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This study reports that de novo germline missense variants in SF3B1, distinct from the somatic variants frequently observed in cancer, cause a neurodevelopmental disorder and disrupt global RNA splicing.

Most kiwifruit species are vulnerable to high levels of heat stress. Here, the authors report natural variation at the GATA transcription factor binding site of EGY3 gene mediates chloroplastic ROS homeostasis to confer kiwifruit thermotolerance.

Proteomic data from natural isolates of Saccharomyces cerevisiae provide insight into how these cells tolerate aneuploidy (an imbalance in the number of chromosomes), and reveal differences between lab-engineered aneuploids and diverse natural yeasts.

The precise manipulation of unfunctionalized hydrocarbons remains a fundamental challenge in chemical synthesis and catalysis. Here an organocatalytic asymmetric hydroxylation of bicyclobutanes with alcohols is disclosed, enabling efficient access to tertiary cyclopropylcarbinyl ethers with high enantioselectivity (up to 98:2 e.r.).

Identifying jets originating from heavy quarks plays a fundamental role in hadronic collider experiments. In this work, the ATLAS Collaboration describes and tests a transformer-based neural network architecture for jet flavour tagging based on low-level input and physics-inspired constraints.

Global Burden of Disease estimates show that between 1990 and 2023, the prevalence and burden of drug use disorders, inclusive of amphetamine, cannabis, cocaine and opioid use, have been increasing in high-income countries, particularly in the USA.

CDK4/6 inhibitors are promising treatments for ER+ breast cancer, however resistance remains a challenge. Here, the authors analyse the NeoPalANA cohort and indicate that a 33 gene signature was predictive of response to neoadjuvant anastrozole and palbociclib.

Zinc is an essential micronutrient for plants, however its excess causes cellular damage. Here, the authors report that natural variation of Trichome Birefringence (TBR) gene confers zinc toxicity tolerance through modulating root cell wall pectin methylesterification in Arabidopsis.

By combining satellite observations with ground-based data and expert validation, this analysis demonstrates considerable misestimation of grassland extent and thereby carbon stock estimates in previous global assessments based on remote sensing.

Humanity’s Last Exam, a multi-modal benchmark at the frontier of human knowledge, is designed to be an expert-level closed-ended academic benchmark with broad subject coverage.

Prostate cancer incidence and mortality rates vary across males from diverse populations. Here, the authors perform a proteome-wide association study across different populations and establish population-specific genetic prediction models.

Applications of optical laser-based techniques are limited by the long wavelengths of the lasers. Now, observations of phonons and thermal transport at nanometre length scales are reported with an all-hard X-ray transient-grating spectroscopy technique.

Estimates from the Global Burden of Disease study reveal declines in chronic respiratory disease mortality between 1990 and 2023—especially during the COVID-19 pandemic—but the burdens on people affected remain substantial.

Liu et al. report Chinese normative lifespan brain charts showing later neurodevelopmental milestones than those detected in Western cohorts. Individual deviations from these norms are valuable in assessing clinical risk and outcomes.

Analysis combining multiple global tree databases reveals that whether a location is invaded by non-native tree species depends on anthropogenic factors, but the severity of the invasion depends on the native species diversity.

Integrating semiconductor p-n junctions with magnetic materials yields van der Waals heterojunctions as an ideal low-power spintronic platform. Zhu et al. report an abnormal zero-bias spin voltage effect arising from non-equilibrium spin diffusion.

It is unclear how early-life urbanicity influences adult neurobehavioral traits. This study reveals that earlier menarche mediates the relationship between early-life urbanicity and adult neurobehavioral traits associated with mental disorders.

The authors develop textile electronic substrates with tailored stiffness and interfacial affinities by selective and controllable laser-matter interaction, addressing the mechanical mismatch between hybrid electronics and elastic textiles.

MK-7762 is a new oxazolidinone antitubercular agent that is structurally similar to linezolid, and demonstrated in vivo efficacy, lesion penetration and limited toxicity compared to linezolid, indicating it could be used in broad tuberculosis regimens.

Here, longitudinal and transverse conductivity is studied in cadmium single crystals, finding that the amplitude of the first ten Sondheimer oscillations is determined by the quantum of conductance and a length scale that depends on the sample thickness, the magnetic length and the Fermi surface geometry.

A new self-assembled monolayer at the buried interface of inverted perovskite solar cells improves photostability and favours energy transfer, resulting in devices with a certified power conversion efficiency of 27.19% and 1,500-h stability under the ISOS-L-2 protocol.

cellSTAAR advances noncoding rare variant association analysis by integrating single-cell genomics data.

The ALICE Collaboration provides details on the microscopic mechanism that ends up creating antideuteron in high-energy proton–proton collisions at the Large Hadron Collider.

The current unbalance between the performance of n-type and p-type 2D transistors limits their applications for next-generation electronics. Here, the authors report the realization of high-performance 2D MoTe₂ p-type transistors by depositing metallic tellurium contacts via thermal evaporation.

cAMP export by ABCC4 is critical for localized signaling. Here, the authors revealed that PKA activation drives ABCC4 to the plasma membrane and organizes a PDZ-dependent protein network with actin cytoskeleton and scaffolds, like SCRIB, that stabilize the transporter and optimize cAMP efflux. Furthermore, the authors show that the potent ABCC4 inhibitor Ceefourin 2 disrupts this network, revealing a non-canonical mechanism of ABCC4 inhibition.

Polymer thin films that emit and absorb circularly polarised light are promising in achieving important technological advances, but the origin of the large chiroptical effects in such films has remained elusive. Here the authors demonstrate that in non-aligned polymer thin films, large chiroptical effects are caused by magneto-electric coupling, not structural chirality as previously assumed.

