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Most studies assessing food self-sufficiency look at calories and neglect nutrient gaps. Comparing food demand and potential food production under land and water constraints, this study quantifies 9 key nutrient gaps for each of African’s 54 countries.

Luppi et al. identify transcriptomic and connectomic controllers of information integration and its breakdown induced by anaesthesia in humans, macaques, marmosets and mice.

Spin transport properties of magnetically ordered materials have been well studied. Here, the authors report an anomalous spin signal exhibiting spin transport over 480 microns in the frustrated hyperkagome magnetic insulator Gd₃Ga₅O₁₂.

A new self-assembled monolayer at the buried interface of inverted perovskite solar cells improves photostability and favours energy transfer, resulting in devices with a certified power conversion efficiency of 27.19% and 1,500-h stability under the ISOS-L-2 protocol.

How the brain supports speaking and listening during conversation of its natural form remains poorly understood. Here, by combining intracranial EEG recordings with Natural Language Processing, the authors show broadly distributed frontotemporal neural signals that encode context-dependent linguistic information during both speaking and listening..

By combining satellite observations with ground-based data and expert validation, this analysis demonstrates considerable misestimation of grassland extent and thereby carbon stock estimates in previous global assessments based on remote sensing.

We evaluated the use of chimeric antigen receptor-modified T cells targeting GD2 (GD2-CART) for H3K27M⁺ diffuse midline glioma (DMG), finding that intravenous administration of GD2-CART, followed by intracranial infusions, induced tumour regressions and neurological improvements in patients with H3K27M-mutant pontine or spinal DMG.

Identifying jets originating from heavy quarks plays a fundamental role in hadronic collider experiments. In this work, the ATLAS Collaboration describes and tests a transformer-based neural network architecture for jet flavour tagging based on low-level input and physics-inspired constraints.

The nuclear clock transition of ^229mTh in ²²⁹Th:CaF₂ crystals is characterized as a function of doping concentration, temperature and time, demonstrating high reproducibility and identifying ideal operating characteristics of these crystals as nuclear clocks.

The authors describe a localized toxicity syndrome that is associated with immunotherapy treatment for CNS tumors and propose a new grading scale—with the goal of promoting research and standardizing both reporting and management.

Two main acceleration mechanisms in the auroral acceleration region are electric potential and Alfvénic acceleration but associated energy dynamics are not completely resolved. Here, the authors show that Alfvén waves power the Earth’s auroral arc through a static potential drop in the auroral acceleration region.

Global household material use is highly unequal: the top 10% drive roughly a third of footprints and most of the overshoot beyond safe limits. Curbing affluent overconsumption, while securing decent material floors, should be a central policy lever to cut material demand quickly and fairly.

Magnetic heliknotons are hopfions embedded in helical spin backgrounds. Current-induced nucleation and Hall-effect-free motion of isolated magnetic heliknotons is demonstrated in the chiral magnet FeGe.

Chemical language models trained on known metabolites can identify previously unknown metabolites from mass spectrometry-based metabolomics data with high accuracy.

Sequences of 137 ancient and 502 modern human genomes illuminate the population history of the Eurasian steppes after the Bronze Age and document the replacement of Indo-European speakers of West Eurasian ancestry by Turkic-speaking groups of East Asian ancestry.

The extreme hot and dry conditions of 2023 reduced soil respiration and enhanced net forest carbon sequestration in Canada, offsetting wildfire emissions, according to satellite-based and in situ observations of CO₂ fluxes.

This study introduces a flexible, wearable system using a liquid metal dynamic wetting strategy to capture palm and finger movements in real time with high precision, showing potential for applications in XR, teleoperation, and robotics.

The magnitude of the increase in global river flow between 1980 and 2014 is 13.6% lower than Earth system models estimate and is expected to be 9.3% lower in the future, according to an analysis of emerging constraints on the components of the water cycle.

Liu et al. report Chinese normative lifespan brain charts showing later neurodevelopmental milestones than those detected in Western cohorts. Individual deviations from these norms are valuable in assessing clinical risk and outcomes.

Cellular fate decisions are governed by the equilibrium between inhibitor of apoptosis proteins (IAPs) and pro-apoptotic proteins (PAPs). Li et al. reveal that histone acetylation homeodynamics orchestrates this critical decision-making process by shifting the balance toward either survival or apoptosis.

Non-nutritive sensory components of high-fat diet, such as bacon flavour, are sufficient to impair metabolic health in offspring in mice.

This Review outlines the fundamental role of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapy for children, adolescents and young adults (CAYAs) with relapsed and/or refractory B cell acute lymphoblastic leukaemia, emphasizing the crucial need to further exploit CAR T cells and other immunotherapies to improve survival with broadened access across disease states. Opportunities and challenges for expanding CAR T cell therapy to other haematological and non-haematological malignancies in CAYAs are also discussed.

This study provides prognostic models for clinical translation and reveals methylation biomarkers and mechanisms of CAD adverse outcomes.

Global material use is rising unsustainably, but its distribution across individuals remains unclear. A study now reveals deep inequality in household material footprints, especially for non-renewable resources, and suggests that curbing overconsumption among the wealthy is key to sustainability.

Trends in global H₂ sources and sinks are analysed from 1990 to 2020, and a comprehensive budget for the decade 2010–2020 is presented.

Despite recent advances with trappedion-based platforms, achieving quantum networks with link efficiency greater than unity on metropolitan scales is still a challenge. Here, the authors demonstrate a multiplexed quantum network generating heralded entanglement at a rate faster than local decoherence.

