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Hu and colleagues report the development of autonomous cells with the ability to biosynthesise and genetically encode acetyllysine using the genetic code expansion method. This approach enables functional studies and offers a powerful strategy for protein engineering and epigenetics research.

A library preparation method using anchored random reverse primer sequencing for quantitative analysis of novel gene fusions from low-input samples.

The clinical adaptation of CRISPR assays is constrained by complexity and the absence of quality control. Here, authors report a thermally regulated asynchronous CRISPR-enhanced assay enabling direct, highly sensitive one-step detection of monkeypox virus and a human gene in clinical samples.

An efficient and stable Cu-18Zn-8Al-0.3V-0.3Si shape memory alloy for elastocaloric refrigeration has been developed. Its high performance stems from a unique composition-modulated microstructure that promotes the formation of non-twinned martensite.

An electrochemical cobalt-catalysed reductive coupling reaction between alkynes and cyclobutenes enables diastereodivergent cyclobutane synthesis. By modulating the steric and electronic properties of the proton source, the trans/cis diastereoselectivity is altered. Mechanistic studies indicate a Co(II)–hydride pathway, with selectivity arising from interactions between the cyclobutyl cobalt intermediate and the proton source.

Gene redundancy in prokaryotes remains understudied. This analysis shows redundant genes are widespread, with pathogens accumulating more than non-pathogens, and are linked to virulence of Acinetobacter baumannii.

A telomere-to-telomere gap-free pig genome assembly (T2T-pig1.0) for a Wuzhishan boar highlights Y chromosome structure and genomic regions potentially associated with body stature.

Mechanochemical probes allow for direct visualization of the stress and damage behaviors of polymeric materials but both processes cannot be simultaneously mapped with a single mechanophore. Here, the authors employed rhodamine-based mechanophores embedded in multiple network elastomers to visualize stress and damage under both homogeneous and inhomogeneous deformations.

Replicating the properties of spider silk in synthetic materials is desirable but challenging. Here, the authors report a wet-spinning method using anti-solvent phase separation for polymer hydrogel fibres with favourable structures and properties.

Single-atom catalysts (SACs) offer high atom utilization and efficiency, but their synthesis is challenging. This work realizes the mass production of sustainable SACs and demonstrates their application in vascular healing.

The CorA-associated type III-B CRISPR–Cas system synthesizes S-adenosyl methionine (SAM)-AMP, triggering immune responses. Through structural characterization and biochemical validation, Duan and Jin et al. unveil unique mechanisms for SAM-AMP synthesis and degradation and provide insights into the molecular basis of type III CRISPR–Cas signaling.

Skeletal muscle is central to whole-body energy balance. Here, Yang et al. show that MLL4-dependent enhancer activation is a key regulatory node for the governance of muscle metabolic efficiency and systemic metabolism via the control of muscle AMPK.

HOXA2 expression was inhibited by aberrant hypermethylation, leading to decreased SIRT1 levels, which could increase ATF6 acetylation and activation as well as subsequent ER stress, resulting in renal damage in CKD-related fibrosis.

China operates a national surveillance program for acute respiratory infections and sampled over 200,000 patients between 2009–2019. Here, the authors present results from this program and describe patterns by age, pathogen type, presence of pneumonia, and season.

Tobacco is not only an important industrial crop but also severs as a model for plant science research and chassis for plant metabolic engineering. Here, the authors report genome-scale metabolic regulatory network and reveal key transcriptional hubs for different metabolite biosynthesis.

Foamy macrophages are key to atherosclerosis but poorly understood. Here, the authors show that GPNMB regulates lipoprotein processing in macrophages, exacerbating pathological lipid accumulation, and revealing it as a therapeutic target whose inhibition reduces atherosclerosis in mice.

Surface reconstruction during reactions often generates unique active sites that boost catalytic performance. Here, the authors show that supported Ni₃InC₀.₅ nanoparticles undergo CO₂-induced surface oxidation, forming defective In₂O₃₋ₓ layers and inverse In₂O₃₋ₓ/Ni interfaces during CO₂ hydrogenation.

CABLE harnesses cytoarchitectural information such as cell or nuclear shape to infer fiber tracts in the brain of, for example, marmosets, macaques or humans.

Growth factor signalling has been shown to alleviate tissue fibrosis and promote repair. Here, the authors use fibroblast growth factor 7 (FGF7) knockout mice and an FGF7-loaded hydrogel to show that this factor can promote functional regeneration of tendon.

Modeling antibody-antigen complexes boosts biomedical research and therapeutic design. To tackle slow antibody development, the authors’ tFold System designs epitope-specific antibodies, with their nanomolar affinities experimentally confirmed.

KP.3.1.1 S S31del confers enhanced immune escape and increased infectivity, which is counterbalanced by NSP10 S33C. The opposing effects of these mutations highlight the complex interplay of viral genomic elements in shaping their overall fitness.

