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Increased glycolysis in pancreatic cancer promotes immune escape by altering the tumor microenvironment. Here, the authors show that lactate-driven histone lactylation via PCAF increases CXCL1 expression, recruiting neutrophils and enabling immunosuppression, and PCAF inhibition improves anti-PD-1 therapy in pancreatic cancer mouse models.

Natural variation in the promoter of OsTPS8 contributes to differences in grain chalkiness and seed vigor between indica and japonica rice subspecies by altering trehalose-6-phosphate biosynthesis and α-amylase levels.

Authors design lead-free high-entropy multilayer ceramic capacitors where entropy tunes competing polar orders, enabling high energy density and efficiency with fast discharge and robust thermal and cycling stability.

Atomic catalytic pairs enable multistep transformations, yet the roles of spatial arrangement and coordination symmetry in homonuclear pairs remain unclear. Here, the authors construct atomically dispersed homonuclear Pt₁–Pt₁ pairs with asymmetric Pt₁C₃–Pt₁O₁C₃ coordination on reduced graphene oxide, enabling efficient transfer hydrogenation of azobenzene.

Here the authors engineer dual spillover of H* and CO* on PdHx/Cu to enhance urea electrosynthesis, where CO* spillover from PdHx surface to Cu facilitates initial C–N coupling while H* spillover from PdHx lattice to Cu promotes C–N intermediate protonation.

In nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC), cisplatin is known to be associated with poor treatment compliance and notable side effects therefore more effective platinum drugs are expected. Here this group updates the 10-year survival analysis results of a multicenter, randomized, phase 3 trial evaluating the efficacy of lobaplatin and fluorouracil induction chemotherapy plus concurrent chemoradiotherapy on 502 NPC patients.

Acute-on-chronic liver failure is a complex condition with varied definitions. Using unbiased clustering, the study identifies two distinct subtypes with markedly different 30-day mortality risks and highlights key determinants.

Tailoring conduction properties of solid-state electrolytes is essential to fulfil the demands of electrochemical energy storage and conversion technologies. Here, authors demonstrate the synergistic regulation of Na⁺ and O²⁻ ion conduction in the Na_0.96xCa_0.04Nb_0.96Zr_0.04O_3-δ conductor by a non-stoichiometric ratio strategy.

CD8⁺ T cell abundance in the tumor microenvironment is critical for immunotherapy success. This study shows that the STING–TOX axis suppresses CD8⁺ T cell antitumor activity by inducing ferroptosis. STING–TOX-deficient CD8⁺ T cells enhance outcomes when combined with checkpoint blockade or chemotherapy.

This study reports the design of a MOF-on-MOF heterojunction catalyst with interfacial dual active sites for efficient urea production via photocatalytic co-reduction of nitrate and carbon dioxide.

Accurate single nucleotide variations (SNVs) detection is clinically vital, yet existing techniques can only detect SNVs at specific loci. Here, Mao et al present a new generalized CRISPR/Cas-based strategy, termed PRICE, to identify SNVs in miRNA sequences without sacrificing the sensitivity.

Target detection at dark conditions remains a significant challenge. Zhao et al report an owl-vision-inspired dual-mode synaptic transistor, which enables parallel photonic perception and electrical plasticity emulation to achieve light sensitivity surpassing that of conventional CMOS-based vision systems.

The rapid expansion of 3D molecule generation models underscores the need for reliable conformation evaluation. Here, the authors present a fast two-stage framework that detects atomic and torsional errors with quantum-mechanical accuracy.

Bacteria can infect tumour cells which may affect the biological characteristics of the tumour or even the therapeutic outcome. Here authors show that Stenotrophomonas, upon entering tumour cells, trigger endoplasmic reticulum stress, leading to STING degradation and inhibition of MHC-II⁺ macrophages, which ultimately cause tumour progression and immunotherapy resistance.

Obesity impairs metabolic flexibility-the capacity to adapt to fluctuating energy demands. Here, authors show that PRMT3 mediates the post-translational adaptation of visceral fat to fasting regulates metabolic flexibility and could be a therapeutic target for obesity.

Giant local stress was formed by introducing heterogeneous interfaces, thus suppressing electron-phonon coupling and reducing electron scattering. Consequently, a bulk electrical conductivity of > 110 % IACS is obtained in copper at room temperature.

This work develops an atomic-level coordination engineering strategy that strengthens key intermediate adsorption to promote C–C coupling, enabling highly selective photocatalytic CO₂ conversion to ethylene.

Authors propose a pathway to design GeTe based thermoelectric materials with high thermoelectric performance and mechanical properties by nanotwin architecture and inducing high valley degeneracy.

This study uncovers hidden atomic order in high-entropy ceramics and shows it can be engineered to dramatically boost resistance to radiation damage, opening a new pathway for design of ceramics for extreme environments.

Schizophrenia risk at 1p36.23 lacked functional insight. Here, the authors identify two enhancer variants that upregulate RERE, which disrupts neurogenesis and synaptic function by regulating Grin2a, linking genetic risk to neuronal development and excitatory signaling.

DNA double-strand breaks are primarily repaired by non-homologous end joining, which requires synapsis of broken DNA ends. Here, the authors show that DNA end configurations, particularly short microhomologies, dictate synaptic complex formation and can bypass XLF to promote close end joining.

