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A flexible micro-electrocorticography brain–computer interface that integrates a 256 × 256 array of electrodes, signal processing, data telemetry and wireless powering on a single complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor substrate can provide stable, chronic in vivo recordings.

Female sex workers in East, Central and South Africa are a high-risk group for HIV infection. Here, the authors model the potential impact and cost effectiveness of a community-based support intervention for female sex workers in Zimbabwe.

Statins lower blood plasma cholesterol but can cause muscle-related issues including life-threatening rhabdomyolysis. Here the authors show that atorvastatin binds as triplets to the skeletal muscle Ryanodine Receptor transmembrane region, triggering opening of this calcium release channel.

The analysis of the energy spectrum of 36 million tritium β-decay electrons recorded in 259 measurement days within the last 40 eV below the endpoint challenges the Neutrino-4 claim.

Aqueous zinc-ion batteries are promising for sustainable energy storage but challenged in low temperatures. Here, authors develop a gradient chaotropic ionic liquid-based aqueous electrolyte design that enables dendrite-free operation and robust low-temperature performance (to −40 °C).

Antibody response variability contributes to differential individual responses and disease outcomes. Here authors show that genetic variation to the IG kappa and IG lambda loci is an important determinant of antibody-mediated host responses in humans.

Laboratory automation, machine learning, and metabolic engineering may be combined to quickly and efficiently build productive microbial strains. Here the authors used these techniques in P. putida to boost isoprenol titers 5-fold over six DBTL cycles while sampling a reduced design space.

Combining high-resolution mapping of foliar and herbivore faecal sodium concentrations across Africa, the authors show that plant-derived sodium availability constrains megaherbivore densities at a continental scale.

There are several semiempirical models to predict which elements will form stable compounds, but their applicability is limited. Here, the authors develop a simple model to this aim throughout the periodic table requiring only two parameters fitting.

Emerging materials between molecules and materials demand new modeling approaches. Here, the authors present a localized active space approach that enables accurate and efficient band structure calculations to capture long-range charge and energy transfer in correlated materials.

Here authors show loss of AKAP11, a strong genetic risk factor for bipolar disorder and schizophrenia, disrupts PKA proteostasis and signaling, leading to widespread transcriptomic alterations across the brain, particularly in striatal neurons, as well as altered behavior.

This study shows how SARS-CoV-2 fusion peptides assemble and reshape membranes, revealing cooperative mechanisms that lower barriers to viral entry and offering principles for designing antiviral and membrane-responsive nanomaterials.

Hiʻiaka is the largest moon of the distant dwarf planet Haumea. Here, the authors report the first multi-chord stellar occultations of Hiʻiaka, revealing its size, shape, and density, suggesting an origin from Haumea’s icy mantle.

Existing Moiré materials are mostly van der Waals heterostructures. Here the authors show that hydrogen-bond adaptability allows spontaneous formation of twisted bilayer ice at magic angles in 2D confinement, establishing a new class of Moiré materials.

The disordered molecular aggregation of non-fullerene acceptors in nonhalogenated solvents limits the performance of organic solar cells. Here, the authors apply an ultrasound field to induce J aggregation of molecules, achieving maximum efficiency of 20.41% for o-xylene-processed ternary devices.

GRX-810, an oxide dispersion strengthened alloy, shows excellent structural performance above 1100°C and stability up to 1300 °C. Grain-size effects, additive manufacturing–induced anisotropy, and fine trigonal Y₂O₃ particles enhance creep resistance.

Water-vapor interfaces have been studied with many techniques, yet open questions persist about their electronic and molecular structure. Here, the authors demonstrate the application of soft x-ray second harmonic generation to study the water surface by leveraging attosecond pulses at the LCLS and a flat liquid sheet microjet, providing insights on the H-bond structure.

NBCn1 plays an important role as a base loader allowing breast cancer cells to survive in an acidic environment. Here, Wang et al report its near atomic structure and transport cycle involving minimal structural changes associated with an exceptionally high turnover rate, enabling efficient cellular base loading and tumor survival

Examining human brain organoids and ex vivo neonatal murine cortical slices demonstrates that structured neuronal sequences emerge independently of sensory input, highlighting the potential of brain organoids as a model for neuronal circuit assembly.

This Perspective describes how human mobility data can inform air pollution research and public health interventions.

Conventional ammonia synthesis is energy intensive. Here the authors explore the mechanism of light-driven ammonia synthesis through in situ spectroscopy and modelling, and demonstrate that certain AuRu plasmonic alloys are promising catalysts for this potentially more sustainable process.

Nucleoside triphosphates (NTPs) are important building blocks that underpin emerging enzymatic approaches to RNA therapeutics manufacturing. Here, authors develop a biocatalytic strategy to convert nucleosides into NTPs containing clinically relevant modifications, using simple phosphate donors.

There is a need for an easy-to-use clinical tool, that could predict favorable early PSA response and subsequently enhance early risk stratification, as well as guide treatment planning. Here, the authors show that based on patient data from four phase III randomized trials, Nadir androgen receptor pathway inhibitor (APRI)- Derived Integrative Response (NADIR) model predicts favorable early PSA response to ≤0.2 ng/mL by 6 months in metastatic hormone sensitive prostate cancer (mHSPC) patients initiating treatment with an APRI.

Patients with kidney failure undergoing maintenance hemodialysis have poor long-term survival. Here the authors use affinity-based proteomics to identify circulating risk factors for mortality in patients with kidney failure on hemodialysis.

