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The authors study a topological insulator (TI) sandwiched between two magnetic TIs. By keeping one of the magnetic TIs insulating, while tuning the other one into a metallic regime, they find half quantized anomalous Hall conductance, a boundary signature consistent with a quantized axion field.

Wang, Chu, Chen, Wei and colleagues discover a subset of tumour-associated macrophages expressing SLC2A1 whose spatial proximity to CD8⁺ T cells drives resistance to anti-PD-L1 treatment in non-small-cell lung cancer.

Here, in a large-scale clinical trial, the authors associate gut microbiota composition and metabolic status with effectiveness of dietary fiber intervention in prediabetes, and provide a clinically applicable model to guide microbiome-targeted personalized medicine.

Emu3 enables large-scale text, image and video learning based solely on next-token prediction, matching the generation and perception performance of task-specific methods, with implications for the development of scalable and unified multimodal intelligence systems.

RNA base editing offers promise for treating genetic diseases but has faced efficiency limits. Here, authors developed AI-engineered APOBEC enzymes (ProAPOBECs) that enable precise RNA editing in mice, lowering cholesterol and improving autism-like behaviors.

Polycystic ovary syndrome is a common cause of female infertility linked to metabolic and hormonal imbalances. Here, the authors show that androgen driven SLC1A5 upregulation increases glutamine uptake, leading to abnormal follicular development in PCOS via histone deacetylation.

Lu and colleagues show that signaling through the lactate receptor HCAR1 in colorectal tumor cells promotes the recruitment of immunosuppressive CCR2⁺ PMN-MDSCs and that inhibition of HCAR1 by reserpine augments the CD8⁺ T cell-mediated antitumor immune response.

Trained and validated on multimodal data from 14.5 million images from multicountry datasets, a foundation model is shown to increase diagnostic and referral accuracy of clinicians when used as an assistant in a trial involving 16 ophthalmologists and 668 patients.

Nociceptive sensory nerves infiltrate the peripheral trauma area, mediating the biased repair response due to the formation of fibrotic mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) neurogenic niche. Nociceptive sensory neuron-derived nerve growth factor activates the TrkA receptors in MSCs and triggers the Hif1α-Twist1 pathway, driving the differentiation of MSCs into myofibroblasts to mediate fibrosis. TPX-0005 exerts therapeutic effects by inhibiting TrkA to reverse fibrosis.

Here, the authors present Gut Phage Biobank (GPB), containing 104 isolates that target abundant or disease-associated gut bacteria, revealing extensive viral diversity, and provide in vivo evidence for their effects in modulating the microbiome with potential therapeutic applications.

PMEL fibril structure is a long-standing question. Here, the authors resolve the atomic structure and in situ organization of native PMEL lamellae, revealing the assembly mechanism of these functional amyloid fibrils in melanosomes.

All-solid-state batteries offer high energy density and safety but face interfacial and mechanical challenges. Here, authors present a dispersed defect toughening strategy for halide electrolytes, improving mechanical robustness without sacrificing conductivity, advancing practical use of all-solid-state batteries.

Dysregulation of basal progenitor cells induces esophageal tumorigenesis but the underlying mechanism is less explored. Here, the authors show that Jag1/2 deficiency promotes expansion of basal progenitor cells, leading to reduced squamous epithelial differentiation and enhanced formation of squamous cell carcinoma in the foregut.

Natural disasters induce power outages with unequal impacts on poverty and non-poverty counties in China. Climate change will further exacerbate this disparity.

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) cells can utilise the tumour microenvironment to metastasise to the liver. Here the authors show that hepatoctyes overexpress SLIT2 to enable premetastatic niche formation for ROBO1-positive PDAC cells to support the survival of these tumour cells in the liver.

Renal cell carcinoma consists of several subtypes, and recurrence is highly dependent on subtype. Here, the authors develop a multi-classifier using imaging, lncRNA and clinical data to predict recurrence in papillary renal cell carcinoma.

Palladium-catalyzed β-carbon elimination for selective synthesis of diverse heterocyclic skeletons has been a persistent challenge. Here, the authors achieve switchable chemoselective synthesis of C4-carbamoylated indoles and C10-aminophenanthridinones by controlling β-carbon elimination using chlorocarbamates.

Despite various advantages of aluminium batteries, their application is hindered by the use of ionic liquid electrolytes. Here this work shows an organic formulation that is non-corrosive and delivers better performance, opening vast chemical space for electrolyte design.

CDK5 is known to drive glioblastoma tumorigenicity but the downstream molecular mechanism is unknown. Here, the authors show that CDK5 activates STAT3 signalling via the nuclear import of TRIM59, which leads to the degradation of the tumour suppressor macroH2A1.

The authors report a large-scale spin-locking effect of light within a Brownian medium arising from the intrinsic spin–orbit interactions of scattering from multiple individual nanoparticles in a complex disordered system.

Primary biliary cholangitis is a rare, chronic immune-mediated liver disease triggered by environmental exposures in genetically susceptible individuals. Here, the authors investigate the functional mechanism underlying the association of 19p13.3 variants with primary biliary cholangitis.

