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In the adrenal cortex, cholesterol used for steroid production is stored in lipid droplets. The authors demonstrate here the importance of the transcription factor HHEX in maintaining glucocorticoid levels and protecting lipid droplets from androgen-induced lipid depletion.

Using a non-human primate model, the authors identified the tissue sites of initial viral rebound after discontinuation of antiretroviral therapy, demonstrating that such rebound preferentially occurs in the gastrointestinal tract-associated lymphoid tissues.

Studying many-body quantum chaos on current quantum hardware is hindered by noise and limited scalability. Now it is shown that a superconducting processor, combined with error mitigation, can accurately simulate dual-unitary circuit dynamics.

In this article, the authors characterise genetic variation in CARTaGENE, a population-based cohort from Quebec, Canada. This genomic resource enables population and disease genetic studies in a founder population and other under-represented groups.

Down syndrome (DS) increases gene dosage that disrupts neurodevelopment and cognition. Using human-derived isogenic neurons, this study reveals altered network activity, synaptic dysfunction, and ion channel defects underlying DS neural impairment.

By performing a CAR-adapted base-editing screen of phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase delta (PI3Kδ, PIK3CD), Bucher et al. identify mutations affecting endogenous PI3K–AKT signaling that enhances CAR T cell antitumor potency.

Here, the authors present archaeology of the Namorotukunan site in Kenya’s Turkana Basin that demonstrates adaptive shifts in hominin tool-making behaviour spanning 300,000 years and increasing environmental variability. They contextualize these findings with paleoenvironmental proxies, dating, and geological descriptions.

MaAsLin 3 is a comprehensive and flexible framework for microbiome association studies with expanded toolsets of statistical models, tests and types of inference.

Insulin signaling plays a crucial role in coordinating skeletal development with whole‑body energy metabolism. Here, the authors use phosphoproteomics to show insulin-signaling rewiring in aged, insulin-resistant bone and identify defective phosphorylation of AFF4 as a key mechanism for regulating gene-specific transcriptional activation.

Genomic analyses applied to 14 childhood- and adult-onset psychiatric disorders identifies five underlying genomic factors that explain the majority of the genetic variance of the individual disorders.

Here the authors show that persistent antigen stimulation drives the generation of CD8⁺ tissue-resident exhausted T cells with distinct developmental origins, function and therapeutic responsiveness when compared to CD8⁺ tissue-resident memory T cells.

Untargeted metabolomics faces challenges in metabolite origin inference and metabolite annotation. Here, the authors present TidyMass2, a user-friendly computational framework with metabolite origin inference and feature-based functional module analysis to enhance biological interpretation.

Genome-wide association studies incorporating data for populations of African ancestry provide an expanded view of the genetic basis of schizophrenia, which has previously been studied mainly in European and East Asian cohorts.

A Bayesian analysis of diagnostic data reported to the World Health Organization reveals that approximately 2 million people were incorrectly diagnosed with tuberculosis (received a false-positive result) and 1 million received a false-negative result, emphasizing the critical need for higher-sensitivity bacteriological tests in the future.

Researchers studied the blood-based metabolome of over 23,000 people from ten ethnically diverse cohorts. They identified 235 metabolites associated with future risk of type 2 diabetes (T2D). By integrating genetic and modifiable lifestyle factors, their findings provide insights into T2D mechanisms and could improve risk prediction and inform precision prevention.

MK-7762 is a new oxazolidinone antitubercular agent that is structurally similar to linezolid, and demonstrated in vivo efficacy, lesion penetration and limited toxicity compared to linezolid, indicating it could be used in broad tuberculosis regimens.

This study examines long-term changes in species richness across tropical forests in the Andes and Amazon. Hotter, drier and more seasonal forests in the eastern and southern Amazon are losing species, while Northern Andean forests are accumulating species, acting as a refuge for climate-displaced species.

Metabolite signatures were identified for subtypes of dietary carbohydrate, including added sugar, whole grain and refined grain, and showed different associations with type 2 diabetes, providing an objective measure of dietary risk.

This study uses single-nucleus RNA sequencing to analyze lung tissue from 141 individuals with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Distinct patterns of spatially resolved changes in cell composition and cell states that correlate with clinical features are highlighted.

Bacteria secrete polysaccharides essential for colonization and infections. Here, the authors reveal the structure and mechanism of WzaB, a Class-3 OPX protein, uncovering a distinct trans-envelope secretion complex driving critical polysaccharide export in diderm bacteria.

Reverse-biased bipolar membranes can enable CO₂ electrolysis with iridium-free anodes for extended durations, but only if 100% of the ionic charge is carried by water dissociation. Here, the authors show that practical systems fall far below unity water dissociation efficiencies, highlighting a performance gap for sustained alkaline operation using nickel-based anodes.

How the complex interplay between multiple nutrients within the microenvironment dictates potential sites of metastatic cancer growth is explored.

High-dimensional immune profiling of a living recipient of a pig-to-human xenotransplant provides insight into the immune landscape of xenotransplantation and directions for improved immunosuppression strategies.

