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Oocyte-specific isoforms play crucial roles in oocyte maturation. This study utilizes single-cell full-length isoform sequencing to unveil the diversity of RNA isoforms, as well as TE co-option for novel isoform generation and isoform stability during human and mouse oocyte maturation.

In maize, ZmDapF1 suppresses the activity of ZmMDH6 in chloroplasts, exacerbating oxidative damage under drought. Knocking out ZmDapF1 or using its favourable allele with lower gene expression enhances drought resilience without yield penalty.

The authors propose an asynchronous sublattice distortion mechanism to elucidate the complex phase transitions in HfO₂-based materials. The phase transitions among the orthorhombic, tetragonal, and monoclinic phases are governed by the orientation of the orthorhombic phase.

The crystal structure of the CHS-CHIL complex reveals a gating mechanism that enhances CHS activity and specificity. This conserved regulatory paradigm, validated by engineering a CHIL variant, offers strategies to improve flavonoid production in plants.

In this study, the authors identify a microcircuit containing three subgroups of neurons associated with sensory-induced escape in the mouse temporal association cortex (TeA): sensory, sensory-motor decision and motor command neurons.

In this study, the authors present two distinct neuronal subpopulations, sharing a speed encoding model, in the mouse dorsal periaqueductal grey, controlling running and backing away behaviors, respectively.

Ordered antihedgehog polar lattices are engineered in antiferroelectric PbZrO₃ thin films via interfacial dislocation networks. The authors reveal that these ordered topological structures originate from mismatch.

Emulating biological vision with dual functions of photoreceptors and photosynapses through light-modulated ion transport presents a significant challenge. Here, the authors present a light-regulated nanofluidic iontronic device that can mimic the dual visual functionalities with adjustable polarity-switching behaviour.

Electrochemical advanced oxidation water treatment processes (EAOPs) can help achieve a sustainable water cycle but remain challenging to scale up and implement. This study presents a flow-through EAOP device design that features good scalability and exhibits high practical application potential.

Robust underwater adhesion to diverse hydrated and lipidic substrates remains challenging. Now it has been shown that a barnacle-inspired, dilution-resistant coacervate superspreads on such surfaces, enabling interfacial infiltration and in situ curing to achieve strong and universal underwater bonding.

The Taiwan Precision Medicine Initiative (TPMI) has built a cohort of more than half a million individuals with Han Chinese ancestry, providing a rich resource of genetic and medical data for this group.

Here the authors reveal a study of 486,956 Han Chinese individuals showing that most people with genetic variants affecting drug response do not have the predicted adverse events, highlighting the challenges of implementing pharmacogenetics in clinical practice.

The Template-Independent Genome Editing for Restoration (TIGER) platform enables efficient and precise correction of frameshift mutations in vivo, incorporates algorithms to score therapeutic guide RNAs and demonstrates restored hearing in a mouse model.

A tiny, articulated, near-complete osteichthyan from the early Silurian Chongqing Lagerstätte, represents the oldest osteichthyan occurrence including microfossils, and the earliest articulated remains of any bony fish in the fossil record.

Merlin, a vision–language foundation model trained on a large dataset of paired CT scans, patient record data and radiology reports, demonstrates strong performance across model architectures, diagnostic and prognostic tasks, and external sites.

Humanity’s Last Exam, a multi-modal benchmark at the frontier of human knowledge, is designed to be an expert-level closed-ended academic benchmark with broad subject coverage.

Researchers found that enhancing the NUT1-Exo70A1 module that governs xylem development can improve maize hydraulic conductivity and water-use efficiency, thereby increasing grain yield. This offers a promising strategy for ensuring food security.

Nature-based carbon projects are widely promoted as delivering both climate and biodiversity benefits. However, carbon accounting requirements can diverge from the needs of biodiversity conservation. This Perspective examines challenges related to additionality, leakage, permanence and unintended social and ecological impacts, highlighting limits to the utility of carbon markets for conservation.

In vivo base editing of a causative mutation that leads to the neurodevelopmental disorder Snijders Blok–Campeau syndrome restores protein dosage and ameliorates molecular and behavioural deficits in a humanized mouse model of the condition.

Neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy has become the standard of care in patients with resectable locally advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (LA-ESCC). Here, authors present a randomised phase II trial reporting the non-inferiority of neoadjuvant camrelizumab (anti-PD-1) and chemotherapy (nab-paclitaxel and cisplatin) compared to chemoradiation (nab-paclitaxel, cisplatin, and radiotherapy in patients with resectable LA-ESCC.

Xu et al. report that inhibition of the F-box protein FBXL2 enhances HER2 expression, rendering HER2-negative breast cancer sensitive to the anti-HER2–drug conjugate trastuzumab deruxtecan.

