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Chemotherapy-induced intestinal toxicity limits treatment efficacy. Here, the authors show that myeloid-derived L-kynurenine exacerbates this damage by depleting Lactobacillus johnsonii, which activates the TNFα/JNK pathway to drive epithelial apoptosis.

Release of the zero-COVID policy in China in late 2022 led to two large Omicron-driven waves of infection in 2023. Here, the authors analyze virus genomes and serology data from before and after the two waves and describe changes in virus lineage distribution and age-specific antibody responses.

Bacteria can infect tumour cells which may affect the biological characteristics of the tumour or even the therapeutic outcome. Here authors show that Stenotrophomonas, upon entering tumour cells, trigger endoplasmic reticulum stress, leading to STING degradation and inhibition of MHC-II⁺ macrophages, which ultimately cause tumour progression and immunotherapy resistance.

The first known local mpox outbreak in Guangdong Province, China occurred in June 2023. Here, the authors perform phylogenetic and molecular evolution analysis of ten mpox virus genome sequences from this outbreak, and place them in the context of other samples detected in surrounding regions.

Several genes in regulating flowering time have been identified in soybean, but the epigenetic regulators are still largely unknown. Here, the authors identify GmLDL2, a histone H3K4me1/2 demethylase, as a crucial flowering time regulator in soybean.

Conventional closed batteries are constrained by the electrical energy efficiency of 100%. Here, authors develop an open decoupled battery with an efficiency of 375% at 10 mA cm−2 through a three electrodynamic-potential design, realizing waste-to-energy conversion and electricity amplification.

Here they establish an NTR-based genetic ablation tool in axolotls to investigate the function of specific cells. They use this system to demonstrate the capacity of ependymoglial cells for central nervous system regeneration.

There are similarities in airway inflammatory endotype between eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis (EGPA) and type 2 eosinophilic asthma. Here, the authors perform single-cell transcriptomics to compare EGPA with severe eosinophilic asthma and find differences in the innate immune cell populations and use mouse models to characterise the function and phenotype of these cells.

The study uses whole-genome sequencing to analyze 120 local geese and 5 museum goose samples to understand the genetic diversity and relationships of Guangdong geese and identify the history of breed formation

Less is known about the entire microbial pathogen profile of small mammals. Here, the authors analyse 2,408 tissue-resolved metatranscriptomes to map the infectome in small mammals, uncovering high viral, bacterial, fungal and parasitic diversity and showing how geography, hosts, and seasons shape zoonotic risk.

The molecular heterogeneity of brain metastases (BrMs) poses challenges for their treatment. Here, the authors generate a multi-omic, single cell, and spatially resolved atlas of 1,032 pan-cancer BrMs and identify four molecular subtypes with distinct biological and clinical features.

Sweet potato weevils (SPWs) pose one of the most significant challenges to sweet potato production. This study identifies two major SPW-resistant genes, SPWR1/2, and provides new insights into the mechanism of sweet potato defence against SPWs.

Authors overcome the “oxo-wall” effect of Co(IV) = O complexes, offering the lamellar Ce-Co tetra-(4-carboxyphenyl) porphyrin framework membrane for sustainable Co(IV) = O-mediated advanced oxidation processes in water treatment.

2D transition metal nitrides (TMNs) exhibit various interesting physical properties, such as tunable magnetism, but their synthesis remains challenging. Here, the authors report the growth of 15 different types of 2D TMN crystals with tunable magnetic properties by using metastable metal chlorides as transient templates.

Defect formation and phase instability remain critical challenges for perovskite/organic tandem solar cells. Jiang et al. address this by designing an additive to modulate the crystallization thermodynamics of wide-bandgap perovskite, achieving a record efficiency of 22.1% in a flexible cell.

Circulating N-glycomics studies have shown alterations in multiple cancer types. Here, the authors show that blood-based glycome patterns on proteins can be used to predict liver damage and liver cancer development.

