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Pulmonary type 2 inflammation is associated with type 2 innate lymphoid cells. Here the authors use the Collaborative Cross mouse panel to show that ILC2 abundance during type 2 lung inflammation is different across the panel and identify free-fatty acid receptor 3 (Ffar3) as a gene responsible and show cytokine and ILC2 functional changes.

Radiation reaction (RR) on particles in strong fields is the subject of intense experimental research, but previous efforts lacked statistical significance due to the extreme regimes required. Here, the authors report a 5σ observation of RR and obtain strong, quantitative evidence favouring quantum models over classical, using an all-optical setup where electrons are accelerated by a laser in a gas jet before colliding with a second, intense pulse.

In complex reaction systems featuring intricate product and pathway possibilities, achieving simultaneous control over multiple selectivities remains highly challenging. Now it has been demonstrated that biomimetic peptide–phosphonium salts can concurrently impart stepwise and stereochemical control in the asymmetric Atherton–Todd reaction, which enables efficient access to diverse P-stereogenic platform molecules.

Optically active spin defects in diamond and hBN are promising solid-state quantum sensors but often fall short for chemical sensing. Here the authors show that BN nanotubes hosting such defects create a nanoporous, omnidirectional quantum “mesh” sensor at room temperature, enhancing chemical detection through high surface area and improved sample accessibility.

The current unbalance between the performance of n-type and p-type 2D transistors limits their applications for next-generation electronics. Here, the authors report the realization of high-performance 2D MoTe₂ p-type transistors by depositing metallic tellurium contacts via thermal evaporation.

A single ultrashort pulse from X-ray free-electron laser is shown to produce a submicron, with >1,000 length-to-diameter aspect ratio long channel in solid material. The results open a new avenue for development of artificial nanofluidic devices with confinement down to the molecular level.

A dual-gate structure in bilayer MoS₂ FETs is reported, allowing a high carrier density by compensating for the fringing field, which holds promise for 2D semiconductor logic applications.

During the Last Glacial Maximum, the deep Northwest Atlantic was only about 2 °C colder than today, suggesting sustained production of relatively warm North Atlantic Deep Water during the Last Glacial Maximum.

This study demonstrates that 16p11.2 hemideletion, a genetic deletion linked to neurodevelopmental disorders, affects male and female mice differently, altering specific striatal neuronal circuits and driving sex-specific behavioral changes.

Tuning permselectivity and chemical stability is desirable for polymer membranes, though it is challenging to balance these properties. Here the authors report a polyamide membrane using modified interfacial polymerization methods for stable and highly permeable organic solvent nanofiltration.

A hidden Markov model that uses probabilistic retrospective inference allows for up to one month of unsupervised recalibration in an online cursor-based intracortical brain–machine interface.

Measurements of dopamine, serotonin and norepinephrine in the caudate of conscious humans reveal a neurochemical boundary between patients with essential tremor and Parkinson’s disease based on serotonin release evoked by monetary offers.

How landscapes are arranged affects soil pathogenic fungi worldwide. The authors reveal the global pattern and pronounced scale-dependency of landscape complexity and land-cover quantity on soil pathogenic fungal diversity.

Most plastic waste is landfilled, and polyolefin recycling needs external H₂. This work couples decalin dehydrogenation with polyethylene hydrocracking, using in situ H₂ to yield liquid fuels efficiently, improving both economic and environmental sustainability.

This work presents a global wind power simulation tool that uses high-resolution data and extensive validation to improve accuracy. It corrects wind speed biases and validates against real-world data, enhancing reliability for wind energy assessments across various scales and regions.

Improved vaccines and antivirals are needed for many enveloped viruses. Here, the authors identify sulfur-based small molecules that disrupt viral membrane properties, inhibiting fusion and entry, and safely inactivate influenza virus. The resulting inactivated influenza vaccine is protective in mice.

Achieving precise control over the active layer morphology remains a significant challenge for efficient organic solar cells. Here, authors establish a vertical solvent gradient by diffusing benzene vapor into toluene through layer-by-layer fabrication, achieving maximum device efficiency of 20.71%.

The universality of the energetic equivalence rule has long been debated. Here, the authors show that across 183 soil invertebrate food webs, size–density and energy use varied with trophic level, energy measure, and food web structure, showing that ecosystem energetics depend on context and trophic complexity.

A broad systems-level approach is necessary to understand the intricate etiology of clinical complications from atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. Here, the authors reconstruct a causal network of circulating proteins and identify subnetworks linked to future risk of myocardial infarction and other cardiometabolic traits.

GluFormer, a generative foundation model, uses continuous glucose monitoring data to accurately forecast glycaemia-related health responses, particularly for long-term outcomes.

Bacteriophages play a pivotal, yet poorly understood, role in shaping antibiotic resistance dynamics in natural environments. A global analysis of 840 groundwater metagenomes reveals that phage–host interactions constrain ARG acquisition via enhanced phage defence.

GPR99/OXGR1 is a GPCR activated by both oxoglutarate and leukotriene E4, implicated in asthma and inflammation. The authors report here the cryo-EM structures of GPR99-Gq bound to both ligands, demonstrating two distinct binding sites.

Imaging the immune activation status of tumor-associated neutrophils (TANs) provides insights for improving cancer immunotherapeutic strategy. Here this group reports a ratiometric nanoprobe responding to tumor microenvironment and enabling NIR-IIb quantitative fluorescence imaging of TANs with overexpression of neutrophil elastase.

