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Tumor endothelial cells are essential stromal components in the tumor microenvironment. Here the authors find that endothelial-specific deletion of PDLIM5, an actin-binding protein, could inhibit tumor angiogenesis and tumor growth as well as enhance therapeutic responses in mouse tumor models.

The longevity of leaves determines the overall duration of photosynthesis for plants. This study suggests that climate change drives leaf longevity convergence toward intermediate ranges, which, by altering leaf traits and enhancing photosynthetic capacity, strengthens ecosystem stability and is closely linked to vegetation diversity.

BUC-95’s unique stretchable structure overcomes the inherent electron transfer limitations from Fe sites to peroxydisulfate and achieves the formation of Fe(IV) = O species, enhancing the ofloxacin degradation performance.

This study reveals a hierarchical development of the brain’s structural connectome from infancy to childhood, characterized by distinct sensorimotor-association trajectories and alignment with multiple neurobiological hierarchies.

The mechanism by which insects sense the presence of the phloem-limited, unculturable bacteria Candidatus liberibacter asiaticus (CLas) is poorly understood. Here, the authors identify psyllid Toll8 as the primary pattern recognition receptor of the CLas outer membrane protein Barrel. They describe an immune Toll8-MyD88-IKKE-NFAT axis that regulates the expression of antimicrobial effectors, as well as an SDE3230-dependent mechanism through which CLas suppresses Toll signaling.

This study applies generalized linear mixed models (GLMM) and advanced transcriptome wide association study (TWAS) methods to improve the discovery of colorectal cancer risk transcription factors and genes, including potential druggable targets.

Controlled dislocation self-assembly is demonstrated in discontinuous-columnar Bi(Fe,Mn)O₃ thin film. Guiding dislocations along grain boundaries tailors polarization homogeneity, revealing a microstructure-driven design principle for ferroelectrics.

NIID is a neurodegenerative disease caused by GGC repeat expansions within NOTCH2NLC gene. Here, authors develop a precise gene-editing therapy that effectively treats the disease in multiple models.

Here they show that G9a-mediated H3K9me2 regulates intestinal homeostasis and injury repair through repression of cell cycle arrest genes in both mouse and human.

This study shows that excessive atmospheric nitrogen deposition can enhance methane production and emissions by impacting microbial phosphorus acquisition due to the change of N/P ratios in oxygenated surface oceans.

Through integrated multi-omics and experimental validation, this study reveals that altered gut microbiota and bile acid metabolism activate TLR3 to induce urothelial injury in interstitial cystitis, identifying a pathway with therapeutic potential.

Synthetic methylotrophic S. cerevisiae often faces energetic constrains during one-carbon assimilation. Here, the authors address this issue by engineering of heterologous methanol-formate-formaldehyde oxidation pathways to enable CO₂ assimilation via non-native Calvin cycle during methanol fermentation.

The authors report the time-reversal symmetry breaking superconductivity in the thin-flake kagome material RbV3Sb5, manifesting primarily as an unconventional form of hysteresis that is not observed in CsV3Sb5. They also observe reentrance of superconductivity during an in-plane field-sweeping process at 400 mK.

CRISPR-Cas12a diagnostics are limited by strict PAM requirements. Here, authors show that higher temperatures activate numerous noncanonical PAMs, enabling a versatile one-pot platform that improves sensitivity, specificity, and rapid on-site pathogen detection.

Humanity’s Last Exam, a multi-modal benchmark at the frontier of human knowledge, is designed to be an expert-level closed-ended academic benchmark with broad subject coverage.

Behçet’s syndrome is a chronic inflammatory disease with oral ulcers being the most common symptom. Here authors present results from a phase 2 randomized double-blind placebo-controlled clinical trial that shows that systemic low dose interleukin-2 could be safely administered to these patients, and the therapy may improve their quality of life.

The authors study a topological insulator (TI) sandwiched between two magnetic TIs. By keeping one of the magnetic TIs insulating, while tuning the other one into a metallic regime, they find half quantized anomalous Hall conductance, a boundary signature consistent with a quantized axion field.

Migrasomes mediate the release of cytoplasmic contents, thereby facilitating intercellular communication. Here, the authors propose a regulatory mechanism underlying migrasome biogenesis and elucidate how viruses exploit this pathway to promote cell-to-cell transmission.

Fibre integrated circuits created by first preparing circuitry on extremely thin and flexible substrates and then mechanically rolling them up demonstrate microdevice density reaching 100,000 transistors per centimetre and excellent stability under harsh service conditions.

Du, Xie, Dai, Jia, et al. assess the role of MEFV variants in Castleman Disease using both in vitro experiments and patient samples. The inflammatory response, scRNA landscape, and high prevalence of MEFV variants propose a critical role for MEFV in Castleman disease.

Endocytosis of TFR1 plays a crucial role in extracelluar iron uptake. Here the authors revealed that PKCβII facilitates the endocytosis of TFR1 and increases cellular iron levels through the phosphorylation of AAK1, thus promoting ferroptosis of tumor cells.

Climate change is altering how plants balance carbon gain and water loss. This study maps global leaf-level water-use efficiency over the past two decades, showing it is highest in regions that are cold or dry, increasing worldwide, and strongly influenced by atmospheric dryness.