The authors use data from underwater gliders, satellites and numerical simulations and show that submesoscale motions at ocean eddy edges pump heat upward, forming “warm rings” and a ~ 0.4 °C warming in the Lofoten Basin—a key pathway for Atlantic water heat loss.

EGF receptor (EGFR) amplification and mutation are major drivers in glioma tumorigenesis but this mechanism is not well understood. Here, the authors show EGFR-upregulated H3K23ac binds TRIM24 which recruits STAT3, leading to activation of STAT3 signaling, enhancing EGFR-driven tumorigenesis.

Resistance to tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) is a limitation to their use in treating chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML). Here, the authors show that targeting the ubiquitin peptidase USP47 overcomes TKI resistance and eliminates leukaemia stem/progenitor cells in primary and xenograft CML murine models.

This protocol outlines an extracellular vesicle detection approach in which reagent-loaded liposomes fuse with extracellular vesicles directly in patient blood to sensitively detect RNA within the extracellular vesicles.

Immune checkpoint inhibitors have shown promise in tumour immunotherapy but resistance has been seen. Here using pre-treatment hepatocellular carcinoma patient biopsies from patients scheduled for immunotherapy, the authors implicate BCL9 and show that a BCL9-targeting peptide promotes anti-tumour immunity in mouse models through targeting macrophages and promoting anti-tumour T cell responses.

A molecular interfacial layer optimizes hole transport in tin-based perovskite solar cells, improving energy-level alignment and enhancing hole extraction efficiency.

Neuroendocrine prostate cancer (NEPC) is an aggressive subtype with limited effective therapeutic options. Here, the authors identify the RNA-binding protein ELAVL3 as a driver of differentiation into NEPC via a positive feedback loop with MYCN and demonstrate the use of the repurposed drug pyrvinium pamoate to target this axis using preclinical models of NEPC.

Allergic asthma is episodic and associated with seasonal changes which may have links with UV exposure levels. Here the authors propose a link between UVB exposure and ILC2 function through α-MSH released from the pituitary gland which accumulates in the serum and alters ILC2 function through the MC5R receptor.

Self-assembled monolayer (SAM)-based hole transport layer often suffers from weak interfacial adhesion, poor film uniformity, and limited stability, constraining their scalability. Here, authors in situ anchor SAM during NiOx synthesis, achieving maximum efficiency of 20.21% for large-area modules.

Li et al. demonstrate that SULTR-mediated sulfur input is a pivotal step in regulating nodule senescence, and provide insights for developing strategies to enhance symbiotic nitrogen fixation in legumes by delaying nodule senescence.

Li et al. developed a base-editing system to edit mutations linked to autism. Targeting a mutation in Mef2c restored Mef2c protein levels in several brain regions and reversed behavioral changes in Mef2c-mutant mice.

Direct modulation of protein by artificial catalysts as enzyme mimetics remains hindered by the lack of highly efficient catalytic centers. Here, the authors present the development of artificial protein modulators (APROMs) with protein phosphatase-like characteristics, catalytically reprogram the biological function of α-synuclein.

A novel magnetized plasma rotator based on Frequency-Variable Faraday Rotation (FVFR) in the nonlinear plasma wake is put forward, which can manipulate efficiently the polarization of relativistic mid to far-infrared optical pulses and even THz waves.

Chronic care manages long-term, progressive conditions, while acute care handles short-term ones. Here, authors show chronic conditions account for most of the global health burden, with 68% of DALYs and 93% of YLDs attributed to chronic care needs.

Primary dysmenorrhoea, the most common gynaecologic complaint, remains genetically and pathophysiologically elusive. Here, Li and colleagues identify common variants inZMIZ1 and near NGFconferring risk for primary dysmenorrhoea using genome-wide association study in a Chinese population.

Early and accurate clinical assessment of disease severity in COVID-19 patients is essential for planning the allocation of scarce hospital resources. An explainable machine learning tool trained on blood sample data from 485 patients from Wuhan selected three biomarkers for predicting mortality of individual patients with high accuracy.

Depletion of tribbles pseudokinase 3 (TRIB3) is known to suppress the expression of several tumor-promoting factors, including EGFR. Here, the authors show that TRIB3 interacts with EGFR and regulates its stability and activity, and perturbing EGFR-TRIB3 interaction attenuates NSCLC progression by accelerating EGFR degradation.

A metabolic-enzyme-like nanocatalyst is reported, dubbed ‘artificial metabzyme’. Tumour cells can be metabolically reprogrammed to autonomously modulate and interact with immune cells, facilitating tumour-cell-specific metabolic therapy.

This randomized trial assessed the effectiveness and safety of single blastocyst transfer vs single cleavage-stage embryo transfer among women with good prognosis. Here, the authors show improved cumulative live birth rates and relatively unfavorable perinatal outcomes after blastocyst transfer.

Microglia are professional phagocytes in the CNS. However, which cells scavenge corpses of microglia is largely neglected. Peng and colleagues found that nonprofessional phagocytes (astrocyte) phagocytose the debris of professional phagocytes (microglia).