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Functional and structural characterization of PtmA2 reveals that it is an unusual non-adenylating acyl-CoA ligase and part of a system wherein the canonical acyl-CoA ligase reaction is separated into two half-reactions performed by distinct enzymes.

Single-cell RNA sequencing and assay for transposase-accessible chromatin using sequencing profiling of human retinal samples from diverse ancestries create an epitranscriptomic atlas characterizing over 130 cell types. Integration with genome-wide association study and expression quantitative trait loci data provides further insights into gene regulation and disease etiology.

This study introduces a flexible, wearable system using a liquid metal dynamic wetting strategy to capture palm and finger movements in real time with high precision, showing potential for applications in XR, teleoperation, and robotics.

cellSTAAR advances noncoding rare variant association analysis by integrating single-cell genomics data.

Fracto-mechanoluminescence is the emission of light from fracturing solids. Here, the authors show that this emission in Mn halides arises from elastic stiffness, electromechanical coupling, and trap states that activate Mn²⁺ d−d transitions.

Jahn-Teller distortions alter molecular structures, but are usually only probed on the basis of electronic signatures. Here, the authors demonstrate that tip-enhanced Raman imaging in real space can map the associated vibrational changes in a single molecule.

Analysis combining multiple global tree databases reveals that whether a location is invaded by non-native tree species depends on anthropogenic factors, but the severity of the invasion depends on the native species diversity.

Flooding threatens urban economies via direct damages and supply-chain disruptions. Losses grow nonlinearly: wealthier cities incur larger absolute losses, while poorer cities face higher relative impacts, highlighting tailored resilience measures.

Root-knot nematodes locate host plants by sensing microbial volatiles shaped by plant defence metabolites, revealing a surprising ecological link between plant chemistry, soil microbes and parasite behaviour in the rhizosphere.

The 4D Nucleome Project demonstrates the use of genomic assays and computational methods to measure genome folding and then predict genomic structure from DNA sequence, facilitating the discovery of potential effects of genetic variants, including variants associated with disease, on genome structure and function.

Characterizing the genetic architecture underlying egg production is important for chicken breeding. Here, the authors integrate RNA and whole-genome sequencing data to better understand the genetic regulation of egg production in chickens.

Negative refraction—light bending opposite to conventional refraction—and a hyperlens effect is observed in an excitonic system in the two-dimensional magnet CrSBr. The effect is mediated by the magnetic order of the material.

Magnetic heliknotons are hopfions embedded in helical spin backgrounds. Current-induced nucleation and Hall-effect-free motion of isolated magnetic heliknotons is demonstrated in the chiral magnet FeGe.

Chemical language models trained on known metabolites can identify previously unknown metabolites from mass spectrometry-based metabolomics data with high accuracy.

There is an unmet medical need for endometrial cancer patients with mismatch-repair proficient disease. Here, the authors report the primary analysis of the FRUSICA-1 phase Ib/II trial evaluating fruquintinib plus sintilimab in this population, showing an ORR of 32.7%, a median PFS of 8.6 months, and manageable toxicity.

Researchers studied the blood-based metabolome of over 23,000 people from ten ethnically diverse cohorts. They identified 235 metabolites associated with future risk of type 2 diabetes (T2D). By integrating genetic and modifiable lifestyle factors, their findings provide insights into T2D mechanisms and could improve risk prediction and inform precision prevention.

Polymer thin films that emit and absorb circularly polarised light are promising in achieving important technological advances, but the origin of the large chiroptical effects in such films has remained elusive. Here the authors demonstrate that in non-aligned polymer thin films, large chiroptical effects are caused by magneto-electric coupling, not structural chirality as previously assumed.

Prostate cancer incidence and mortality rates vary across males from diverse populations. Here, the authors perform a proteome-wide association study across different populations and establish population-specific genetic prediction models.

A combination of biochemical, cell biological and electron microscopy analyses reveal a ‘nucleotide code’ that coordinates Lis1–dynein binding stoichiometry, which in turn governs Lis1’s ability to relieve dynein autoinhibition.

The xylosyltransferase isoenzymes XT1 and XT2 catalyze the first glycosylation step in the biosynthesis of proteoglycans. Now, bump-and-hole engineering of XT1 and XT2 enables substrate profiling and modification of proteins as designer proteoglycans to modulate cellular behavior.

Vassy, Dornisch and colleagues developed a genomics-based prostate cancer risk model to support a randomized clinical trial of precision screening in a national healthcare system.

The ALICE Collaboration provides details on the microscopic mechanism that ends up creating antideuteron in high-energy proton–proton collisions at the Large Hadron Collider.

Transcription factor osr2 is identified as a specific marker and regulator of mural lymphatic endothelial cell (muLEC) differentiation and maintenance, and muLECs and border-associated macrophages share functional analogies but are not homologous, providing an example of convergent evolution.

Genetic models for psychiatric disorders often overlook ancestry diversity. Here, the authors use PsychENCODE and GWAS data to build ancestry-specific GReX models, improving TWAS and revealing novel genes and pathways linked to brain development and psychiatric risk.

Natural disasters induce power outages with unequal impacts on poverty and non-poverty counties in China. Climate change will further exacerbate this disparity.

Liquid-based direct air capture relies on natural gas combustion to drive calcination. Here, the authors present a solar-driven hydrogen-fluidized solar calciner integrated with on-site CO₂ conversion to produce sustainable aviation fuel. The analysis shows its economic feasibility.

CLASSIC is a high-throughput genetic profiling platform that combines long- and short-read next-generation-sequencing modalities to quantitatively assess pools of constructs of arbitrary length containing diverse genetic part compositions.

