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It remains unclear whether and how endometrial dysfunction leads to infertility in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), independent of the ovary. Here, the authors show that elevated ERα and histone lactylation impair endometrial receptivity in PCOS and serve as potential therapeutic targets.

The existence of a long-lived, prethermal regime in many-body systems with tunable heating rates, driven by structured random protocols, is observed using a 78-qubit superconducting quantum processor.

Large-effect variants in autism remain elusive. Here, the authors use long-read sequencing to assemble phased genomes for 189 individuals, identifying pathogenic variants in TBL1XR1, MECP2, and SYNGAP1, plus nine candidate structural variants missed by short-read methods.

LINE-1 retrotransposons are implicated in aging, but their role in cardiac aging specifically is not well understood. Here the authors show that LINE-1 expression rises in mouse hearts with age. Genetic LINE-1 derepression is accompanied by cGAS–STING activation and cardiac dysfunction, while pharmacological inhibition of LINE-1 or STING improves cardiac function in aged mice.

The Taiwan Precision Medicine Initiative recruited and genotyped more than half a million Taiwanese participants, almost all of Han Chinese ancestry, and performed comprehensive genomic analyses and developed polygenic risk score prediction models for numerous health conditions.

The authors demonstrated a kilometer-scale optomechanical sensor network by integrating multiple fiber-optic optomechanical sensors into a standard single-mode fiber, enabling realtime monitoring of spatial DC and AC magnetic field variations induced by moving targets.

YTHDC2 is a promising therapeutic target, but lacks potent inhibitors. Yang et al. develop a deep learning-based molecule generator EPMolGen. Using this model, they discover a potent, selective, and cell-active small molecule inhibitor of YTHDC2.

cellSTAAR advances noncoding rare variant association analysis by integrating single-cell genomics data.

The Taiwan Precision Medicine Initiative (TPMI) has built a cohort of more than half a million individuals with Han Chinese ancestry, providing a rich resource of genetic and medical data for this group.

Retrons are bacterial genetic retroelements implicated in anti-phage defense. Here, the authors characterize the quaternary retron system Ec78 and elucidate the biochemical mechanisms underlying Ec78-mediated prokaryotic immunity.

The oxygen evolution reaction enables many clean energy technologies, but most acid-unstable catalysts still block deployment. Here the authors report a temperature dependent mechanistic evolution in RhRu3Ox that links reaction pathways to stability, enabling durable acidic water electrolysis.

Cysteinyl leukotriene receptor CysLT2R can be activated by cysteinyl leukotrienes LTC4, LTD4 and LTE4, and is associated with various inflammatory diseases. Here, authors present cryo-EM structures of CysLT2R-Gq bound to LTC4 and LTD4, which are characterized as ago-allosteric modulators of CysLT2R.

Organic heterojunction nanoparticles composed of all-small-molecule photovoltaic materials achieve (sub)nanometer-scale diameters, overcoming the size constraints of widely used polymer nanoparticles and enabling enhanced photocatalytic performance.

An intratumoural vaccination chimera reprograms tumour cells into an antigen-presenting state with restored anti-tumour immunity.

This study introduces a nano-confined CuRu catalyst that leverages confinement effects to enhance CO₂–nitrate C–N coupling by improving reactant transport and strengthening the stabilization of key reaction intermediates, thereby achieving high urea yield and long-term operational stability.

Difunctionalization of readily available alkenes is a powerful method to quickly build molecular complexity. Here the authors report a three-component, oxidative carboamination between alkenes, alkyl nitriles and amines, producingγ-amino alkyl nitriles.

Authors report cryo-EM structures of AL amyloid fibrils from the kidney of a male patient with renal AL amyloidosis. Comparison to previous heart-derived fibrils reveals variations linked to sequence differences and insights into fibril assembly and organ tropism in AL amyloidosis.

Authors in this study discover a CCKBR agonist MF-8 with β-arrestin bias. This biased agonist can reduce other CCKBR signaling pathways, including Gαs-induced cAMP and Gαq/11-induced calcium signaling, thereby inhibiting the CCKBR-LTP. This discovery provides us with new ideas for developing drugs targeting CCKBR.