Hic-5 drives epithelial mechanotransduction linking bronchoconstriction to asthma pathogenesis and reinforces a feed-forward bronchoconstriction loop through endothelin-1, thereby establishing dysregulated mechanical forces as active drivers of disease

MultiSuSiE is an extension of the Sum of Single Effects fine-mapping model that allows causal effect sizes to vary across ancestries. Applying MultiSuSiE to quantitative traits in All of Us identifies fine-mapped variants not implicated by other methods.

The role of ventral tegmental area GABA neurons in behavior is unclear. Here, authors show that VTA GABA but not dopamine neurons integrate positive and negative valence to encode motivational conflict and guide cost-benefit decision making.

Tokamak walls suffer erosion from steady and bursty heat loads. Here, the authors demonstrate that optimizing 3D magnetic field and cooling gas injection can tame destructive plasma bursts while enabling cooler, safer exhaust conditions.

Microglia influence amyloid-β effects on astrocyte reactivity in the living brain of individuals with Alzheimer’s disease. This phenomenon further contributes to cognitive impairment via tau phosphorylation and aggregation.

Central charge, a key quantity in conformal field theories, is crucial in the study of critical phenomena, yet its measurement has remained elusive. Here, the authors extract the central charge of several quantum critical models by accurately preparing their ground states on a superconducting quantum processor.

Mutations in GJB2 cause DFNB1, the most common hereditary deafness. ATAC-seq identification of gene regulatory elements enables targeted GJB2 delivery to cochlear cells, preventing hearing loss in mouse models.

The authors study epitaxial thin films of the pyrochlore-sublattice compound LiTi2O4 by RIXS and ARPES. They observe cooperation between strong electron correlations and strong electron-phonon coupling, giving rise to a mobile polaronic ground state in which charge motion and lattice distortions are coupled.

There are limited data on mpox immunity in West Africa. In this study, authors present serological and genomic evidence of residual smallpox vaccination immunity and possibly unrecognized mpox exposure among ostensibly healthy Nigerian adults.

Here, as part of the Sherlock-Lung study, the authors profile the microbiomes of 940 lung cancers in never smokers finding no significant associations with demographic and clinical features, suggesting lung bacteria are unlikely to have a sizable role in lung cancer.

The extreme hot and dry conditions of 2023 reduced soil respiration and enhanced net forest carbon sequestration in Canada, offsetting wildfire emissions, according to satellite-based and in situ observations of CO₂ fluxes.

The CMS Collaboration reports the measurement of the spin, parity, and charge conjugation properties of all-charm tetraquarks, exotic fleeting particles formed in proton–proton collisions at the Large Hadron Collider.

Electrocatalysts for CO₂ reduction are typically prepared and optimized ex situ before the reaction begins, but during reactions they may undergo changes that lower their performance. Here the authors show that active Cu catalysts can be formed on a recoverable basis and removed in situ during the CO₂ reduction reaction, improving the stability of the system.

Understanding collective behaviour is an important aspect of managing the pandemic response. Here the authors show in a large global study that participants that reported identifying more strongly with their nation reported greater engagement in public health behaviours and support for public health policies in the context of the pandemic.

Here the authors provide an explanation for 95% of examined predicted loss of function variants found in disease-associated haploinsufficient genes in the Genome Aggregation Database (gnomAD), underscoring the power of the presented analysis to minimize false assignments of disease risk.

Allele-preferential transcription factor binding can influence pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma risk loci function. Here, the authors show allele-specific JunB and JunD binding at chr1p36.33 and propose a role for KLHL17 in protein homeostasis by mitigating inflammation.

Climate change can alter when and how animals grow, breed, and migrate, but it is unclear whether this allows populations to persist. This global study shows that shifts in seasonal timing are key to helping vertebrate species maintain population growth under global warming.

Here, authors report the structure of the augmin’s CH domain bound to the microtubule lattice and show that its Haus8 subunit binds tubulin tails. Both domains are critical for microtubule binding and for microtubules to branch at shallow angles.

SmartEM is a ‘smart’ pipeline for electron microscopy-based data acquisition for connectomics. In order to efficiently image large datasets, the approach involves imaging at short pixel dwell times and identifying problematic regions that are then imaged with longer dwell times and therefore higher quality.

An analysis of 204 countries estimates that diabetes will cost the global economy $10.2 trillion between the years 2020 and 2050.

De novo and inherited dominant variants in genes encoding U4 and U6 small nuclear RNAs are identified in individuals with retinitis pigmentosa. The variants cluster at nucleotide positions distinct from those implicated in neurodevelopmental disorders.

Variants in the PSMC5 gene impair proteasome function and cellular homeostasis, altering brain development in children. This study reveals underlying molecular mechanisms contributing to this neurodevelopmental phenotype, and suggests therapeutic leads for neurodevelopmental proteasomopathies.

Trends in global H₂ sources and sinks are analysed from 1990 to 2020, and a comprehensive budget for the decade 2010–2020 is presented.

Multi-ancestry genome-wide and transcriptome-wide association studies of aortic stenosis identify more than 200 independent risk loci and provide insights into its genetic architecture.

A hidden Markov model that uses probabilistic retrospective inference allows for up to one month of unsupervised recalibration in an online cursor-based intracortical brain–machine interface.