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Euglenophytes evolved via secondary endosymbiosis, exemplifying plastid evolution. Here, the authors solve Euglena gracilis’ photosystem I structure, revealing specific protein organizations and structural features for far-red light absorption. This work informs the engineering of photosystem.

Oncolytic viruses are an approved therapeutic approach for glioblastoma, but, unfortunately, they are efficacious only in some patients. Here, the authors discover that LRRK2 inhibitors enhance viral infection and oncolysis by oncolytic herpes simplex virus (oHSV) in glioblastoma.

While atomic disorder normally promotes glassy states, in some rare cases long-range magnetic order can persist. However, the mechanism, and microscopic characters, remain elusive. Here, Shen et al combine neutron diffraction and resonant X-ray scattering to shed light on the formation of long-range magnetic order in a high-entropy honeycomb van der Waals magnet.

Electronic chirality is a fascinating but still poorly understood phenomenon. Here, the authors show that CuPc molecules on bilayer graphene exhibit electronic chirality driven by twisted π–π interactions, which can be reversibly switched using an STM tip.

Bioisosteric replacement of benzenes with caged hydrocarbons can form enhanced lead compounds with improved drug-like properties, but synthetic challenges limit their application. Now, a collective strategy for synthesizing saturated bioisosteres of 1,2,4-trisubstituted and disubstituted benzenes has been developed. This strategy involves constructing 2-thiabicyclo[3.1.1]heptane scaffolds via cycloaddition of bicyclo[1.1.0]butanes and mercaptoacetaldehyde.

Fuwen Wei, Jun Wang and colleagues report whole-genome sequencing of 34 wild giant pandas. Their population genetic analysis provides insights into demographic history and local adaptation.

Façade-integrated photovoltaics (FIPV) present a promising yet early-stage solution for mitigating building emissions. Combining global building datasets, climate projections and façade-scale simulations, researchers estimate that FIPV could deliver substantial economic and climate benefits.

Producing multi-carbon fuels from carbon dioxide requires catalysts that remain stable under reaction conditions. Here, the authors report operando evidence identifies stable Cu²⁺ sites that enable efficient and selective ethylene generation.

Yang et al. compare neoadjuvant triple therapy versus direct hepatectomy in patients with resectable intermediate or advanced hepatocellular carcinoma. The findings indicate that the neoadjuvant regimen improves overall and event-free survival but is associated with a higher risk of serious adverse events and postoperative complications.

Urothelial bladder cancer (UC) progression occurs as a multi-step process that leads to different kinds of lesions and subtypes. Here, the authors characterise benign and invasive lesions that occur during UC progression using proteogenomics in patient samples and show critical molecular pathways and prognostic associations.

Efficiency loss in thick film organic solar cells is a bottleneck for scalable manufacturing. Here, the authors present an exciton spin-manipulation strategy to extend exciton diffusion length and reduce non-radiative recombination losses.

Lampreys are jawless vertebrates that can offer unique insights into vertebrate evolution. Here they generate a comprehensive cell atlas of the lamprey, uncovering 70 distinct cell types across 14 tissues, and identify pancreas-like cells in the lamprey small intestine.

Satellite data and experiments show heatwaves and extreme rain more than gradual warming drive lake algal blooms by accumulating phosphorus and forming dense particles to sink to cooler water, and pre-heatwave rainfall intensifies their outbreaks.

Limited muscle force hampers progress in biohybrid robots. The authors present an autonomous self‑training platform that strengthens engineered muscles, enabling high‑force actuators that power a fast and precisely controlled swimming robot.

Water tariff reforms are most effective when price increases build on familiar designs. Staggered and well-communicated reforms can cut household water use by an additional four percentage points.

Liu et al. report Chinese normative lifespan brain charts showing later neurodevelopmental milestones than those detected in Western cohorts. Individual deviations from these norms are valuable in assessing clinical risk and outcomes.

IBI318 is a recombinant bispecific IgG1 antibody that targets PD-1 and PD-L1. Here the authors report the results of a phase II trial of IBI318 combined with the receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor lenvatinib in patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer with acquired resistance to first-line immune checkpoint inhibitors.

Currently reported early-diagnostic method for Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma (PDAC) tends to be invasive and usually time-consuming. Here, this group reports an early diagnostic method of PDAC using a signal-enhanced lateral flow immunoassay which can generate a strong colorimetric signal through multiple hotspots formed by plasmonic gold nanoparticles assembled on silica nanoparticles.

