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The reverse water–gas shift reaction is crucial for CO₂ conversion using renewable hydrogen, but simultaneously achieving high activity, selectivity, and stability in catalysts remains a challenge. Here, the authors introduce a near-surface “quasi-hyperbaric” ammonia strategy that integrates atmospheric-pressure processing with in situ ammonia decomposition to synthesize a high-energy Mo₂N-based catalyst capable of overcoming these trade-offs.

This study reveals a hierarchical development of the brain’s structural connectome from infancy to childhood, characterized by distinct sensorimotor-association trajectories and alignment with multiple neurobiological hierarchies.

Most kiwifruit species are vulnerable to high levels of heat stress. Here, the authors report natural variation at the GATA transcription factor binding site of EGY3 gene mediates chloroplastic ROS homeostasis to confer kiwifruit thermotolerance.

Sealing of puncture points after interventional surgeries is a vital requirement, but large diameter sheaths and transapical punctures present a significant challenge for wound closure. Here, the authors present a water-activated tissue adhesive patch designed for quick and strong adhesion to blood vessel and heart tissue surfaces after surgery.

Wan et al. identify MEA1 as a chaperone that promotes assembly of the AP1 adaptor complex and is essential for cargo transport. MEA1 and AAGAB cooperate through a dual-chaperone mechanism that may be broadly applicable to protein complex assembly.

Papaya is a trioecious species with XX females, XY males, and XY^h hermaphrodites, and the combination of Y and Y^h chromosomes is lethal. Here, the authors identify the degeneration of the YY lethality gene on the Y chromosome as the causal balancing lethal factor that reenforces dioecy and stabilizes balanced sex ratios.

Decreasing salt-to-solvent molar ratio without sacrificing electrochemical performance remains a challenge in high-performance lithium metal batteries. Here, authors show that compatibility of fluorobenzene-diluted 1,2-dimethoxyethane-based electrolyte with Li metal is reduced in smaller salt-to-solvent molar ratios and design a fluorobenzene-diluted dimethyl acetal-based electrolyte with significantly enhanced stability towards Li metal under a reduced Li salt concentration.

A self-powered symbiotic transcatheter pacemaker that regenerates energy via electromagnetic induction from the cardiac motion demonstrates a month-long operation in a porcine model of arrhythmia and surpasses the critical energy condition for lifelong service.

A new architecture based on high-valence sulfur/sulfur tetrachloride cathode chemistry is described for manufacturing high-voltage anode-free sodium–sulfur batteries, demonstrating promise for applications in grid energy storage and wearable electronics.

A soft robotic probe enables continuous in utero monitoring of fetal physiological parameters, including heart rate, blood oxygen saturation, temperature and electrocardiogram data, during open or fetoscopic surgery to provide real-time information on fetal condition and distress.

Introduction of maize cultivation, rapid population growth, and extensive deforestation triggered a persistent shift toward open landscapes after the 18th century, as revealed by a multi-proxy reconstruction of five centuries of land use and vegetation change in the karst landscapes of Southwest China.

Lactate fuels cancer growth by activating ERK signaling through GCN5-mediated lactylation of ERK, which disrupts ERK–MEK interactions. Development of a cell-penetrating peptide blocking lactylation slows KRAS-mutant tumor development.

Chen et al. show that redox signals activate ADAR1 to fix faulty RNA pieces during DNA copying, ensuring smooth replication and protecting genome stability.

The short Argonaute-based bacterial defence system SPARDA exhibits collateral nuclease activity during phage infection. Here, the authors show that target DNA-induced filament assembly of SPARDA leads to tetramerization and activation of the DREN nuclease domain.

Tailored non-aqueous electrolyte solutions are formulated using data obtained from extensive analytical measurements and analyses. These optimized electrolytes improve the cycling performance of single-layer stack lithium metal pouch cells, particularly in lean electrolyte conditions.

Lithium metal battery performance is optimized using a delocalized electrolyte design that induces a disordered solvation microenvironment, thereby combining the advantages of the solvent-dominated and anion-dominated structures of conventional electrolytes.

Larger LLMs’ self-attention more accurately predicts readers’ regressive saccades and fMRI responses in language regions, whereas instruction tuning adds no benefit.

Serotonin (5-HT) and its derivative melatonin are versatile physiological regulators. Here, the authors report that abscisic acid induces 5-HT biosynthesis via the ABI5 transcription factor in rice.

