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Metabolite signatures were identified for subtypes of dietary carbohydrate, including added sugar, whole grain and refined grain, and showed different associations with type 2 diabetes, providing an objective measure of dietary risk.

Dendrobium is a genus of mostly epiphytic and lithophytic orchids. Here, the authors conduct comparative genome analysis for 24 chromosome-level genome assemblies and genome skimming sequencing data for 204 species in this genus, and reveal genomic variation, biosynthesis and evolutionary adaptation in Dendrobium orchids.

This study evaluates the potential of wetland conservation and restoration to improve water quality and highlights the important role of wetlands in nitrogen removal across European river basins.

Electrocatalytic co-reduction of CO₂ and NO₃ ^- for urea synthesis is constrained by low efficiency. Here, the stable Cu^δ+ active sites, regulated by an analogous rectifying interface effect, not only enhanced the critical C-N coupling dynamics but also enabled high-performance urea synthesis.

Here, as part of the Sherlock-Lung study, the authors profile the microbiomes of 940 lung cancers in never smokers finding no significant associations with demographic and clinical features, suggesting lung bacteria are unlikely to have a sizable role in lung cancer.

A combination of scanning probe microscopy and quantum sensing is used to investigate changes in water structure under confinement. A liquid–solid phase transition is observed in thin films of water below a confinement size of 2 nm at ambient temperature.

The enzyme PCMT1 was found to install a C-terminal cyclic imide modification on proteins that marks them for degradation by CRBN, uncovering a conserved protein turnover pathway with implications in metabolism and neurological function.

The authors show that NAT10 is upregulated with T cell antigen receptor signaling and that T cell-specific NAT10 deficiency results in diminished numbers of naive T cells, translating to an inability to mount a significant antiviral T cell response.

Acoustic black hole metamaterials are conventionally based on thickness engineering. Here, authors develop a density-power law approach for the fabrication of a composite material that achieves deep-subwavelength wave absorption operations, at ultralow frequencies (25–1200 Hz) and with a 24.5 Hz threshold frequency.

The CMS Collaboration reports the measurement of the spin, parity, and charge conjugation properties of all-charm tetraquarks, exotic fleeting particles formed in proton–proton collisions at the Large Hadron Collider.

A heat-shrinking method—in which semi-liquid metal-based circuits are printed on thermoplastic films that subsequently shrink and wrap around a target object when mildly heated—can be used to create conformal electronics on various substrates, including plants and skin.

Existing methods for the modification of exosomes adversely impact structures and functions of exosomal proteins and membranes. Here, the authors develop a chemically engineered platform by leveraging the synergistic interplay between CD38’s catalytic activity and the covalent inhibitor 2'-Cl-araNAD⁺.

Cosgun et al. show that, in B cell leukemia, β-catenin expression is maintained at low levels through glycogen synthase kinase 3B (GSK3β)-mediated phosphorylation. Inhibition of GSK3β results in β-catenin–Ikaros–NuRD complex formation, leading to B-ALL cell death through MYC repression.

The authors developed a specialized objective lens that corrects GRIN lens aberrations, enabling in vivo, large–field-of-view, two-photon volumetric calcium imaging of more than 1,000 neurons deep within mouse brains.

Electrical doping and charge transfer in 2D antiferromagnet CrSBr reversibly switch its magnetic state, enabling gate-tunable spin valves and ultralow-power spin control without ferromagnetic contacts, advancing fully electrical 2D spintronics.

Activity-based protein profiling identifies covalent small molecules that potentiate the activity of the METTL5:TRMT112 complex through binding to a complexoform-restricted allosteric pocket absent in other TRMT112:methyltransferase complexes

Paraoxonase-1 (PON1) is a liver-specific glycoprotein that has been shown to be a tumor suppressor in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Here, the authors show that PON1 reduces HCC tumor growth due to regulation of lactic acid production and regulatory T cell-mediated immunosuppression.

It is important to understand the combined effects of multiple changes on the ocean. Here the authors use time of emergence to highlight the increases in impacts of individual and compound changes globally from the surface to the deeper ocean, identifying areas most affected.

The stability of interactions across trophic levels is crucial for ecosystem resilience but remains poorly understood. This study shows that loss of tree diversity destabilizes specialist herbivores, offering new insights into the mechanisms of pest outbreaks.

This study provides robust evidence that Arctic warming affects precipitation variability in the mid-latitudes by modulating westerly waviness. Under global warming, extreme precipitation events in midlatitude regions will become more frequent.

A model, trained to generate synthetic, patient-specific angiography images, reduced radiation exposure to patients and clinicians by two-thirds in a multicenter randomized controlled trial involving 1,068 patients.

An annotation-free vision–language model based on contrastive learning performs pathology localization and clinical diagnosis on a wide variety of medical image datasets.

The heat shock protein GP96 has been utilized as a potent adjuvant in vaccine formulations. Here, the authors present a viral vaccine platform based on the design of SARS-CoV-2 and HPV antigens fused to the N-terminus of GP96 and show that this vaccine design favor intact antigen delivery to the lymph nodes and induces potent long-term humoral and T cell responses after mice immunization

STING–type-I interferon pathway regulates the immunogenicity of several cancer types, including head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Here the authors describe that glutamine metabolism in the tumour microenvironment dampens the STING–type-I interferon pathway by epigenetically silencing the expression of BATF2, which functions as a tumour suppressor.