Diagnosing breast cancer through MRI is limited by high false-positive rates and inter- reader variability, leading to unnecessary biopsies. In here, the authors find that the BI-RADS 4 Lesions Analysis System (BL4AS) model improves diagnostic accuracy and reduces unnecessary biopsies as well as inter-reader variability

Papaya is a trioecious species with XX females, XY males, and XY^h hermaphrodites, and the combination of Y and Y^h chromosomes is lethal. Here, the authors identify the degeneration of the YY lethality gene on the Y chromosome as the causal balancing lethal factor that reenforces dioecy and stabilizes balanced sex ratios.

Chen et al. report a tailored self-assembled monolayer to create a localized 2D/3D perovskite heterojunction. This strategy reduces interfacial loss, achieving photovoltages >90% of thermodynamic limit for wide-bandgap cells, and enables perovskite-organic tandem solar cells with efficiency of 27.11%.

A genome-wide association study in rice identifies variation in SBRR1 associated with sheath blight resistance. Introducing the SBRR1-R allele into a commercial rice variety reduces yield loss under severe exposure to sheath blight disease.

Self-assembled monolayers are efficient hole-selective contacts but suffer from aggregation and adhesion issues. To address these, Wang et al. introduce a dimeric molecular design that forms a hydrogen-bond network, enabling 28.4% certified efficiency in all-perovskite tandem solar cells.

This study shows that excessive atmospheric nitrogen deposition can enhance methane production and emissions by impacting microbial phosphorus acquisition due to the change of N/P ratios in oxygenated surface oceans.

Wan, Li, Cao and colleagues report a feedback crosstalk between THY1⁺ cancer stem cells and neutrophils via migrasome-mediated release of mitochondria, which induces a pseudohypoxic state and promotes metastasis.

Liu et al. report Chinese normative lifespan brain charts showing later neurodevelopmental milestones than those detected in Western cohorts. Individual deviations from these norms are valuable in assessing clinical risk and outcomes.

Integrated quantum memories based on ¹⁵¹Eu³⁺:Y₂SiO₅ crystals coupled with impedance-matched optical cavities are demonstrated. Multiplexed quantum storage efficiencies of 80.3% and 69.8% are achieved for weak coherent pulses and telecom-heralded single photons, respectively.

The ability to control the wetting of liquids on solid surfaces is crucial for advanced science and engineering. Here, a bulk-cusp microstructure enables programmable 0–4 directional droplet spreading without external energy, driven by precursor film dynamics and capillary forces, offering potential for improved lubrication and smart cooling applications.

Large-effect variants in autism remain elusive. Here, the authors use long-read sequencing to assemble phased genomes for 189 individuals, identifying pathogenic variants in TBL1XR1, MECP2, and SYNGAP1, plus nine candidate structural variants missed by short-read methods.

A non-coplanar axially chiral molecular contact favours the crystalline growth of perovskite film and improves interfacial stability in perovskite solar cells. Small-area devices yield a certified power conversion efficiency of 26.44% and maintain 98% of it after 2,000 hours of operation.

Materials with room temperature phosphorescence have a range of potential applications, but when crystalline can be brittle and optically non-transparent. Here, the authors report the development of supramolecular glasses by evaporation-induced assembly, with high-temperature afterglow properties.

A general protocol for high-dimensional entangling gates is developed and applied for two four-dimensional qudits encoded in orbital angular momentum (OAM). The phase-locking technique stabilizes OAM sorters, leading to a process fidelity within a range from 0.71 to 0.85.

Freestanding membranes of hexagonal oxides remain difficult to obtain. In this work, a water-soluble crystalline hexagonal BaAl₂O₄ is found to serve as a sacrificial layer for obtaining freestanding membranes with six-fold or three-fold symmetry.

An extreme barocaloric effect in NH₄SCN aqueous solutions is enabled by pressure-induced dissolution and precipitation, but without using a separate heat-transfer liquid.

EuCo₂Al₉ is identified as a metallic spin supersolid with high thermal conductivity, exhibiting coexisting spin orders, strong quantum fluctuations and a giant magnetocaloric effect enabling efficient sub-Kelvin refrigeration.

Humanity’s Last Exam, a multi-modal benchmark at the frontier of human knowledge, is designed to be an expert-level closed-ended academic benchmark with broad subject coverage.

Estimates from the Global Burden of Disease study reveal declines in chronic respiratory disease mortality between 1990 and 2023—especially during the COVID-19 pandemic—but the burdens on people affected remain substantial.

Nano-confinement between a capping layer composed of graphene or hexagonal boron nitride and a substrate directs the growth kinetics during chemical vapour deposition, which enables the atomically precise synthesis of 2D transition metal dichalcogenide monolayers, Janus monolayers and van der Waals heterostructures with ultraclean interfaces.

Static cloaking and camouflage remain a central challenge in mechanics. Yang et al. introduce an irregular growth strategy with limited building blocks of varying stiffness, enabling complex void structures for effective cloaking and mutual camouflage under diverse loading.

The STAR experiment at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider at Brookhaven National Laboratory demonstrates evidence of spin correlations in \(\Lambda \bar{\Lambda }\) hyperon pairs inherited from virtual spin-correlated strange quark–antiquark pairs during QCD confinement.