Disorder in quantum magnetic materials can mimic the behaviour of quantum spin liquids, however, quantifying disorder is challenging, often requiring magnetic fields large enough to fully polarize the system. Here, Kim, Rathi and coauthors show how the fine spectroscopic structure of magnetization plateaus can be used to quantify disorder in magnetic insulators.

Transient glaciation simulation during the last 3 Ma highlighted that extensive valley glaciations over High Mountain Asia began from 1.5 ~ 0.9 Ma, but the exact timing diverges across monsoonal- and westerly-influenced regions.

It is unclear how early-life urbanicity influences adult neurobehavioral traits. This study reveals that earlier menarche mediates the relationship between early-life urbanicity and adult neurobehavioral traits associated with mental disorders.

Here authors show loss of AKAP11, a strong genetic risk factor for bipolar disorder and schizophrenia, disrupts PKA proteostasis and signaling, leading to widespread transcriptomic alterations across the brain, particularly in striatal neurons, as well as altered behavior.

Breakthrough metasurfaces generate “perfect” optical vortices with an unchanging size over distance, charge, and wavelength—a key benefit for robust optical communications and imaging systems.

The paper demonstrates a ferroelectric photosensor array that integrates image memorization, low-level processing, and high-level computing. It uses dynamic and switchable photovoltages to perform image tasks, leveraging the bulk photovoltaic effect for enhanced precision and reliability.

Simultaneous profiling of spatial transcriptomics (ST) and metabolomics (SM) offers a novel way to decode tissue microenvironment heterogeneity. Here, the authors present SpatialMETA, a conditional variational autoencoder-based framework designed for the integration of ST and SM data.

A cross-ancestry GWAS meta-analyses of brainstem structures identify 713 associations. It reveals shared/distinct genetic architectures across ancestries/substructures and overlaps with neuropsychiatric disorders and physiological functions.

Researchers applied high resolution inversions of satellite methane observations to estimate methane emissions from 161 countries, finding that global anthropogenic emissions are 15% larger than Paris Agreement reporting.

The H9N2 avian influenza viruses (AIVs) remain dominant in live poultry markets in China, and H9N2 AIVs with HA-Q226L, PB2-V/K627 and NP-N52 mutations can be transmitted between guinea pigs and between ferrets via direct contact and respiratory droplet.

The biological clock model LifeClock predicts biological age across all life stages from routine clinical data, revealing distinct pediatric and adult disease risk patterns.

Existing datasets of nitrogen (N) balance in agriculture are often discrepant. Comparing 13 of them regarding five metrics (fertilizer application, manure application, biological N fixation, atmospheric deposition, and N harvested as crop products) over 1961–2015 reveals why. Recommendations for improving N quantification and an N budget benchmark dataset are also proposed.

A comprehensive phylogeny and taxonomy for the medically and ecologically important genus Artemisia remain unavailable. Here, the authors combine genomic data with morphological analyses to reconstruct the most comprehensive phylogeny and taxonomy of global Artemisia.

We report direct measurement of repulsive van der Waals forces on suspended graphene using atomic force microscopy. The strong repulsive forces substantially lower the wettability of suspended graphene.

It is uncertain how much life expectancy of the Chinese population would improve under current and greater policy targets on lifestyle-based risk factors for chronic diseases and mortality behaviours. Here we report a simulation of how improvements in four risk factors, namely smoking, alcohol use, physical activity and diet, could affect mortality. We show that in the ideal scenario, that is, all people who currently smokers quit smoking, excessive alcohol userswas reduced to moderate intake, people under 65 increased moderate physical activity by one hour and those aged 65 and older increased by half an hour per day, and all participants ate 200 g more fresh fruits and 50 g more fish/seafood per day, life expectancy at age 30 would increase by 4.83 and 5.39 years for men and women, respectively. In a more moderate risk reduction scenario referred to as the practical scenario, where improvements in each lifestyle factor were approximately halved, the gains in life expectancy at age 30 could be half those of the ideal scenario. However, the validity of these estimates in practise may be influenced by population-wide adherence to lifestyle recommendations. Our findings suggest that the current policy targets set by the Healthy China Initiative could be adjusted dynamically, and a greater increase in life expectancy would be achieved.

The contribution of the extracellular matrix and its degradation to the aging process is not well understood. Here, the authors show that degraded elastin fragments, which increase in the circulation with age, promote aging, while counteracting elastin fragment signals alleviates inflammation, promotes healthy aging and extends lifespan.

This study shows how the links between somatic passenger mutations in tumors and normal cell transcriptomes can be used to infer cell-of-origin in lung adenocarcinoma.

Tian et al. show that RNA folding limits extensive base pairing among mRNAs in Drosophila germ granules. Instead, mRNAs interact via scattered bases exposed on the surface of folded RNAs, which may preserve proper gene function during development.

Here, the authors develop simple methods for synthesizing and isolating high-purity N–H ketimines and N–H ketimine hydrochlorides via the dehydration-condensation of ketones with stoichiometric ammonia, generated in situ with inorganic solid acid catalysts.

A directional electrodynamic decomposition method using a LaNiO₃ sacrificial layer is proposed for freestanding films. It boosts oxide film release rate to 600 mm² /min via electric field-enhanced adsorption energy and electron transfer.

Rechargeable magnesium batteries suffer from slow solid-state Mg²⁺diffusion in the intercalation cathode. Here the authors show magnesium/iodine chemistry in which the liquid–solid two-phase reaction leads to increased rate capabilities by overcoming the sluggish kinetics.

Existing photo-controlled CRISPR diagnostic methods suffer from limited universality, high cost, and low detection efficiency. Here, the authors develop a photo-caging strategy designed for the direct repeat (DR) region of Cas12a crRNA, enabling a broadly applicable one-pot detection platform