Sclerostin impairs whole-body lipidandglucosemetabolism. Here, the authors further demonstrate that adipocytic sclerostin loop3-LRP4 interactionparticipatesin the impairment effect of sclerostin on whole-body lipid and glucose metabolism.

Spatiotemporal coordination of cellular and molecular events is crucial for cell fate commitment. Here, Yang et al. describe how transcription factors, signaling pathways, and epigenomic states regulate left-right patterning and axial mesendoderm lineage commitment during mouse gastrulation.

The potential of detecting acidic tumor microenvironment (TME) is explored for early cancer diagnosis and treatment. Here, this group reports a pH-responsive ratiometric photoacoustic sensor that dynamically monitors TME acidity throughout HCC initiation, progression, and metastasis.

Simulations show that primordial Mg deposited to the core through the Moon-forming giant impact can decrease the sound velocity of Fe-rich liquids, providing a viable explanation for the low seismic velocity in the Earth’s outermost outer core.

In osteoporotic fracture-related infection (FRI), coordinated bone healing is compromised by cortical bone lysis and persistent bacterial colonization. Here, Li et al. report a dual-action nanocomposite bisphosphonates hydrogel for treatment of osteoporotic FRI that preserves cortical bone integrity and restores fracture healing.

The development of sustainable water oxidation catalysts is crucial for hydrogen production, yet cobalt-based materials often suffer from instability. Here, the authors report that co-doping LiCoO₂ with nickel, iron, and palladium yields a durable electrode with stability of over 2,000 hours.

Eukaryotic Fanzor proteins are compact and advantageous for delivery, but their activity remains limited. Here, the authors engineer an improved Fanzor2 system (evoMmeFz2) using structure-guided and AI-assisted strategies to enable efficient exon skipping in a Duchenne muscular dystrophy model.

Although having potentially useful applications, development of organogels that absorb nonpolar liquids is challenging. Here, the authors report the development of organogels with a nanowire-polymer networks, capable of absorbing and gelating nonpolar organic liquids.

Seed traits are critical for soybean yield and quality. Here, the authors report a NF-YA transcription factor gene SW14 regulates soybean seed traits without affecting other agronomic traits by inhibiting GmLEC1-mediated transcriptional activation.

Immiscibility limits the performance of positive mixing enthalpy alloys. Here, the authors apply ultrafast sintering and quenching to fabricate mechanically interlocked Cu-Fe composites with good strength and conductivity.

Nanopore direct RNA sequencing is hindered by high basecalling error rates. Here, the authors introduce Coral, a dual context-aware basecaller using a Transformer encoder-decoder architecture to improve accuracy, enabling superior transcript isoform discovery and allele-specific analysis.

Acne is a common skin disease caused by the anaerobic Cutibacterium acnes. Here, the authors report a microneedles patch loaded with near infrared-driven self-oxygenating ZnO₂@PDA-MnO₂ nanomotors for photothermal therapy of acne.

NIID is a neurodegenerative disease caused by GGC repeat expansions within NOTCH2NLC gene. Here, authors develop a precise gene-editing therapy that effectively treats the disease in multiple models.

The role of protein UFMylation in cancer remains to be understood. Here the authors show that UFM1-specific ligase 1 and AKT positively regulate each other through UFMylation and phosphorylation in breast cancer cells, which could be therapeutically targeted by a cell-penetrating peptide through disrupting UFL1-AKT interaction.

The integration of high-κ dielectrics with low equivalent oxide thickness (EOT) is crucial for the development of 2D transistors. Here, the authors report the low-temperature fabrication of wafer-scale HfO₂ dielectric films with sub-5-Å EOT and their application for the realization of high-performance 2D MoS₂ transistors and circuits.

Online learning of rich spiking dynamics remains a major challenge in scalable neuromorphic modeling. Here, the authors introduce BrainTrace, an automated, memory-efficient framework that enables general online learning up to whole-brain scale.

Multi-omics profiling of the mucosal mycobiome in individuals with Crohn’s disease identifies C. sphaerospermum as a protective fungal species that counteracts intestinal inflammation and reinforces the intestinal barrier.