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Astrocyte-to-neuron (AtN) conversion is limited by intrinsic barriers, hindering its efficiency. Here, the authors show that Olig2 acts as an inducible barrier to in vivo Ngn2-mediated AtN conversion, reducing reprogramming efficiency.

A short peptide derived from a commensal-fungal-secreted protein promotes repair in models of colon epithelial damage when delivered directly or via probiotic microbes.

Single-atom catalysts (SACs) offer high atom utilization and efficiency, but their synthesis is challenging. This work realizes the mass production of sustainable SACs and demonstrates their application in vascular healing.

Efficient and durable energy storage is vital for renewable integration. Here, the authors design an aqueous iron-cerium redox flow battery using a universal complexing agent that enhances stability and efficiency, achieving long cycle life and high performance in neutral conditions.

By optimizing the timing of electricity purchases for electric vehicle (EV) charging at home, as well as shifting electricity purchases for other household loads, US EV owners could reduce their lifetime charging costs by 40–90%, and lifecycle greenhouse gas emissions from household electricity use by 70–250%. Integrating EVs with homes can increase the greenhouse gas reductions they deliver, while reducing the cost of EV ownership.

Developing porous crystalline materials with tailored properties is challenging because of the vast design space and the high cost of screening. Now, highly fluorescent covalent organic frameworks have been identified through an AI-assisted iterative experiment–learning cycle workflow that integrates electronic configuration and quantum-level insights into the learning process.

Immune checkpoint inhibitors have shown promise in tumour immunotherapy but resistance has been seen. Here using pre-treatment hepatocellular carcinoma patient biopsies from patients scheduled for immunotherapy, the authors implicate BCL9 and show that a BCL9-targeting peptide promotes anti-tumour immunity in mouse models through targeting macrophages and promoting anti-tumour T cell responses.

Researchers use organic ligands to reclaim energy lost during the relaxation of secondary X-rays generated by the interaction of high-energy particles with scintillators. Enhanced radioluminescence within lanthanide metal complexes and capture of dark triplet excitons with near-unity extraction efficiency are achieved.

Upfront and lifetime costs often prevent EV adoption. Vaishnav and colleagues find that using EV batteries to shift the time of electricity purchases for other household uses can cut both owners’ electricity costs and greenhouse gas emissions.

It is unclear how early-life urbanicity influences adult neurobehavioral traits. This study reveals that earlier menarche mediates the relationship between early-life urbanicity and adult neurobehavioral traits associated with mental disorders.

A cross-ancestry GWAS meta-analyses of brainstem structures identify 713 associations. It reveals shared/distinct genetic architectures across ancestries/substructures and overlaps with neuropsychiatric disorders and physiological functions.

The residual methylammonium cation from additives compromises the operational stability of formamidinium lead iodide-based solar cells under thermal/light stress. Here, authors introduce MASCN to enhance film formation in ethyl acetate antisolvent and achieve efficiency of 26.1% for stable devices.

Taurine supports critical functions in the brain, heart, and eyes. Here, authors reveal high-resolution structures of the human taurine transporter, uncovering how it recognizes and transports substrates and how cholesterol mediates its dimerization.

Using siRNA screening, Chen et al demonstrate that Rab27a and its effector SYTL4 mediate the transport of influenza viral membrane proteins to the plasma membrane, highlighting their role in virion assembly and identifying SYTL4 as a potential therapeutic target for antiviral drug development.

This work presents a meta-image-processor enabling optical image processing system to achieve improved penetration depth through strongly scattering media, advancing imaging technology for visualization through deeper and more complex media.

Artificial intelligence-based detection of gastric cancer at different stages from noncontrast computed tomography is suggested to be feasible in a retrospective analysis of large and diverse cohorts, including real-world populations in opportunistic and targeted screening scenarios.

The heterogeneity of HSPCs in response to IR stress remains poorly characterized. Here, the authors provide insights into the molecular intricacies of IR-induced BM injury and reveal the roles of BMP4-BMPR2 signaling in radiation resistance of HSCs.