Metabolic syndrome (MS) is associated with enhanced risk to develop endometrial cancer (EC). Here, the authors show that oleic acid, increased in MS, promotes endometrial cancer by supporting the stability of the rate-limiting enzyme in polyamine metabolism ODC1 and polyamine accumulation.

Here authors show loss of AKAP11, a strong genetic risk factor for bipolar disorder and schizophrenia, disrupts PKA proteostasis and signaling, leading to widespread transcriptomic alterations across the brain, particularly in striatal neurons, as well as altered behavior.

Gut microbiota influence bone health, but the genetic and metabolic mechanisms are unclear. Here, the authors show that specific bifidobacterial taxa causally reduce bone mineral density, partly via n-3 fatty acid metabolism, highlighting host-microbe interactions with potential therapeutic implications.

Chiral N-heterocycles such as piperidines and tetrahydroisoquinolines are privileged structural motifs in drug discovery and pharmaceutical industry. Here, the authors report a regiospecific and enantioselective cyclizative aminoboration leading to a series of 2,3-cis-disubstituted piperidines as well as C1-substituted tetrahydroisoquinolines under copper catalytic conditions.

Accounting for errors arising from different high-throughput sequencing platforms and those arising from the approaches used to call variants are at the center of a controversy in RNA editing.

Here they show that PIEZO1, a force-sensing ion channel, is important for trophoblast fusion during placental development. It triggers calcium entry that activates the TMEM16F lipid scramblase, allowing cells to merge and support fetal development.

A data-driven dynamic model for inverter-based resources in power grids is proposed, which couples neural networks with a physical inverter interface, enabling the model output to follow physical laws and significantly improving the accuracy of grid stability studies.

Treating rheumatoid arthritis remains challenging as the pathological development involves multiple cells. Here, the authors develop an engineered microalgae to combat rheumatoid arthritis by suppressing osteoclasts for bone remodeling, and inhibiting macrophages for restoring immune homeostasis.

Cross-dehydrogenative coupling (CDC) allows the efficient construction of C−C and C−heteroatom bonds. Now, single-platinum-atom-decorated graphitic carbon nitride is applied as a heterogeneous photocatalyst for CDC reactions between (hetero)arenes and nucleophiles without external oxidants.

Field data reveal that thaw slumps on the Tibetan Plateau initially turn alpine grasslands from CO₂ sinks into sources by exposing bare ground; as slumps stabilize and vegetation returns, CO₂ exchange recovers toward a sink.

Diarrhoea is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in China. Here, the authors present results from a large sentinel surveillance scheme from 217 hospitals in all 31 provinces in mainland China, including ~150,000 patients with acute diarrhoea and covering years 2009-2018.

This study designs covalent organic frameworks with robust dipole moments, enabling efficient hydrogen and hydrogen peroxide production from pure water using mechanical vibration and light.

The alga Aureococcus anophagefferens can form dense brown-tide blooms partly because it adapts well to light changes. This study reveals two glutamate residues in its light-harvesting proteins as critical for dissipating excess light energy, supporting its survival and bloom formation.

This study presents InsightGWAS, a Transformer-based model that enhances migraine genetics by integrating functional annotations and leveraging transfer learning from MDD. It identifies 293 novel migraine risk loci, offering new mechanistic insights.

This research creates a terahertz plasmonic gradient metasurface for miniaturized spectroscopy. It enables continuous, broad spectral sensing without scanning, allowing real-time, label-free identification of multiple biomolecules.

Synaptic connectivity is fundamental to brain function. Liao et al. characterized the complex formed between secreted C1ql1 and the adhesion GPCR BAI3, unveiling a C1ql1-mediated assembly mechanism for synaptic connectivity in cerebral neurons.

Here they show that high blood sugar drives neutrophils to release 4-GBA, a Pad4 byproduct that blocks bone-forming stem cells. A peptide gel that traps 4-GBA restores jawbone healing in rats, rabbits and dogs, suggesting a local, immune-sparing therapy.

This study demonstrates how CO₂ directs defect control during the synthesis of Mn-rich sodium layered oxides, improving the stability and performance of earth-abundant positive electrode materials in non-aqueous sodium-based rechargeable batteries.

This study reveals that the protein AKAP11 plays a crucial role in regulating neuronal signaling and synaptic function by linking PKA activity to autophagy. Loss of AKAP11 distorts compartment-specific PKA and GSK3α/β activities and impairs neurotransmission, highlighting a shared molecular pathway between bipolar disorder and schizophrenia.

Polymer dielectrics are key for capacitors in energy applications but are hard to improve for high temperatures. This work uses artificial intelligence to design fillers with a large bandgap and high affinity, enabling durable, high-energy polyimide composites for harsh environments.

Molecular docking is a key tool in computational drug design by searching for numerous poses of ligands bonding to target molecules, which challenges conventional computing. Here, He et al. report a probabilistic computing hardware to accomplish this complex task via a device-architecture co-design.

Genomic, transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses from a population of 295 diverse sweet-corn inbred lines provide insights into kernel quality formation mechanisms and the divergence of sweet corn and field corn.