The somitic mesoderm is seen as the main source of brown adipose tissue, although some depots are of partially unknown origin. Here, the authors show that Osr1 labels multipotent dorsal aorta progenitors at E9.5 that contribute to cartilage, muscle, and adipose tissues, revealing a non-somitic contribution to several brown adipose depots.

Myeloid derived suppressor cells (MDSC) use different metabolic mechanisms to adapt to the tumour microenvironment. Here the authors show that 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (6PGD) is important for MSDC function and that blockade of 6PGD impaired MDSC function and suppresses tumour growth leading to metabolic and functional changes in the MDSC and a more pro-inflammatory phenotype.

Carbon dots can serve as drug delivery systems, enhancing drug solubility, bioavailability and accumulation within tumours while reducing off target effects. Here, the authors report a quadruple-conjugated nanomodel consisting of two targeting peptides and two anticancer agents using carbon dots as nanocarriers, demonstrating its cytotoxicity in multiple high-grade glioma cell lines.

PanoSpace enhances low-resolution spatial transcriptomics data to reconstruct continuous tissue maps at single-cell resolution. In cancer tissues and mouse brain, it refines cell localization, identity, gene expression and microenvironmental interactions.

Addressing how the nitrogen-induced changes in plant diversity differ from those in soil organisms is critical. This global meta-analysis suggests that nitrogen enrichment has stronger negative effects on plant diversity but modest to negligible effects on soil bacterial and fungal diversity.

The authors develop textile electronic substrates with tailored stiffness and interfacial affinities by selective and controllable laser-matter interaction, addressing the mechanical mismatch between hybrid electronics and elastic textiles.

A cross-ancestry GWAS meta-analyses of brainstem structures identify 713 associations. It reveals shared/distinct genetic architectures across ancestries/substructures and overlaps with neuropsychiatric disorders and physiological functions.

Ensuring accurate state monitoring is vital for battery safety and efficiency in electric vehicles. Here, authors present mechanistically guided residual learners that integrate mechanistic knowledge and machine learning to enable continuous, reliable battery state tracking over the entire lifespan.

In this study, the authors reveal two hippocampal neuron subpopulations that encode time or distance via opposing ramping dynamics. These populations form parallel circuits controlled by distinct interneurons, PV for initiation and SST for maintenance of encoding.

It is unclear how early-life urbanicity influences adult neurobehavioral traits. This study reveals that earlier menarche mediates the relationship between early-life urbanicity and adult neurobehavioral traits associated with mental disorders.

Gas evolution severely limits the performance of LiFe_xMn_1−xPO₄ batteries, yet its mechanisms remain unclear. Now it has been shown that CO₂ originates mainly from the cathode and H₂ from Mn/Fe-catalysed reactions at the anode, while a uniform carbon coating effectively suppresses metal dissolution and stabilizes cycling.

Schisantherin A (Sin A), a bioactive lignan from Schisandra chinensis, alleviates obesity and liver fat accumulation in mice, but the mechanisms are incompletely understood. Here the authors show that Sin A mitigates obesity and related metabolic disorders by elevating circulating conjugated bile acids, which in turn modulate adipose tissue thermogenesis in mice.

Owing to electron localization, two-dimensional materials are not expected to be metallic at low temperatures, but a field-induced quantum metal phase emerges in NbSe₂, whose behaviour is consistent with the Bose-metal model.

Using a molecular engineering approach, wafer-scale uniaxially oriented Te nanowire thin films are synthesized with excellent controllability and uniformity. The anchor-rope structural molecules form a periodic self-assembled supramolecular membrane, which facilitates the adsorption and well-arranged growth of Te nanowires on grooved sapphire.

T cells have been shown to have a function in chronic lung inflammation in COPD. Here the authors characterise the single cell transcriptional profile of T cells after smoke inhalation in mouse models showing changes in TCR repertoire and Il17a expression in γδ T cells, suggesting smoke-associated γδ T cells are involved in COPD inflammation and implicating γδT17 cells as a possible target for early prevention and treatment of COPD.

A simple cut can wake up a dormant plant. New research uncovers how a wound instructs buds to resume cell division and sugar transport, driving them to sprout.

Detection of hot intracluster gas in SPT2349−56 with the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array provides new insights into early cluster formation.

The extreme hot and dry conditions of 2023 reduced soil respiration and enhanced net forest carbon sequestration in Canada, offsetting wildfire emissions, according to satellite-based and in situ observations of CO₂ fluxes.

Two-dimensional metal halide perovskites exhibit diverse structures, but tuning their intralayer structure is challenging. Now, ammonium-terminated bidentate linkers have been used to develop 2D perovskites. These materials exhibit superior thermal resistance and improved photovoltaic performance compared with their Ruddlesden–Popper and Dion–Jacobson counterparts.

With rich, multi-layered baseline data and long-term follow-up through linkage, the HELIOS Study provides a resource to investigate the behavioural, environmental, genomic, and molecular factors impacting health in Asian populations.

Accurate projections of heating and cooling needs are vital for planning energy use and achieving the sustainable development goals. A global dataset now maps global heating and cooling degree days, finding future hotspots, rising cooling demand and early shifts in energy needs with major global impacts.

Results of the phase 1/2 TACTOPS trial show that autologous T cell therapy targeting PRAME, SSX2, MAGEA4, Survivin and NY-ESO-1 in patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma is feasible and safe, and leads to encouraging clinical responses and evidence of antigen spreading in responders.

The origin of the nematic state in the kagome metal CsTi₃Bi₅ remains unclear. Here, using polarization-dependent angle-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy and ab initio based field theoretical methods, the authors propose a d-wave nematic order driven by electronic correlations via an orbital-selective mechanism.