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Biomass DNA has potential in sustainable materials, but scalable production of robust DNA materials is challenging. Here, the authors report the development of a fast shrinking induced entanglement strategy for the preparation of rubber-like hydrogels composed entirely of DNA.

The authors report the time-reversal symmetry breaking superconductivity in the thin-flake kagome material RbV3Sb5, manifesting primarily as an unconventional form of hysteresis that is not observed in CsV3Sb5. They also observe reentrance of superconductivity during an in-plane field-sweeping process at 400 mK.

Identifying jets originating from heavy quarks plays a fundamental role in hadronic collider experiments. In this work, the ATLAS Collaboration describes and tests a transformer-based neural network architecture for jet flavour tagging based on low-level input and physics-inspired constraints.

Humanity’s Last Exam, a multi-modal benchmark at the frontier of human knowledge, is designed to be an expert-level closed-ended academic benchmark with broad subject coverage.

Cryogenic electron microscopy structures of human Ostα/β uncover a unique transport pathway featuring two substrate-binding sites connected by an amphipathic helix-gated conduit, and electrophysiological studies demonstrate voltage-sensitive, bidirectional transport, showing its efflux role in vivo.

Earth-abundant cobalt-based catalysts have shown promise to replace iridium as anode catalysts in proton-exchange-membrane water electrolysers, but unfortunately they exhibit high degradation rates. Now, a lanthanum and calcium co-modification of Co₃O₄ is presented, in which lanthanum tunes the water–surface interactions to suppress cobalt dissolution and improve stability, while calcium leaching creates coordinatively unsaturated cobalt sites, leading to enhanced activity.

Using ancient DNA, isotopes and proteomics, this work reveals social inequality and mobility in Eastern Zhou China, showing female sacrifices, dietary disparities across classes, kinship networks among elites, and rare evidence of social mobility.

Xiong et al. report a floating gate photoelectric array based on MoS₂ channel layer. By regulating the tunnelling efficiency of electric field-assisted photogenerated carrier, it simulates the cross-modal correlation plasticity observed in the primary cortex of brain, enabling visual perception hardware for secure image coding.

Organic electrochemical neuron sensors enable rapid, energy-efficient neural signal detection and modulation, supporting closed-loop neuromodulation and offering a promising platform for implantable neurotherapeutic applications.

Thymine DNA glycosylase (TDG) was identified as a synthetic-lethal target in p53-deficient cancers through alterations in double-stranded RNA accumulation. A covalent small-molecule inhibitor of TDG exhibited potent efficacy against p53-deficient tumors.

Achieving truly continuous and precise analog calculations using DNA neural networks is challenging. Here, the authors develop a fully analog DNA neural network system called CALCUL, that performs highly accurate weighted-sum operations and can be recycled.

This study provides robust evidence that Arctic warming affects precipitation variability in the mid-latitudes by modulating westerly waviness. Under global warming, extreme precipitation events in midlatitude regions will become more frequent.

Here the authors report a chiral hypervalent iodine(III)-catalyzed skeletal editing of pyrimidine moieties within polynitrogen heterocycles, efficiently producing optically pure multi-substituted imidazoline rings.

He et al. report a lanthanide-doping strategy for dual-halogen-alloyed perovskite microplates, which promotes phase segregation and facilitates ion migration in the alloyed case, while suppressing it in the phase-segregated state, resulting in dual-wavelength lasing in visible spectral region.

Targeting delivery of antibiotics and antibacterial agents can increase efficacy. Here, the authors develop antibiotic loaded inflammation-targeted fusion vesicles which hitchhike on neutrophils for targeted delivery to treatment bacterial-induced sepsis and pneumonia.

Biomimetic artificial nanochannels have potential applications in signal regulation and subcellular biosensing. Here authors present artificial nanochannels based on DNA-functionalized glass nanopipettes, which when targeted to mitochondria can be used to evaluate and manipulate the interaction network between mitochondria and other organelles.

DNA damage response inhibitors are a promising cancer therapy. Here, the authors show that combined PARP and ATR inhibition triggers ZBP1-dependent PANoptosis in cancer and normal cells, revealing a mechanism to balance efficacy and toxicity in DDR inhibitor therapies.

Near-infrared mechanoluminescence can be used in biostress imaging, but is subject to limitations in terms of the pre-irradiation process and low intensity. Here, the authors have circumvented these limitations by constructing an MgO/MgF₂:Cr³⁺ heterojunction piezo-photonics system.

This study shows that the transcriptional targets of NANOG recruits UTP15 to gene promoters in mESCs. There, UTP15 supports the formation of Pol II condensates, thereby activating pluripotency gene transcription independently of its classic role.

Exogenous iPSC-derived cells can activate endogenous cells to promote trabecular meshwork regeneration and restore aqueous humor outflow in glaucoma, providing insights into in situ regeneration, which may serve as an alternative to traditional cell therapy.