Using siRNA screening, Chen et al demonstrate that Rab27a and its effector SYTL4 mediate the transport of influenza viral membrane proteins to the plasma membrane, highlighting their role in virion assembly and identifying SYTL4 as a potential therapeutic target for antiviral drug development.

Oxides with a face-centred cubic anion sublattice are generally not considered as solid-state electrolytes. Li superionic conductivity in face-centred cubic oxides with face-sharing Li configurations have now been created through cation over-stoichiometry in rocksalt-type lattices via excess Li.

This Review provides a comprehensive discussion of how methods in machine learning and computer vision have been used to improve super-resolution microscopy to gain insights into subcellular biology.

Lai et al. show a function of astrocytic Ca²⁺ in preventing synaptic depotentiation by reducing repetitive dendritic activity in the motor cortex during motor training, thereby contributing to learning-dependent neuronal circuit modification.

A model, trained to generate synthetic, patient-specific angiography images, reduced radiation exposure to patients and clinicians by two-thirds in a multicenter randomized controlled trial involving 1,068 patients.

Derivation of atomic arrangements of short-range-order from diffused intensity pattern in reciprocal space for Li-excess cation-disordered rocksalt cathode remains as a challenge. Here, the authors reveal the short-range-order is a convolution of three basic types: tetrahedron, octahedron, and cube.

Probiotic therapy for colorectal cancer is limited by the poor tumor targeting and low intratumoral activity. The authors show that manganese-engineered L. reuteri with glycerol (MnLR/Gly) accumulates in colorectal tumors, produces cancer-selective metabolites, activates antitumor immunity, and achieves potent, durable tumor suppression in preclinical models.

EchoPrime, a video-based foundation artificial intelligence model for echocardiography, is presented.

Spatially resolved transcriptomic, metabolomic and proteomic analyses of human liver samples highlight the role of lipid-associated macrophages in metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease.

Earth-abundant, inexpensive cathode materials are highly desirable for the sustainable development of batteries. Here the researchers report that a manganese-rich, cation-disordered rock salt material exhibits—via an in situ phase transition to a partially disordered spinel phase during cycling—potentially high energy density and rate capability.

METTL3 promotes healthy placenta function by regulating m⁶A methylation and histone epigenetics. Deficiency in METTL3 leads to premature senescence, inflammation activation of trophoblasts, contributing to pregnancy complications like preeclampsia.

Using computational and experimental methods, Ouyang and Chen et al. reveal a drug design principle that the hydrophobic properties of small-molecule drugs significantly influence their ability to engage with and effectively target phase-separated proteins.

Growth factor signalling has been shown to alleviate tissue fibrosis and promote repair. Here, the authors use fibroblast growth factor 7 (FGF7) knockout mice and an FGF7-loaded hydrogel to show that this factor can promote functional regeneration of tendon.

The authors introduce an evidential deep learning framework for machine learning interatomic potentials that efficiently provides robust uncertainty quantification, demonstrating its effectiveness across diverse atomic systems.

A method to synthesize non-van der Waals MAX phases and van der Waals layered early transition metal Xide chalcogenides (TMXCs) is developed through editing of covalent M–A/M–X sublayers. Exfoliated monolayer TMXCs resemble MXenes but feature tunable oxidation states, making the materials promising for applications in energy storage and catalysis.

The key regulators driving intrinsic immune responses and neuropathic pain remain elusive. Here, the authors elucidate that ZFP612-mediated epigenetic disinhibition of Il1rl1 within the 3D genome in dorsal root ganglion neurons causes neuropathic pain.

Direct regioselective C-3 halogenation of pyridines is achieved using ether solvents, and interactions between the pyridine substrate, ether solvent and haleniums play a dominant role in the reactivity and regioselectivity. The simple conditions and broad functional group tolerance make this protocol practical for late-stage synthesis and modification of bioactive molecules.

This work presents a portable nanofiber-based imaging technique that uses luminescent nanofibers to achieve high-resolution replication of human skin textures, such as fingerprints, with fine morphological details, including sweat pores, ridges, and scars.

A directional electrodynamic decomposition method using a LaNiO₃ sacrificial layer is proposed for freestanding films. It boosts oxide film release rate to 600 mm² /min via electric field-enhanced adsorption energy and electron transfer.