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Mejía-Ramírez, Iáñez Picazo, Walter et al. explore how nuclear biomechanical changes limit the regenerative capacity of aged hematopoietic stem cells and show that targeting RhoA rejuvenates aged hematopoietic stem cells by reducing nuclear envelope tension and remodeling nuclear architecture.

In this longitudinal cohort study, Wang et al. examine how depression and recall of adverse childhood experiences interact over time among Chinese university students.

The J2 antibody is widely used for detecting double-stranded RNAs. Here, Bou-Nader et al. define its nucleic acid specificity and recognition mechanism by solving its co-crystal structure bound to dsRNA, establishing a framework for its reliable use in RNA detection.

A light-sheet microscope built from off-the-shelf components enables high-resolution clear tissue imaging.

TREM2 is an important AD risk factor playing essential roles in the microglial response to amyloid pathology. Here, authors show using a TREM2 reporter mouse that TREM2 levels are critical for efficacy of TREM2 agonism informing current clinical efforts.

NMR spectroscopy is a powerful tool for studying chemical reactions, but short-lived intermediates are hard to capture. The authors present a system combining LED and rapid-injection NMR for in situ monitoring of photochemical processes, advancing the study of reactive species and kinetics.

Genomic coupling theory predicts that speciation progress involves the buildup of genomic associations that manifest in aggregate barriers to gene flow. This study develops approaches to quantify genomic coupling and applies them to a rattlesnake hybrid zone.

Genome-wide association meta-analysis identifies 58 independent risk loci for major anxiety disorders among individuals of European ancestry and implicates GABAergic signaling as a potential mechanism underlying genetic risk for these disorders.

Cells can regulate their mass density. Here, the authors demonstrate how eukaryotes establish and maintain a lower density in the nucleus than in the cytoplasm via pressure balance, and how deviations emerge during pathophysiological states like senescence.

Mapping global alluvial channel patterns reveals a hidden dominance of anabranching channels, constituting nearly half of the total reach length globally.

This protocol describes a flexible workflow for joint profiling of chromatin accessibility and transcriptomes in single nuclei, compatible with either plate or droplet single-cell isolation platforms.

Pulmonary type 2 inflammation is associated with type 2 innate lymphoid cells. Here the authors use the Collaborative Cross mouse panel to show that ILC2 abundance during type 2 lung inflammation is different across the panel and identify free-fatty acid receptor 3 (Ffar3) as a gene responsible and show cytokine and ILC2 functional changes.

The authors use longitudinal data from the UK Biobank to search for genetic variants associated with kidney function decline. Using a linear mixed model, they identify 13 independent variants, incl. 6 novel, and link them to genetics of kidney aging.

cellSTAAR advances noncoding rare variant association analysis by integrating single-cell genomics data.

(1,3;1,4)-β-d-Glucans are widely distributed in many organisms, but little is known about the enzymes responsible for their synthesis outside the grasses. Here, the authors report on the presence of (1,3;1,4)-β-d-glucans in the exopolysaccharides of the Gram-positive bacterium Romboutsia ilealis and identify and characterize the (1,3;1,4)-β-d-glucan synthase RiGT2.

This study introduces a sediment-based method to reconstruct Antarctic fast-ice change during the late Holocene, revealing cyclic patterns linked to solar variability and offering insight into long-term cryosphere climate dynamics.

Humanity’s Last Exam, a multi-modal benchmark at the frontier of human knowledge, is designed to be an expert-level closed-ended academic benchmark with broad subject coverage.

Estimates from the Global Burden of Disease study reveal declines in chronic respiratory disease mortality between 1990 and 2023—especially during the COVID-19 pandemic—but the burdens on people affected remain substantial.

Proxy records from Lake Baikal show that rapid cooling coincided with Northern Hemisphere ice sheet expansion 2.7 million years ago, a change accompanied by a transition to open steppe ecosystems.

Genome editing tools can precisely introduce a specified lesion into the DNA, but ultimately rely on the cell’s DNA repair machinery to determine the editing outcome. Here, authors demonstrate how neurons’ unique DNA repair pathways impact the safety, efficiency, and precision of CRISPR edits.

Poeck and colleagues identify a microbiome signature in patients receiving allogenic stem cell transplantation, which is associated with protective immune-modulatory metabolites, improved survival and less transplant-related mortality.

Symmetry breaking is key to tissue formation. Now it is shown that symmetry breaking of epithelial spheroids is controlled by an interplay of collective migration with curvature and matrix remodelling.

Adaptive decision-making often requires an understanding of our agency in a situation; however, chronic stress can disrupt agency and promote inflexible, habitual behaviour by turning off a brain pathway needed for agency and activating one that promotes habit.

Key neurons in the orbitofrontal cortex form memories for best action strategies when mice seek rewards. Here, the authors show that these neurons have more mature dendritic spines than neighboring cells, this maturation requiring concurrent plasticity in the amygdala.

EGF-induced recruitment of UPF1 adjacent to HNRNPC induces splicing surveillance of cell proliferation mRNAs.

Soil microbial populations bloom and then die-off in ecosystems with seasonal snowpack. This study showed that distinct taxa utilize different N sources for growth or energy during the microbial bloom and alter the fate of N after snowmelt.

Label-free, spatio-temporal imaging of cellular physiological responses is challenging. Here the authors combine digital holographic microscopy with a millifluidic chip and mathematical modelling to quantify cell volume, mass and cell uptake under changing environmental conditions.

This study demonstrates the capability of deep learning protein design models in generating functionally validated β-strand pairing interfaces, expanding the structural diversity of de novo binding proteins and accessible target surfaces.

Interactions between corticostriatal circuits are implicated in the shifts between habit- and goal-directed actions. Gremel and Costa show that the orbital frontal cortex and the dorsal medial striatum are necessary for goal-directed actions, whereas the dorsal lateral striatum is necessary for habitual actions.

Using remotely sensed hydrometeorological data, the study designs index insurance contracts for hydropower-dependent countries. Pooling them globally cuts costs by 54%, strengthening financial resilience and helping governments manage drought-related economic risks.

Fire hydrants can create stagnant zones in drinking water systems that degrade water quality. This study shows that stagnant water has much higher metal and microbial levels than flowing water, revealing distinct chemical and microbial shifts that may pose health risks.

Whether and how anatomically distinct regions of the superior colliculus (SC) exhibit specialisation in multisensory temporal integration to facilitate different behavioural responses are not fully understood. This study shows that nonlinear integration in the SC enhances temporal encoding of multisensory signals, varies across the sensory field, and is supported by specialized intracollicular subnetworks.

An alternative mating system, termed parasex, produces progeny with high levels of genotypic diversity and is able to fulfil the roles of meiosis when it is absent in the fungal pathobiont Candida albicans.

The role of rare pathogenic/likely pathogenic (P/LP) germline variants in pediatric central nervous system (CNS) tumour development remains poorly understood. Here, the authors investigate the prevalence and clinical significance of germline P/LP variants in cancer predisposition genes across 830 CNS tumour patients.

Using kidneys from a genetically engineered porcine donor transplanted into a cynomolgus monkey model, the design, creation and long-term function of kidney grafts supporting life are explored.

Using cryo-EM, the authors identified 42 MIPs, including outer junction protein CFAP77 and outer dense fibers, in native doublet microtubules of Tetrahymena thermophila. Knockout of CFAP77 reduced ciliary beat frequency and led to outer junction damage.

Genetic, ecological and simulation data demonstrate that the origin and coexistence of reproductively isolated sympatric groups in a fungus is driven by pleiotropic vegetative incompatibility genes under balancing selection.