A new artificial intelligence model, DeepSeek-R1, is introduced, demonstrating that the reasoning abilities of large language models can be incentivized through pure reinforcement learning, removing the need for human-annotated demonstrations.

The ALICE Collaboration provides details on the microscopic mechanism that ends up creating antideuteron in high-energy proton–proton collisions at the Large Hadron Collider.

Hanging Coffins were a mortuary tradition practiced in southern China and Southeast Asia. Here, the authors show that different groups of ancient Hanging Coffin practitioners are genetically related, and that they are ancestors of present-day Bo people.

A nanofluidic chemoelectrical generator utilizing the Coulomb drag effect is developed to achieve enhanced current density, generating an amplified current of 1.2 mA cm⁻² and voltage of approximately 0.8 V, scalable linearly to tens of Volts.

Understanding protein synthesis in its cellular context is essential. Here, authors apply in situ cryo-EM to reveal the human ribosome at 2.2 Å resolution, capture 23 states, and uncover drug-specific translation features in native cells.

Industrial hydrogen production in acidic media is constrained by high overpotential and poor durability. Here, the authors report plasma-enhanced deposition of nanoedge enriched molybdenum oxycarbide electrocatalysts that enable efficient, durable, and high throughput hydrogen evolution.

This study identifies a primary oseltamivir-resistance mutation in influenza hemagglutinin, which arises independently and enhances resistance when combined with a known neuraminidase mutation, underscoring the need for broader antiviral surveillance beyond neuraminidase.

It is unclear how early-life urbanicity influences adult neurobehavioral traits. This study reveals that earlier menarche mediates the relationship between early-life urbanicity and adult neurobehavioral traits associated with mental disorders.

The mixed effects of personal, social, and environmental exposures on cardiometabolic health are still poorly understood. Here, the authors show that social deprivation within specific co-exposure patterns poses the greatest risk, with immune and inflammatory responses as key mediators.

Antarctic Bottom Water progressively filled more of the deep Southern Ocean through the last deglaciation, potentially contributing to the increase in atmospheric CO₂, according to neodymium isotope records from the Weddell–Enderby Basin.

Infection with SARS-CoV-2 during pregnancy may result in maternal and fetal complications. Here, the authors analyze 18 fetuses following maternal SARS-CoV-2 infection and identify distribution in fetal organs through vertical transmission.

A cross-ancestry GWAS meta-analyses of brainstem structures identify 713 associations. It reveals shared/distinct genetic architectures across ancestries/substructures and overlaps with neuropsychiatric disorders and physiological functions.

KCTD10 interacts with the DNA replication machinery and the RNA polymerase complex, inducing ubiquitination and removal of the transcription machinery in the event of co-directional transcription–replication conflicts.

In this Perspective, members of the Aging Biomarker Consortium outline the X-Age Project, an Aging Biomarker Consortium plan for building standardized aging clocks in China. The authors discuss the project roadmap and its aims of decoding aging heterogeneity, detecting accelerated aging early and evaluating geroprotective interventions.

This work describes FX-Cell and its derivatives to achieve single-cell RNA sequencing from challenging and cryopreserved plant tissues, expanding the scope of single-cell genomics across field-grown samples.

Nanofluidic hold promise for mimicking neural systems, yet replicating their complex spiking dynamics remains challenging. Here, authors developed a nanofluidic oscillating neuron (FON) that emulates spiking behaviors and encoding mechanisms of neurons, demonstrating programmable control over spiking patterns in response to both electrical and chemical stimuli.

Increasing evidence suggests that activation of oncogenic pathways contributes to an unfavorable tumor microenvironment. Here, the authors show that wild-type KRAS plays a key role in immune evasion in hepatocellular carcinoma by impairing interferon-mediated immunity and promoting resistance to immunotherapy via the EGFR/MEK/ERK pathway.

Interleukin-1β (IL-1β) is a proinflammatory factor related to cancer progression that is synthesized as a precursor named pro-interleukin-1β (Pro-IL-1β). Here, the authors discover that Pro-IL-1β presents a IL-1β-independent pro-metastatic function through RACK1 regulation and modulation of actin cytoskeleton remodeling.

Climate warming is projected to expand plant phosphorus limitation from 47% to 59% of global silicate rock areas. However, phosphorus release from accelerated chemical weathering of these rocks offsets about 15.5% of this increase.

Functionalization of C-H bonds typically requires harsh reagents or metal catalysts. Here the authors report a metal-free C-H sulfenylation/rearrangement to form C-S and S=N bonds under simple, biocompatible conditions, and apply this to the synthesis of fluorogenic phospholipid vesicles.

Treatments to cure chronic hepatitis B (HBV) infection are currently lacking. Here, the authors identify an HBV targeting siRNA that exhibits potent and broad-spectrum antiviral activity in preclinical animal models and demonstrates a favorable safety profile and functional cure indicators, promising clinical translation potential.