Materials with polymer-doped chiral organic afterglow are of interest, but spectral diversity is limited. Here, the authors report the development of a material combining polyvinyl alcohol and phosphonic acid derivatives for materials with blue emission afterglow.

This study finds a record-breaking upstream-downstream zonal-consistent variation in the Eurasian jet axis since 1999, which is enhanced with global warming, and induces a circumglobal Silk Road teleconnection, linking climate extremes across the Northern Hemisphere.

Enzymes adapt by sampling new conformations while balancing destabilizing effects of mutations. Here, the authors reveal how TEM-1 β-lactamase acquires cefotaxime resistance through reshaping of dynamic conformational ensembles and localized stability networks, offering insight into the molecular framework of the activity-stability tradeoff.

Although many electromagnetic cloaking schemes exist at different wavelengths, realizing a broadband visible wavelength device is hard. By relaxing the need for phase preservation inherent to most methods, Chen et al.present a ray-optics scheme for cloaking large-scale objects from the human eye.

Optimizing mechanical performance for polymer materials is frequently challenging, often require complex methods. Here the authors design an poly(ethylene glycol) material with enhanced mechanical properties by laser printing a micropillar and honeycomb micro-lattice.

The authors observe the signatures of quadrupolar excitons in a WSe₂-WS₂-WSe₂ trilayer moiré superlattice, originating from the hybridization of the WSe₂ valence moiré flatbands. They further use electrostatic gating to reveal a hybridized interlayer Mott insulator state, with holes shared between the two WSe₂ layers but laterally confined in moiré superlattices.

Compact MXene fibers with near-gigapascal strength are continuously fabricated by radial confinement and axial stretching under room temperature. Large-area textiles made from the fibers show superior electromagnetic interference shielding capacity.

Applying universal AI models across multiple modalities remains challenging. Here, the authors present a model that enables multi-modality whole-body segmentation for computer-aided diagnosis, revealing metabolic correlations across brain, body, and brain–body systems.

Whereas the capacity of optical-fibre networks is enhanced by schemes such as mode-division multiplexing, integrated photonics remains based on single-mode operation. Here, Luo et al.demonstrate mode-division multiplexing on a silicon chip by engineering the propagation constants of spatial modes.

Chen et al. report a lattice-matched molecule, tris(4-methoxyphenyl) phosphine oxide, to anchor multi-site defects and stabilise the lattice of perovskite quantum dots, enabling deep-red LEDs with efficiency up to 26.91% at 693 nm. The air-processed devices can still maintain an efficiency of 26.28%.

A reconstruction of the light profile for the Milky Way from an internal perspective provides an estimate of the Galaxy’s size that can be directly compared to other galaxies. This property will help to understand how typical the Milky Way is.

Synthetic methylotrophic S. cerevisiae often faces energetic constrains during one-carbon assimilation. Here, the authors address this issue by engineering of heterologous methanol-formate-formaldehyde oxidation pathways to enable CO₂ assimilation via non-native Calvin cycle during methanol fermentation.

Ma et al. report an organic cation engineering strategy to improve the luminescent properties and charge transport in organic-inorganic antimony halide films, enabling red LEDs with efficiency up to 19.4% and half-lifetime of 10,190 min. Large-area (12.15 cm²) LEDs show efficiency of 14.2%.

To overcome various challenges in forensic pathology, the authors present SongCi, a visual-language AI trained on multi-modal autopsy cases of various cohorts. SongCi detects diverse post-mortem diseases and injuries and gives clear image-text explanations for forensic analysis, rivaling senior pathologists.

Zhang et al. report a foundry-compatible γ-ray treatment to induce chemical bond changes of organic contaminants in carbon nanotube transistors, mitigating the imperfections at the carbon nanotube/dielectric interface, reducing the off-state current density to 112.2 pA μm-1, and achieving radiation tolerance up to 100 Mrad(Si).

Climate warming is projected to expand plant phosphorus limitation from 47% to 59% of global silicate rock areas. However, phosphorus release from accelerated chemical weathering of these rocks offsets about 15.5% of this increase.

Heterobilayers of transition metal dichalcogenides host moiré superlattices that give rise to strong electron interactions. Here, the authors study the photoluminescence from interlayer excitons in a WS₂/WSe₂ heterobilayer to reveal the onset of various correlated insulating states.

The oxidative intermolecular amination of C-H bonds represents a straightforward method to construct aliphatic allylic amines. However, the utilization of widely available internal alkenes remains a synthetic challenge. Here, the authors present a regioselective Cu-catalyzed oxidative allylic C-H amination of internal olefins with azodiformates.

The study identifies a springtime climate mode, the Tropical-leaning Atlantic Oscillation, which influences typhoon tracks in the Northwest Pacific, potentially shifting them poleward, toward high-latitude cities in East Asia in a warmer climate.