Machine-learned potentials are accurate but often lack broad applicability. Here, authors develop a general-purpose neuroevolution potential for 16 metals and their alloys, achieving efficient and accurate predictions of various physical properties.

Using activity-dependent mapping and circuit manipulation, this study reveals that the anterior paraventricular thalamus controls fear expression and exploratory behavior during recall through distinct neural circuits.

Self-assembled monolayers targeting wide-bandgap perovskite solar cells are essential to reduce the open-circuit voltage loss. Here, the authors report the stepwise tuning of interfacial energy level through inductive effect, achieving perovskite/TOPCon tandem solar cells with efficiency over 31%.

An analysis of genomic, molecular and neuroanatomical traits across extant primates reveals early divergence in visual and olfactory systems of major primate lineages consistent with lineage-specific shifts in diel activity and dietary niche, providing support for a sensory ‘reallocation’ hypothesis.

Most of the available fluorogenic RNA approaches emit visible fluorescence, and there is a need for tools working at longer wavelengths. Here, the authors identify and modulate red fluorescent protein-like fluorophores to bind the fluorogenic RNA Squash, thereby obtaining near-infrared fluorogenic RNA-based tools.

Excitonic quantum oscillations are observed in correlated electron–hole bilayers and quantum phase transitions are identified between excitonic insulator and bilayer quantum Hall states under strong magnetic fields.

The host factors that drive adaptive substitutions in the influenza virus remain poorly understood. Here, Zou et al. identify GGCX as a key determinant for the adaption of Eurasian avian-like H1N1 swine influenza virus to receptor binding.

The authors find that Ag-rich nanoprecipitates with sizes up to tens of nanometers can be formed in metallic Ag/Ag₂Se composite flexible films after spark plasma sintering. Moreover, Ag-rich nanoprecipitates play a positive role in increasing the carrier concentration, enhancing the density-of-states effective mass, and mitigating carrier scattering.

Analysis of 43,191 genomes obtained from publicly available marine bacterial and archaeal metagenome data provides insights into marine bacterial evolution, CRISPR–Cas defence and antibiotic resistance genes, and demonstrates the potential of marine metagenomes for biotechnological applications.

Perovskite solar cells often rely on ordered molecular contacts for favourable charge-carrier transport, and any organizational disruption reduces device efficiency. Now a contact featuring an orthogonal π-skeleton has been shown to afford a high resilience to external stimuli plus long-term durability in accelerated-ageing tests.

Here, the authors identify key DNA methylation sites associated with incident acute coronary syndrome (ACS), improving ACS prediction and highlighting potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets for ACS.

Phosphorus addition alone reduces phosphorus-acquiring enzyme activities by 14%, while phosphorus combined with nitrogen addition boosts nitrogen-acquiring enzyme activities by 21%, according to a meta-analysis based on 155 field studies across various ecosystems.

In this work, the authors identified a hypervirulent carbapenem-resistant Escherichia coli ST410 clone which carries a high pathogenicity island and an O-antigen gene cluster. The findings highlight the ongoing evolution of ST410 towards increased resistance and virulence.

A cellular spike-in metagenomic method for absolute quantification of microorganisms in the aquatic environment is used to develop a risk assessment framework to support informed water quality management and policy decisions.

MorphLink is a computational framework that links tissue morphology changes to molecular alterations using spatial omics data, providing intuitive visualisations of cellular behaviours from both structural and molecular perspectives.

Chiroptically active pinwheel assemblies on substrates are formed by tetrahedral gold nanoparticles from the effective ‘compression’ of a perovskite-like, low-density phase, thereby enabling the manufacture of metastructured coatings with special chiroptical characteristics as identified by photon-induced near-field electron microscopy and chirality measures.

The realization and phonon imaging of nanoscale mechanical metamaterials has remained challenging. Here the authors resolve the phonon dynamics and band structures of five different self-assembled nanoparticle lattices, revealing the role of nanoscale colloidal interactions in modulating the lattice properties.