This work demonstrates a thin-film lithium niobate modulator with an 800-nm operational bandwidth covering from near- to mid-infrared region, enabling single-lane 240 Gbps and 170 Gbps PAM-4 transmission at all O-U bands and 2-μm band, respectively.

mScarlet3-S2 is a red fluorescent protein that is highly photostable and sufficiently bright. It is especially useful for applications such as stimulated emission depletion or structured illumination microscopy imaging with prolonged imaging times.

3D-printed gel microcilia arrays printed by two-photon polymerization and composed of a soft acrylic acid-co-acrylamide hydrogel with a nanometre-scale network structure are shown to respond to low-voltage electrical stimuli within milliseconds, enabling dynamic individual control and non-reciprocal 3D motion.

Macrophages undergo profound metabolic changes upon bacterial infection, including facilitated transport of the anti-bacterial metabolite Itaconate across the plasma membrane and membranes of vacuoles that contain the invading bacteria. Here authors identify MCT1/4 as transporters of itaconate, responsible for the regulation of intracellular and bacteria-containing vacuoles and thus macrophage antibacterial function in a Salmonella model of infection.

Pla2g7 is a secreted enzyme mainly produced by myeloid cells and exerts a significant role in a spectrum of metabolic and inflammatory disorders. Here they show that Pla2g7 expression is enriched in osteoclasts and is associated with bone resorption, revealing an important role in bone homeostasis.

Cheng et al., use non-infectious stable viral replicon cell lines in genome-wide CRISPR KO screens across diverse viral pathogens to identify host factors specifically involved in the intracellular stages of viral replication.

The ALICE Collaboration provides details on the microscopic mechanism that ends up creating antideuteron in high-energy proton–proton collisions at the Large Hadron Collider.

Complex reaction networks can reach out-of-equilibrium steady states with multiple product-determining steps. Now it has been shown that a four-component photochemical network enables selective GlcNAc-to-GalNAc epimerization. Boronic ester co-catalysis tunes hydrogen-atom abstraction and donation to enhance site selectivity and diastereoselectivity, illustrating kinetic network control for selective catalysis.

Visual experience synchronizes V1–LM theta oscillations, strengthens V1 → LM connectivity, and drives dendritic spine remodeling in WT mice, the processes disrupted in Fmr1 KO mice, revealing impaired inter-areal binding in Fragile X syndrome.

The authors report an efficient machine learning framework designed to accurately predict and optimize the vertical-wall perching of flying robots, addressing the limitations of traditional design methods.

This study identifies regions and features of three stages of plateau evolution in the present-day Tibetan Plateau, based on structural features of intra-crustal low-velocity zones, depth of the crust-mantle boundary and surface topography.

Single-cell proteomics maps protein dynamics in the developing human brain.

Off-target activation of nerve fibers is an ongoing problem in bioelectronic medicines such as vagus nerve stimulation. Here, the authors show that high-frequency stimulation can selectively block nerve fibers in the vagus nerve in swine models.

Authors present a whisker sensor enabling robots to sense surroundings via vision-tracked, magnetically actuated whiskers. It detects contact and flow, identifies objects and fluids, and gently grasps fragile items.

A synthetic biology approach was used to engineer Vibrio natriegens into a strain capable of bioremediating complex organic pollutants in saline wastewater and soils, thereby addressing notable threats to marine biosecurity.

Strategies for HIV prevention besides high manufacturing cost neutralizing antibody requires further investigation. Here the authors develop vaginal tissue deliverable mRNA-based antibody approaches, which demonstrate protection of rhesus macaque vaginal tissues against multiple HIV strains with favorable tolerability and prevention efficacy.

This study shows that the recent escalation of wildfires in Eastern Siberia is primarily driven by a decline in fire-season precipitation, which is likely partially linked to concurrent unforced decadal cooling in the subpolar North Atlantic.

Decadal changes in land surface wind speed are well known, but their ecosystem impacts remain unclear. This study suggests that wind speed changes significantly affect vegetation productivity by altering water availability and stomatal conductance.

Polymeric nanofiber membranes are hindered by low mechanical strength and stability, especially under harsh conditions. Here, the authors report an approach to simultaneously enhance the tensile strength, stability and hydrophilicity by sequentially crystallizing covalent organic frameworks and poly(ether-etherketone).

Multiple diversity facets contribute to forest ecosystem functioning. Here the authors investigate spatial patterns and predictors of forest tree species richness and structural diversity across China and project potential trends under future climate scenarios.

The function and regulatory mechanism of mRNA acetylation modification in cancer progression remains largely unknown. Here the authors identify that targeting tumor N4-acetylcytidine (ac4C) RNA acetyltransferase NAT10 improves anti-tumor response via MYC/CDK2/DNMT1/dsRNA/type I IFN pathway, and show the synergic anti-tumor effect of NAT10 inhibition with aPD-1.

Conventional ammonia synthesis is energy intensive. Here the authors explore the mechanism of light-driven ammonia synthesis through in situ spectroscopy and modelling, and demonstrate that certain AuRu plasmonic alloys are promising catalysts for this potentially more sustainable process.

The use of non-noble metal catalysts is crucial for promoting the industrialization of proton exchange membrane water electrolysis. By introducing CF₃CF₂CF₂CH₂OH into Nafion ionomer, we optimized the water channels and enhanced the stability of the Co₃O₄ catalyst at the anode

The tunability of the polarization state of light-emitting diodes (LEDs) based on conventional semiconductors is usually limited. Here, the authors report the realization of mid-infrared LEDs based on a Weyl semiconductor, layered Te, showing the electrical tunability of the degree of linear polarization of the emitted light from ~100% to 36%.