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The 2024 Wushi earthquake ruptured an oblique-reverse network of subsidiary faults, which hosted the majority of aftershocks and generated surface rupture, while the mainshock did not, according to an analysis of local seismic, geodetic and field data.

The cellular makeup of the primate cochlea, crucial for hearing, remains poorly understood. Here, authors show a detailed map of primate cochlear cells, revealing both conserved and species-specific features.

All-in-one computing, which merges sensing, linear computing, and nonlinear activation, is a critical goal for next-generation AI hardware. Here, Zhang et al. introduce a high-speed, reconfigurable split-floating-gate memory, enabling multi-function integration within a unified platform and hardware native neuromorphic processing.

NIID is a neurodegenerative disease caused by GGC repeat expansions within NOTCH2NLC gene. Here, authors develop a precise gene-editing therapy that effectively treats the disease in multiple models.

Fanjiang Kong, Zhixi Tian, Xingliang Hou, Baohui Liu and colleagues report the cloning and functional characterization of J, the locus underlying the long-juvenile (LJ) trait that has enabled tropical cultivation of soybean. They show that J, an ortholog of Arabidopsis ELF3, downregulates the expression of E1, thereby promoting flowering under short-day conditions.

The authors found esterified pectin localized at the stiff poles of maize stomata, modulating stomatal opening. These results reveal novel targets for stomatal engineering and breeding crops with higher water use efficiency.

Multi-modal integration of spatial transcriptomes and metabolomes via haCCA reveals metabolic heterogeneity and NETs-mediated Scd1 upregulation driving fatty acid metabolism in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma.

Identifying jets originating from heavy quarks plays a fundamental role in hadronic collider experiments. In this work, the ATLAS Collaboration describes and tests a transformer-based neural network architecture for jet flavour tagging based on low-level input and physics-inspired constraints.

Improved de novo production of prostaglandin F2α at titer of 32.63 μg/L in flask cultures is developed via metabolic engineering of Yarrowia lipolytica from glucose, providing a sustainable platform to produce prostaglandins.

The recent global mpox outbreaks underscore the critical need for antiviral development, hindered by the complexity of the MPXV genome. Using yeast TAR cloning, CRISPR-Cas9, and Lambda Red recombination to engineer replication-defective MPXV, the authors offer a platform for therapeutic research and identify G243-1720, a compound with a tecovirimat-like mechanism, as a promising anti-poxvirus compound.

Existing datasets of nitrogen (N) balance in agriculture are often discrepant. Comparing 13 of them regarding five metrics (fertilizer application, manure application, biological N fixation, atmospheric deposition, and N harvested as crop products) over 1961–2015 reveals why. Recommendations for improving N quantification and an N budget benchmark dataset are also proposed.

Shoot branching is critical in determining soybean yield. Here, the authors report natural variation of Dt2 in controlling soybean branching number and the interaction of Dt2 with GmAgl22 and GmSoc1a to activate transcription of GmAp1a and GmAp1d.

Chemical language models trained on known metabolites can identify previously unknown metabolites from mass spectrometry-based metabolomics data with high accuracy.

A compact Cas9 ortholog, Cj4Cas9, enables efficient genome editing in vivo compatibility.

MMCLKin is a multimodal and multiscale contrastive learning framework for kinase-inhibitor affinity prediction, kinase inhibitor selectivity profiling, virtual screening for known, unknown, and mutated kinases, and interpretable analysis.

The impact of land-use and cover-change (LUCC) on ecosystem carbon stock in China is poorly known due to large biases in existing databases. Here the authors develop a new LUCC database with corrected false signals and reveal that forest expansion is the dominant driver of China’s recent carbon sink.

Hydrogen-assisted dehydrochlorination (HaDHC) is an attractive route for the production of fluorine-containing olefins under relatively mild conditions, but highly efficient metal-based catalysts for this reaction remain underexplored. Here, the authors report a nano-MgF2-supported Pd-Ag catalyst with tunable Pd dispersion that is optimized by tuning of the Pd-Ag alloy degree in the fresh catalyst, followed by in situ restructuring, and demonstrate its performance in the HaDHC of 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoro-2-chloropropane (HCFC-244bb) to 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene (HFO-1234yf), a hydrofluoroolefin refrigerant with reduced global warming impact.

Liu et al. report Chinese normative lifespan brain charts showing later neurodevelopmental milestones than those detected in Western cohorts. Individual deviations from these norms are valuable in assessing clinical risk and outcomes.