METTL3 can regulate mitophagy and fibroblast-like synoviocyte senescence through m6A modification, affecting the stability of PINK1 mRNA and thereby promoting the progression of TMJOA

Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) is aggressive with limited therapeutic options. Here, authors find that loss of CRACD induces neuroendocrine plasticity and immune evasion and suggest manipulating the CRACD-EZH2-MHC-I axis as a potential therapeutic strategy for SCLC.

Identifying modifiable factors for cardiovascular health is becoming increasingly important. Here, the authors demonstrate that eating within shorter, earlier time windows is associated with lower cardiovascular risk in Chinese children. Multi-omics analysis suggests that lipid metabolism pathways may mediate these effects.

An integrated photonics scheme is presented for the manufacture of communication systems supporting the use of fibre and wireless infrastructures simultaneously, addressing the long-standing bandwidth mismatch between the two domains and demonstrating ultrahigh data rates.

Oxaloacetate is sensed by MDH1, which primes innate immune antiviral defence against influenza virus infection, thus resulting in the activation of ETS2 to promote TBK1-centred type I interferon signalling.

Humanity’s Last Exam, a multi-modal benchmark at the frontier of human knowledge, is designed to be an expert-level closed-ended academic benchmark with broad subject coverage.

Toxicity of antibody drug conjugates (ADCs) is often caused by off-target shedding of therapeutic payloads due to linker instability. Here, the authors demonstrate that site-specific ligase-dependent conjugation of therapeutic payloads to engineered trastuzumab via a ring-opening linker improves stability compared to conventional HER2- targeting ADCs.

The role of protein UFMylation in cancer remains to be understood. Here, the authors show that UFM1-specific ligase 1 and AKT positively regulate each other through UFMylation and phosphorylation, facilitating lipid synthesis and breast tumor growth.

Dysregulation in proteolysis contributes to brain tumorigenesis. Here the authors report that USP10 deubiquitinase is enriched in glioma stem cells (GSCs), which antagonizes DTX3L-mediated ubiquitination of SATB2, a major driver of GSC proliferation and self-renewal.

This study discovers giant negative thermal expansion (volume contraction) in PrMnO₃ above 1000 K, linked to a unique 3D network of elongated chemical bonds, offering a new design strategy for high-temperature volume contraction materials.

Mechanism of CD8 T cell dysfunction in tumor microenvironment requires continuous investigation. The authors here show that Lypd6b expression is increased in CD8 T cells of colorectal cancer tissue and its absence inhibits MC38 or CMT-93 tumor growth associated with upregulated glycolysis and reduced oxidative phosphorylation.

Nociceptive sensory nerves infiltrate the peripheral trauma area, mediating the biased repair response due to the formation of fibrotic mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) neurogenic niche. Nociceptive sensory neuron-derived nerve growth factor activates the TrkA receptors in MSCs and triggers the Hif1α-Twist1 pathway, driving the differentiation of MSCs into myofibroblasts to mediate fibrosis. TPX-0005 exerts therapeutic effects by inhibiting TrkA to reverse fibrosis.

Intestinal mucin 1 (MUC1) is a glycosylated protein that maintains intestinal epithelial barrier (IEB) integrity. Here, the authors show that reduced intestinal MUC1 levels and glycosylation facilitate metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) progression by impairing IEB integrity, via clathrin-mediated endocytosis and NEDD4-mediated lysosomal degradation of MUC1 (triggered by decreased glycosylation).

Polycrystalline disorder often obscures the proton conduction pathways and mechanisms in covalent organic frameworks. Here, the authors functionalize 3D crystalline covalent organic frameworks under solvent-free conditions achieving anhydrous superprotonic conductivity and studied the mechanism behind.

Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is a chronic liver disease with complex disease mechanisms. Here the authors report that the E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase Trim31 mitigates development of NASH via inhibition of rhomboid 5 homolog 2 (Rhbdf2) in mice.

In situ quasi-2D perovskite nanosheet films and high-performance LEDs.

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) cells can utilise the tumour microenvironment to metastasise to the liver. Here the authors show that hepatoctyes overexpress SLIT2 to enable premetastatic niche formation for ROBO1-positive PDAC cells to support the survival of these tumour cells in the liver.

Preclinical studies have shown synergy in the combination of tifcemalimab (anti-BTLA antibody) with toripalimab (anti-PD-1 antibody) in lymphoma. Here, the authors report a clinical trial investigating tifcemalimab alone and in combination with toripalimab in patients with relapsed or refractory lymphoma.