A bookkeeping approach shows that disturbed tropical humid forests experienced net aboveground carbon loss during 1990–2020, primarily driven by small but persistent deforestation clearings owing to persistent land-use conversion without forest regrowth.

Catalytic asymmetric synthesis of stable, acyclic N-stereogenic amines by the addition of enol silanes to nitronium ions that ion pair to a confined chiral anion is described.

Two-dimensional metal halide perovskites exhibit diverse structures, but tuning their intralayer structure is challenging. Now, ammonium-terminated bidentate linkers have been used to develop 2D perovskites. These materials exhibit superior thermal resistance and improved photovoltaic performance compared with their Ruddlesden–Popper and Dion–Jacobson counterparts.

Nitrogen-fixing bacteria offer a promising route to reduce reliance on synthetic fertilizers, but their effectiveness is hindered by environmental stresses that limit survival on leaf surfaces. This study introduces a nanocoating strategy that enables robust foliar colonization of Klebsiella variicola, enhancing nitrogen fixation and improving rice yield under low-fertilizer conditions.

Nickel-catalysed cross-coupling reactions generally use Ni(II) or Ni(0) precatalysts. Here the authors report thermally stable dinuclear Ni(I) complexes with commercial isocyanide ligands for the efficient catalysis in Kumada, Suzuki–Miyaura and Buchwald–Hartwig cross-coupling reactions.

Using a molecular engineering approach, wafer-scale uniaxially oriented Te nanowire thin films are synthesized with excellent controllability and uniformity. The anchor-rope structural molecules form a periodic self-assembled supramolecular membrane, which facilitates the adsorption and well-arranged growth of Te nanowires on grooved sapphire.

Ionic liquid additives increase the power conversion efficiency of perovskite solar cells, but their effect on perovskite crystallization remains unclear. Xu et al. provide mechanistic insights and demonstrate improved operational stability under continous illumination and 90 °C thermal stress.

Characterizing the genetic architecture underlying egg production is important for chicken breeding. Here, the authors integrate RNA and whole-genome sequencing data to better understand the genetic regulation of egg production in chickens.

Here, the authors report an exome-wide association study for multi-organ imaging traits by leveraging recent bioinformatic tools such as AlphaMissense. The identified signals elucidate the genetic effects from rare variants on human organs and their connections to complex diseases

A cross-ancestry GWAS meta-analyses of brainstem structures identify 713 associations. It reveals shared/distinct genetic architectures across ancestries/substructures and overlaps with neuropsychiatric disorders and physiological functions.

There are limited vaccines available for Ebola virus and none for broad protection from filoviruses. Here, the authors rationally design vaccines using nanoparticles and stabilized Ebola virus and other filovirus glycoproteins, characterize antibody epitopes and profile lymph node and antibody responses in mice.

Lung adenocarcinomas bearing the ID2 mutational signature display increased LINE-1 retrotransposon activity, which contributes to their fast evolutionary dynamics and aggressive phenotype.

Biosynthesis of all androgens from cholesterol first requires cytochrome P450 (CYP) 11A1 for generation of pregnanes and then CYP17A1 for biosynthesis of androgens, but CYP17A1 inhibition cannot completely inhibit androgen biosynthesis in prostate cancer. Here, the authors identify a role for CYP51A1 in the biosynthesis of androgens that completely bypasses the requirement for CYP17A1 and demonstrate that CYP51A1 is essential for the biosynthesis of ¹³C-testosterone from ¹³C-cholesterol in prostate cancer cells.

This study proposes a p-block metal coordination strategy to engineer the single-atom Fe sites for improving the selectivity of Fe^IV = O generation in peroxymonosulfate (PMS)-based Fenton-like reactions

The predicted increase in frequency of droughts and rising temperatures in Europe will lead core populations of a temperate plant to an evolutionary dead-end unless they acquire genetic alleles that are present only in extreme edge Mediterranean, Scandinavian, or Siberian populations.

The tolerogenic activity of type 1 conventional dendritic cells (cDC1s) is determined by EPOR, which is preferentially expressed in cDC1s and induces antigen-specific FOXP3-expressing regulatory T cells.

Here, as part of the Sherlock-Lung study, the authors profile the microbiomes of 940 lung cancers in never smokers finding no significant associations with demographic and clinical features, suggesting lung bacteria are unlikely to have a sizable role in lung cancer.

CaBLAM is a bioluminescent genetically encoded calcium indicator that delivers high-contrast signals as shown in cell culture, in the in vivo mouse brain and in zebrafish larvae.

The authors show that the CD4 mimetic CJF-III-288 stabilizes HIV-1 Env in an asymmetric “open” State-3 conformation, guiding anti-CoRBS antibodies to boost ADCC against infected cells and delay viral rebound in vivo, underscoring therapeutic promise.

T cells have been shown to have a function in chronic lung inflammation in COPD. Here the authors characterise the single cell transcriptional profile of T cells after smoke inhalation in mouse models showing changes in TCR repertoire and Il17a expression in γδ T cells, suggesting smoke-associated γδ T cells are involved in COPD inflammation and implicating γδT17 cells as a possible target for early prevention and treatment of COPD.

The authors uncover a direct, BAI1-dependent, role for C1q in the control of neural stem cell proliferation and quiescence via MDM2–p53 and p32, a complement cascade-independent mechanism of C1q action that has implications for central nervous system health and disease.

The reaction F + H₂ → HF + H is the only source of interstellar HF, but studying it at relevant cold temperatures has proved problematic. Now, the rates of this reaction have been measured at various temperatures down to 11 K and their remarkable agreement with state-of-the-art quantum mechanical calculations has been shown. (Background © Image Asset Management/Alamy)