Zhang, Huang, Wang, Long et al. report that NAT10 enhances serine uptake and biosynthesis in an ac4C-dependent mechanism, thereby promoting stemness and progression in acute myeloid leukaemia.

In this study, a series of peripheral diseases were associated with increased dementia risk and collectively were related to about one-third of the global dementia burden, indicating the value of maintaining whole-body health for brain health.

Challenges remain in optimizing efficiency and stability of monolithic perovskite/Cu(In,Ga)Se₂ (CIGS) tandem solar cells. Here, authors develop a composite-structured intermediate recombination layer and achieve maximum efficiency of 28.04% and 30.71% for 0.51 cm² and 0.15 cm² cells, respectively.

Intermittent hypobaric pressure extends the lifespan and rescues the osteoporosis phenotype in aged mice by activating the ion channel transmembrane protein 59 (TMEM59) and eliminating senescent cells via lysosome-dependent cell death.

This study identifies regions and features of three stages of plateau evolution in the present-day Tibetan Plateau, based on structural features of intra-crustal low-velocity zones, depth of the crust-mantle boundary and surface topography.

Native state proteomics of PV interneurons revealed unique molecular features of high translational and metabolic activity, and enrichment of Alzheimer’s risk genes. Early amyloid pathology exerted unique effects on mitochondria, mTOR signaling and neurotransmission in PV neurons.

Medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) is a rare and aggressive neuroendocrine tumor with limited risk stratification. Here, the authors perform multi-omic analysis of MTC samples from 452 patients across 10 Chinese clinical centers, identify molecular subtypes and develop a prediction model.

A computational workflow, LyMOI, uses LLM, knowledge graphs and other tools to facilitate ’omic analysis and hypothesis generation related to autophagy.

Energy consumption is a challenge in AI hardware. The authors introduce a volitional neuromorphic device that mimics human visual attention, achieving high energy efficiency and precise object tracking with minimal data redundancy.

Estimates from the Global Burden of Disease study reveal declines in chronic respiratory disease mortality between 1990 and 2023—especially during the COVID-19 pandemic—but the burdens on people affected remain substantial.

A membrane system operating without electricity and inspired by natural fractal transport patterns achieves exceptional nanofiltration performance, offering a simple and reliable source of potable water for decentralized communities.

This study presents LoopID, which profiles proteins at targeted interacting enhancer–promoter (E-P) pairs, identifying the histone demethylase JMJD2 as a regulator of E-P interactions through biomolecular condensate formation independent of its catalytic activity.

Chen et al. show that redox signals activate ADAR1 to fix faulty RNA pieces during DNA copying, ensuring smooth replication and protecting genome stability.

Sweat sensors are important in personalized healthcare using natural oxidase to target biomolecules but these reactions are susceptible to external interference. Here, the authors report tryptophan- and histidine-treated copper metal-organic frameworks which show highly selective activity for ascorbate oxidation and can serve as an efficient ascorbate oxidase-mimicking material in sensitive sweat sensors.

This work identifies ERECTA–EPFL genes as major regulators of maize meristem activity and the development of maize shoots and ears. The findings highlight genetic targets that influence kernel row number and plant architecture to increase maize yield.

Qifa Zhang and colleagues report the map-based cloning of the quantitative trait locus GS5, which regulates grain size and yield in rice. GS5 encodes a putative serine carboxypeptidase and increased expression is associated with larger grain.

High-resolution satellite data enables a unique verification of national methane emissions worldwide. Global estimates are 63 Tg a⁻¹ for oil-gas, 30% higher than the UNFCCC reports due to under-reporting by four largest emitters, and 33 Tg a⁻¹ for coal, consistent with previous estimates.

The extreme hot and dry conditions of 2023 reduced soil respiration and enhanced net forest carbon sequestration in Canada, offsetting wildfire emissions, according to satellite-based and in situ observations of CO₂ fluxes.

The authors conducted a genome-wide association study of bipolar disorder (BD) in Han Chinese and integrated PGC4 East Asian and European datasets, discovering 23 novel loci, prioritizing 39 credible risk genes and implicating BD-related cell types and druggable targets.

Targeting tumors with c-MYC dysregulation is very challenging due to low MYC expression and intratumor heterogeneity. Here, the authors report a MYC-based gene circuitry that enhances immunotherapy response and tumor killing in bladder cancer.

A short peptide derived from a commensal-fungal-secreted protein promotes repair in models of colon epithelial damage when delivered directly or via probiotic microbes.

Mechanochemical probes allow for direct visualization of the stress and damage behaviors of polymeric materials but both processes cannot be simultaneously mapped with a single mechanophore. Here, the authors employed rhodamine-based mechanophores embedded in multiple network elastomers to visualize stress and damage under both homogeneous and inhomogeneous deformations.

Radiative cooling is an emerging technology for cooling with reduced energy consumption. Here the authors present photoluminescent composites that combine subambient cooling with aesthetic colour, hydrophobicity and durability.

Zhuang, Zi et al. identify cyclin-dependent kinase 3 (CDK3) as a driver of neuron loss in Alzheimer’s disease that is associated with brain atrophy and memory decline in mice. Inhibition of CDK3 (BMX330) is shown to limit neuronal loss and improve cognition.