METTL3 promotes healthy placenta function by regulating m⁶A methylation and histone epigenetics. Deficiency in METTL3 leads to premature senescence, inflammation activation of trophoblasts, contributing to pregnancy complications like preeclampsia.

Here the authors reveal a study of 486,956 Han Chinese individuals showing that most people with genetic variants affecting drug response do not have the predicted adverse events, highlighting the challenges of implementing pharmacogenetics in clinical practice.

Optimizing the crystallization of the active materials in organic solar cells is challenging. Fu et al. use an acenaphthene additive to induce a two-step crystallization of the non-fullerene acceptor, achieving a certified 20.5% power conversion efficiency.

By resonant excitation of an InAs quantum dot embedded in a microcavity, a deterministic single-photon source is demonstrated. Single-photon purity of 0.9795(6), photon indistinguishability of 0.9856(13), and an overall end-to-end efficiency of 0.712(18) are simultaneously obtained.

Some pathogens manipulate host ferroptosis, a type of programmed cell death, for pathogenesis. Here, the authors show that Pseudomonas aeruginosa uses a quorum sensing metabolite to induce ferroptosis in macrophages through a methylation pathway.

The sluggish hydrogen oxidation reaction hinders the development of anion exchange membrane fuel cells. Here, the authors develop high-curvature RuIr CNCs that induce an O-down water orientation, thereby strengthening hydrogen-bond networks and reducing proton transfer barriers.

This work describes FX-Cell and its derivatives to achieve single-cell RNA sequencing from challenging and cryopreserved plant tissues, expanding the scope of single-cell genomics across field-grown samples.

This study reveals how Tau pathology in spinal neurons contributes to early tactile deficits in Alzheimer’s disease, linking sensory dysfunction to cognitive decline. It highlights potential peripheral biomarkers and new therapeutic targets beyond the brain.

MXene fibers inspired by the structure of deer antlers achieve >1 GPa strength, >130 MJ m^-3 toughness, and >10,500 S cm^-1 conductivity through interface engineering and microporosity modulation for advanced wearables.

The photochemical transformations of aryl thiols to other functional groups have been scarcely explored. Here the authors present a carboxylation of aryl thiols using 1 atmosphere of CO₂ under photoirradiative conditions, a methodology which can be extended to the degradation of polyphenylene sulfide.

Federated learning (FL) algorithms have emerged as a promising solution to train models for healthcare imaging across institutions while preserving privacy. Here, the authors describe the Federated Tumor Segmentation (FeTS) challenge for the decentralised benchmarking of FL algorithms and evaluation of Healthcare AI algorithm generalizability in real-world cancer imaging datasets.

Few-layer-thick 2D materials offer desirable electronic, thermal and mechanical properties, but their large-scale layer-controlled synthesis is still challenging. Here, the authors report an edge-feeding synchronous epitaxial growth method to synthesize homogeneous A3-sized graphene films with controlled thickness between 2 and 7 layers.

Soil viruses may impact soil carbon cycle. Here, the authors use metagenomic analysis of contaminated soil and 13 C labeled microcosm incubation to show that the DNA viral community enhances microbial carbon fixation capacity via auxiliary metabolic genes.

Ductal lavage represents a treatment option for idiopathic granulomatous mastitis. Here, the authors report the results of a randomized clinical trial, indicating that ductal lavage followed by observation is non-inferior to oral corticosteroids

In a phase 1 trial, the co-infusion of CD19-targeting and BCMA-targeting CAR-T cells in adults with treatment-refractory lupus was safe and had promising efficacy, with most patients achieving remission after 3 months.

Polygenic scores for body mass index and obesity constructed using data from 5 million people with different ancestries were associated with distinct weight gain trajectories from early childhood to adulthood.

Lu et al. characterize cis-regulatory element dynamics at different stages of colorectal cancer progression and identify a functional variant associated with increased colorectal cancer risk because of selective transcription factor binding.

Integrative analyses of transcriptome and whole-genome sequencing data for 1,188 tumours across 27 types of cancer are used to provide a comprehensive catalogue of RNA-level alterations in cancer.

Angle tunability in twisted bilayer graphene is crucial in promoting its applications of twistronics. Here an angle replication strategy is developed to obtain centimetre-scale bilayer graphene with arbitrary twist angles.