Here, Xiong et al investigate mid-gestational brain development from Down syndrome and control brain samples using single-nucleus RNA sequencing. They report cell-type- and region-specific transcriptional alterations associated with chr21 abnormalities.

This study establishes MPXV clade IIb-infected SCID mouse models presenting with pneumonia, lesions, and localized inflammation that recapitulate key clinical manifestations observed in high-risk populations, and demonstrates that the timing of treatment initiation and the stage of disease progression critically influence the anti-MPXV efficacy of both tecovirimat and cidofovir.

Eleutheroside E is a natural compound that protects hearing from cisplatin damage, working by suppressing the MAPK/NF-κB/NLRP3 pathway and pyroptosis. The antitumor efficacy of cisplatin was not reduced under the presented experiment condition.

The study finds that seasonal marsquake patterns may indicate active near-surface brines on Mars today. By connecting seismicity changes to ice-to-brine melting, it infers that shallow liquid water continues to operate beneath the surface and influence Martian fault activity.

Piezoelectric catalysts are promising for nanocatalytic therapy, but their therapeutic effects are often hindered by heterocatalytic kinetic barriers. Here, the authors address this issue by developing sub-nanometer Hf_0.5Zr_0.5O₂ nanowires of polymer-like flexibility as piezoelectric catalysts for cancer treatment.

The study of isotopes away from the beta stability valley is crucial for the understanding of nuclear structure, especially for neutron-deficient heavy nuclei. Here, the authors report the observation of the alpha-decay isotope 210-protactinium (Pa), extending the alpha-decay systematics of underexplored regions of the nuclides chart.

It is unclear how early-life urbanicity influences adult neurobehavioral traits. This study reveals that earlier menarche mediates the relationship between early-life urbanicity and adult neurobehavioral traits associated with mental disorders.

This study introduces an error-aware probabilistic update method (EaPU) that aligns stochastic analog compute-in-memory device behavior with neural network training dynamics, reducing weight updates and energy consumption.

A cross-ancestry GWAS meta-analyses of brainstem structures identify 713 associations. It reveals shared/distinct genetic architectures across ancestries/substructures and overlaps with neuropsychiatric disorders and physiological functions.

Hydrogen oxidation in alkaline media is limited by slow reaction kinetics. Here, the authors develop a family of bimetallic catalysts by theoretical analysis and reveal that RuIr achieves superior activity and durability through synergistic adsorption of hydrogen and hydroxyl intermediates.

Genome editing tools can precisely introduce a specified lesion into the DNA, but ultimately rely on the cell’s DNA repair machinery to determine the editing outcome. Here, authors demonstrate how neurons’ unique DNA repair pathways impact the safety, efficiency, and precision of CRISPR edits.

Lu et al. characterize cis-regulatory element dynamics at different stages of colorectal cancer progression and identify a functional variant associated with increased colorectal cancer risk because of selective transcription factor binding.

Electrochemical synthesis of solid compounds is an emerging frontier in electrocatalysis. Here, the authors report a Pt catalyst whose surface-coordinated halogens alleviate the scaling effect by regulating the local environment and enable simultaneous Mg(OH)₂ and H₂ production from natural seawater.

The paper demonstrates a ferroelectric photosensor array that integrates image memorization, low-level processing, and high-level computing. It uses dynamic and switchable photovoltages to perform image tasks, leveraging the bulk photovoltaic effect for enhanced precision and reliability.

Genetic variants can influence the expression levels of proteins in different diseases. Here, the authors examine the blood proteome in common diseases to identify genetic variants associated with protein levels, and improve risk prediction.

Chloroflexus aurantiacus succinate dehydrogenase at apo- and MK-bound forms reveal electron transfer pathways connecting succinate oxidation to menaquinone reduction at a canonical Q_P site and a newly identified Q_D site with atypical configuration.

Developing efficient non-precious catalysts is key to advancing water electrolysis. Here, the authors report a microbial vulcanization strategy that co-dopes cobalt hydroxide with sulfur and organic molecules to optimize O–O coupling and accelerate the electrocatalytic oxygen evolution reaction.

The H9N2 avian influenza viruses (AIVs) remain dominant in live poultry markets in China, and H9N2 AIVs with HA-Q226L, PB2-V/K627 and NP-N52 mutations can be transmitted between guinea pigs and between ferrets via direct contact and respiratory droplet.