Photonic processors are limited by the bulkiness of discrete components and wiring complexity. An experiment now demonstrates a reprogrammable two-dimensional waveguide that performs neural network inference through multimode wave propagation.

Early high-resolution images of two 2021 novae reveal eruptions unfolding in multiple stages with colliding outflows that produce shocks and gamma rays, reshaping our understanding of stellar explosions.

Combination immunotherapy approaches might be effective in inducing sustained control of HIV by slowing rebound and improving CD8⁺ T cell responses.

Ferroptotic propagation aggravates kidney ischemia-reperfusion injury and causes delayed graft function. Here, the authors show that inhibiting lactate shuttle and AARS1-mediated NPM1 lactylation protects graft function by blocking ferroptotic waves.

Antimicrobial resistance poses a significant global health threat, necessitating swift and precise diagnostic solutions. Here, the authors introduce a culture-free diagnostic platform integrating microfluidic cell enrichment, single-cell Raman spectroscopy, and deep learning, that identifies bacterial and fungal infections directly from clinical samples within 20 minutes.

Otopetrins form proton channels in animals ranging from nematodes to humans. Here, authors identify small molecule inhibitors and characterize their binding in the intrasubunit interface region, thus highlighting the area for pharmacological targeting for channel modulation.

Some surveys of intelligence have suggested that the mean IQ is rising; others, that it is decreasing alarmingly. The explanation seems to be that the educational level of the populations has changed.

Interregional transmission is key to a cost-efficient, reliable and cleaner US grid. Senga et al. find that current legislative proposals can increase reliability while capturing some of the cost and emissions benefits of a cost-optimized grid.

Microglia can alter their properties to adopt a wide spectrum of cellular phenotypes. Here, the authors show that remodeling of microglial mitochondria accompanies microglial responses to challenges and aging, and provide evidence that these organelles play a role in regulating basal microglial morphology, gene expression, and inflammatory profile.

Engineering of local Anopheles gambiae under containment enables the generation of a transgenic strain equipped with non-autonomous gene drive capabilities that robustly inhibits genetically diverse Plasmodium falciparum isolates obtained from naturally infected children.

The accepted function of hypothalamic retinal input is regulation of daily rhythms in physiology and behaviour. Here authors show it also supports detection of form and motion and regulates visually-guided behaviours, via the lateral hypothalamus.

Coulomb explosion imaging can map positions of atoms and their motion in molecules. Here the authors extend it to detect up to eight ions in coincidence and develop a machine-learning framework for automated differentiation of reaction pathways.

Yersinia pseudotuberculosis senses fungal tyrosol signalling through EnvZ–OmpR which triggers T6SS activation and antifungal effector release to reduce fungal competitors in the mouse gut.

DIAL designs synthetic promoters for generation of heritable setpoints of gene expression across a range of cell types.

Yang–Mills theory is the basis of the standard model of particle physics. The Yang–Mills Millennium Prize problem, to show that the theory is mathematically well defined and that it has the mass gap property, is one of the great challenges of mathematical physics. This Review explores the problem from both physical and mathematical points of view and surveys promising approaches from recent years.

This study demonstrates that the fastest astrophysical jets are locked to a fixed axis, whereas slower jets can precess or wobble. The findings imply that the most relativistic jets are tied to the spin axis of the black hole that launched them.

Protein misfolding drives many diseases, but detecting and characterizing misfolding in living cells remains challenging. Here, the authors apply an in vivo structural method to uncover how Cystic Fibrosis-causing CFTR variants misfold, respond to current therapies and uncover an activation mechanism previously missed.

The potential roles of viruses in microbial-induced permafrost thaw, which is accelerated by climate change, are unclear. Here, Trubl et al. sample a permafrost thaw gradient and identify thousands of new viruses carrying genes with metabolic-related functions, which might influence the fate of stored carbon.

Automated iterative small-molecule synthesis has generally been limited to around one carbon–carbon bond-forming step per day. Now, a next-generation automated synthesizer enables rapid, automated, iterative synthesis of a variety of small molecules. Improvements to chemistry and automation leads to a tenfold decrease in reaction time over previous automated platforms.

Materials that mimic silk are desirable for their combination of strength and toughness, but replicating these properties in artificial materials is challenging. Here, the authors report the development of ionogel fibres, with responsive contractile behaviour, by a phase separation strategy.

After spinal cord injury, lesion-remote astrocytes acquire heterogeneous, spatially restricted reactivity states that shape neuroinflammation, neural repair and neurological recovery.

Sexual reproduction is thought to be essential for long-term survival of eukaryotes. This study shows that Giardia, once suspected to be anciently asexual, retains evidence of sex while a newly derived asexual lineage is accumulating mutations and expanding its host range.

Metastatic cancer cells rely on metabolic flexibility to survive. Here, the authors show that metastatic breast cancer cells use lactate for mitochondrial oxidation via the CD147/MCT1/LDHB complex to sustain stemness and promote metastasis.

Gut microbiota influence bone health, but the genetic and metabolic mechanisms are unclear. Here, the authors show that specific bifidobacterial taxa causally reduce bone mineral density, partly via n-3 fatty acid metabolism, highlighting host-microbe interactions with potential therapeutic implications.

How RNA folds into functional structures is still largely uncharacterized. Here, using cryo-EM, SAXS, and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, the authors create a movie of a medically relevant ribozyme acquiring its functionally active conformation.