Gas-phase actinium monofluoride (AcF) has been produced and spectroscopically studied at the CERN-ISOLDE radioactive ion beam facility; the results highlight the potential of ²²⁷AcF for exceptionally sensitive searches of CP violation.

This research developed and compared firearm-specific and method-agnostic machine-learning models using data from 800,579 Army veterans, revealing that model choice and intervention thresholds impact predictive accuracy and fairness, guiding tailored suicide prevention efforts.

An intratumoural vaccination chimera reprograms tumour cells into an antigen-presenting state with restored anti-tumour immunity.

Point defects critically influence material properties and require accurate computational modelling for reliable predictions. This Perspective outlines best practices for defect simulations using supercell approaches, emphasizing methodological transparency, reproducibility and robust reporting to improve consistency and integration with experimental studies.

Achieving wireless and high charge density neural stimulation remains challenging. To address this issue, the authors develop a sonocapacitor from piezoelectric-dielectric composite nanospheres and two-dimensional cellulose.

This research creates a terahertz plasmonic gradient metasurface for miniaturized spectroscopy. It enables continuous, broad spectral sensing without scanning, allowing real-time, label-free identification of multiple biomolecules.

In a long-term follow-up of the FAME 2 trial, fractional flow reserve-guided percutaneous coronary intervention plus medical therapy in patients with stable coronary artery disease reduced cardiovascular events compared to medical therapy alone, primarily due to a decrease in urgent revascularization events.

Base editor off-target effects are profiled with high precision in a tailored approach.

A nine-year transit-timing campaign has measured the extremely low masses and densities of four large planets orbiting the young star V1298 Tau, which are now predicted to contract and form a typical compact super-Earth and sub-Neptune system.

In an effort to deorphanize G-protein-coupled receptors, a photo-cross-linking platform was established to capture ligands from complex samples. Little-LEN was identified as a ligand for GPR50, which coordinately regulates body metabolism.

Climate-crop models are important tools for guiding investments and exploring adaptation strategies in climate-resilient agriculture. Here, the authors expand climate-crop model applications for 19 African opportunity crops, including cereals, legumes, oilseeds, roots/tubers, and vegetables.

Combining microscopy and modeling, the authors reveal that tissue fluidity, driven by active cell motion and interfacial tension, governs how living spheroids merge into larger structures.

The 4D Nucleome Project demonstrates the use of genomic assays and computational methods to measure genome folding and then predict genomic structure from DNA sequence, facilitating the discovery of potential effects of genetic variants, including variants associated with disease, on genome structure and function.

DNA double-strand breaks endanger genome stability. Here, the authors present cryo-EM structures showing how Ku70/80 and DNA-PK bind DNA ends on nucleosomes, offering a mechanistic model for break recognition within chromatin.

Thiamine pyrophosphate (TPP) is the biologically active form of vitamin B1 and servers as an essential metabolic cofactor regulating energy production, redox homeostasis, and carbon assimilation. Here, the authors show that optimizing TPP metabolism can enhance yield and quality in maize, rice and rapeseed.

Colorectal cancer has high recurrence and metastasis rates making treatment difficult. Here, the authors report on peptide modified cell membrane coated cobalt based metal-organic frameworks which degrades and forms, in situ, photothermal materials with H₂S, allowing for immune-photothermal therapy.

A portion of the orbitofrontal cortex can be subdivided by its connectivity with the posterior cingulate cortex. This connectivity-based parcellation shows differences in functional connectivity and economic choice signals.

Gram-negative bacteria use a multiprotein complex, LptB₂FGC, to transport lipopolysaccharides (LPS) to the outer membrane. Here, Fiorentino et al. present cryo-EM structures of the complex from Pseudomonas aeruginosa, revealing species-specific features and providing insights into LPS transport mechanisms.

Here Jaster et al., show a single psilocybin dose produce sex-specific post-acute changes in opioid reward and withdrawal via 5-HT2A receptors in frontal cortex-to–nucleus accumbens circuits, with epigenetic and synaptic changes shaping therapeutic potential.

The authors identify flip probability as a universal quantity in random explorations. Here, the authors show it follows a simple inverse law across Markovian, non-Markovian, and real-world systems.

Tree cover gains in the moist tropics (1982–2015) were 56% naturally regenerated forests and 27% managed tree systems, with forest type influencing carbon recovery. Effective forest restoration requires robust tracking of forest types established by restoration efforts.

Cancer immunotherapy benefits from antibody-lectin chimeras that block glyco-immune checkpoints.

The Taiwan Precision Medicine Initiative (TPMI) has built a cohort of more than half a million individuals with Han Chinese ancestry, providing a rich resource of genetic and medical data for this group.

Nucleoside triphosphates (NTPs) are important building blocks that underpin emerging enzymatic approaches to RNA therapeutics manufacturing. Here, authors develop a biocatalytic strategy to convert nucleosides into NTPs containing clinically relevant modifications, using simple phosphate donors.

Silicon materials offer high capacity in Li-ion batteries but suffer from huge volume changes during cycling, requiring external pressure to maintain performance. Here, authors develop a self-healing gel polymer electrolyte that confines silicon expansion without external pressure.

A simple transport model infers a material’s electronic dimensionality from standard transport measurements, revealing temperature-, doping- and alloying-driven shifts between low-dimensional and 3D transport in SrTiO₃, Bi₂O₂Se and Pb_1-xSn_xTe.

The study analyses data from NASA’s MMS mission to examine electromagnetic fluctuations in the electron diffusion region of Earth’s magnetotail offering insights into the link between reconnection and turbulence. It finds that electromagnetic anomalous viscosity supplies, at times, around 20% of the reconnection electric field.