodiversity recovery.

Sources of chiral mid-infrared light are difficult to obtain. Here, the authors demonstrate that twisted bilayers of anisotropic α-MoO₃ van der Waals crystals can emit mid-infrared thermal chiral radiation without any lithographic processes.

Indigo is an extremely popular molecule in dye industry, however, its use in photochemical transformations is surprisingly scarce. This report explores its photocatalytic activity over an unusually wide excited-state redox window.

The authors present MorphoGenie, an unsupervised model that profiles cell shapes to predict cellular heterogeneity without manual labels. It provides a scalable, interpretable, and generalizable approach for data-driven exploration of cellular heterogeneity across diverse imaging modalities.

Florfenicol treatment substantially increased the abundance and mobility of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in the common carp gut microbiome. The resistome and mobilome profiles failed to return to baseline after the mandated withdrawal time, indicating that this period is insufficient to mitigate the risk of ARG transmission to consumers.

Recent work has demonstrated that the relationship between brain and body mass across mammals is curvilinear. Here, the authors demonstrate this curvilinearity across 4679 species, spanning multiple major animal classes. They show that it is caused by systematic changes in allometry within species leading to macroevolutionary patterns.

Vaccine-derived poliovirus type 2 currently spreads similarly to historical poliovirus—unidirectionally across neighbouring countries at a median velocity of 2.3 km per day. International borders are associated with slower velocity when immunity is high.

Hi-C methods for studying 3D genome structure typically require millions of cells and struggle with repetitive regions. Here, authors develop CiFi, combining 3C with PacBio HiFi sequencing, enabling chromatin analysis from as few as 60,000 cells and chromosome-scale assembly from small samples.

A hidden Markov model that uses probabilistic retrospective inference allows for up to one month of unsupervised recalibration in an online cursor-based intracortical brain–machine interface.

Inherited mitochondrial DNA mutations can result in diverse clinical phenotypes. Here, the authors characterise a heteroplasmic tRNA^Ala mutation (m.5019A>G) in mice and demonstrate that macrophages carrying this mutation display altered function and metabolism in vitro, along with increased type I IFN release following LPS challenge in vivo.

Beneficial effects of fasting combined with endocrine therapy for oestrogen receptor-α-expressing breast cancers can be recapitulated using exogenous glucocorticoid receptor ligands instead of fasting to reduce harmful effects.

The research explores how ultrasound-based human-machine interfaces generalize across a wide variety of situations and participants. Robustness was achieved, with new users able to control virtual hands without the need for calibration.

This study examines how multimodal large language models evaluate hate speech. Larger models can make context-sensitive decisions aligned with human judgement. However, pervasive demographic and lexical biases remain, and visual identity cues may amplify disparities.

Nanofibrils constructed from oat protein and carrying iron nanoparticles can increase absorption compared with ferrous sulfate in human studies, offering a promising fortification strategy for treating iron deficiency and improving human nutrition.

Mercury isotopes in Northeast Asia intraplate basalts indicate that the EM1 mantle source contains recycled ancient terrigenous sediments stored in the mantle transition zone for over a billion years, recording long-term deep-Earth volatile cycling.

Here, the authors leverage data from the Tara Oceans expeditions to perform a phylogeny-guided plastid genome-resolved metagenomic survey and provide 660 non-redundant plastid genomes from marine algae. They identify a rare, deep branching plastid lineage of nano-sized algae, describing their diversity, phylogeny, distribution and relevance to our understanding of plastid endosymbioses.

A wide range of policies and actions can be used to address energy insecurity, and there are many actors and institutions to carry them out. This Perspective provides an overview of the many levers, or opportunities, that electricity sector actors have to reduce energy insecurity and affordability in the United States.

Reliably probing rejuvenation and memory effects in spin glasses by means of simulations is difficult. Now, a state-of-the-art numerical study shows that at least three different length scales play a crucial role in aging dynamics of spin glasses.

An analysis of rare genetic variants identifies three genes—MAP1A, ANO8 and ANK2—that have a role in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and investigates the potential underlying biological mechanisms.

Loss-of-function mutations in EP300/KAT3B and CBP/KAT3A have been implicated in the pathogenesis of cancer. Here, the authors reveal that the EP300 protein has a role in mediating replication fork protection at sites of replication stalling and show that EP300-mutated cells recapitulate features of BRCA-deficient cancers.

Antimicrobial resistance continues to be a critical One Health challenge, despite research and policy progress. Building on the past decade of research, this Perspective provides an integrative roadmap for addressing antimicrobial resistance by leveraging the complexities of human and environment interactions.

Researchers mapped mouse facial development, revealing spatially distinct cell populations. Linking these to human genetics, they uncovered how facial features form and are inherited in a composite manner, shedding light on human facial diversity and birth defects.

Despite recent advances with trappedion-based platforms, achieving quantum networks with link efficiency greater than unity on metropolitan scales is still a challenge. Here, the authors demonstrate a multiplexed quantum network generating heralded entanglement at a rate faster than local decoherence.

Electrochemical amine regeneration offers a renewable, low-temperature pathway for CO₂ capture. Here, the authors reveal how anions regulate interfacial copper redox kinetics that control electrochemical CO₂ release using in-situ spectroscopic and computational analyses.

As Nature Aging celebrates its fifth anniversary, the journal asks some of the researchers who contributed to the journal early on to reflect on the past and the future of aging and age-related disease research, the impact of the field on human health now and in the future, and what challenges need to be addressed to ensure sustained progress.

Here the authors applied cryogenic time-resolved electron microscopy with rapid UV photolysis of a caged substrate to elucidate the catalytic mechanism of lipid-sugar transfer within the bacterial membrane by the glycosyltransferase GtrB.

Although natural-killer-cell therapies are safer than T-cell therapies and offer other advantages, they require upgrades to overcome their limited lifespan and susceptibility to immunosuppression.

A predictive study of global flood impacts from 2000 to 2018 finds that democracy, institutional quality, and especially peace, reduce the predicted human cost of flooding, highlighting the importance of achieving SDG16 for mitigating disaster risk.