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Osteoarthritis is driven by epigenetic dysregulation, yet targeted therapies remain elusive. Here, the authors develop a cartilage-targeting hydrogel delivering BRD4-degrading PROTACs to suppress the BRD4- Nav1.7 axis and alleviate osteoarthritis.

High-latitude soils are future soil organic carbon loss hotspots, with losses dominated by particulate organic carbon (POC). The fraction of POC in total SOC (f_POC) is a key indicator, emphasizing the climate importance of preserving POC.

Global Burden of Disease analysis found that in 2023, suboptimal diet was estimated to be responsible for 4 million deaths and 97 million morbidity burdens from ischemic heart disease.

Vascular smooth muscle cells undergo complex transitions to multiple disease-related phenotypes in coronary artery disease. Using vascular smooth muscle lineage-traced single-cell RNA and ATAC sequencing, the authors map molecular spatiotemporal patterns of murine atherosclerosis and discover molecular mechanisms of TCF21-mediated coronary artery disease risk.

Preclinical studies have suggested that PARP inhibitors and anti-angiogenic therapy may favour response to immune checkpoint blockade in ovarian cancer. Here the authors report efficacy and translational data of a phase II trial of anti-PD-L1 durvalumab and cediranib (anti-angiogenic drug) with and without the PARP inhibitor olaparib in patients with recurrent ovarian cancer.

When 100 social and behavioural science claims were examined, 34% of reanalyses closely matched the original results, with 74% reaching the same conclusion, revealing limited robustness of single-path analyses and the need to address analytical uncertainty.

Robustness checks and reproduction of analyses with existing and updated data based on 110 articles in economics and political science journals with data and code-sharing requirements found high levels of robustness and reproducibility and determined that robustness was not dependent on author characteristics or data availability.

The authors from the ALICE collaboration identify multiple species of mesons and baryons and measure the anisotropic flow with non-flow removal techniques in pp and p-Pb collisions at the LHC, identifying the hallmark of quark flow associated with an expanding quark-gluon plasma.

This study shows that rising incomes and hotter climates are driving a boom in air conditioning use, which adds to global warming. This highlights the need for clean, efficient and equitable cooling solutions.

In this study, the authors identify a collaboration between the epigenetic regulators, EZH2 and DNA methyltransferase that contributes to prostate cancer lineage reprogramming.

Analysis combining multiple global tree databases reveals that whether a location is invaded by non-native tree species depends on anthropogenic factors, but the severity of the invasion depends on the native species diversity.

The first-in-human clinical trial of the LRRK2-targeting antisense oligonucleotide BIIB094 in Parkinson’s disease demonstrates that the treatment is well tolerated and produces dose-dependent reductions in cerebrospinal fluid levels of LRRK2 and phosphorylated Rab10, indicating successful target engagement.

Antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 continue to evolve 6 to 12 months after infection in patients who have recovered from COVID-19, increasing in potency and breadth with time.

The development of materials exhibiting efficient and controllable circularly polarized room-temperature phosphorescence remains challenging, primarily due to inefficient chirality transfer and the limited ability to regulate chiral environments. Here, the authors address this challenge by constructing homopolypeptide vesicles bearing achiral phosphorescent terminals and embedding them within a poly(vinyl alcohol) matrix.

The linear dispersion and massless behaviour of excitons have been predicted for two-dimensional materials but have not been experimentally demonstrated. Now this behaviour is observed using momentum-resolved electron energy-loss spectroscopy.

Dormant microbes dominate soils across China, accounting for about 95% of cells and varying from forests to deserts, with water-holding capacity, enzyme activity, and carbon pools regulating dormancy patterns, based on analyses of 591 samples from 197 sites.

Identifying jets originating from heavy quarks plays a fundamental role in hadronic collider experiments. In this work, the ATLAS Collaboration describes and tests a transformer-based neural network architecture for jet flavour tagging based on low-level input and physics-inspired constraints.

The transcriptional program that regulates immunosuppression in conventional dendritic cells needs exploration. The authors here identify ETS homologous factor (EHF) as a transcription factor that regulates cDC maturation and functions, with its deletion limits while its overexpression promotes cDCs immunosuppression function both in vitro and in vivo.

The Mouse Cancer Cell line Atlas (MCCA) provides major advances towards a mechanistic understanding of cancer genomes.

Intermolecular singlet fission (xSF) has typically been observed when the interchromophore separation is below ∼5.6 Å because the chromophore coupling is dominated by van der Waals forces. Now, using carbon nanohoop assemblies that allow the chromophore assembly and coupling to be modulated, efficient xSF has been observed at chromophore separations distances up to ∼16 Å.

The role of disorder in high-entropy oxides in electrocatalysis and zinc–air batteries remain unclear. Here, the authors induce controlled multilevel structural, electronic and atomic disorder to create new active sites, enabling robust, balanced oxygen catalysis and efficient zinc–air batteries.

BaTa₂S₅, which consists of alternating layers of TaS₂ and Ba₂TaS₄, is shown to host a triplet superconducting phase at high magnetic field. This triplet phase emerges from another—more conventional—superconducting state.

Owing to electron localization, two-dimensional materials are not expected to be metallic at low temperatures, but a field-induced quantum metal phase emerges in NbSe₂, whose behaviour is consistent with the Bose-metal model.

The early detection of degradation in lithium-ion batteries is crucial for effective predictive maintenance and recycling. Here, the authors propose a two-stage early-stage degradation prediction method based on GPT to predict the charging data of and state-of-health of batteries

Alternative polyadenylation is involved in plant responses to various stresses. Here, the authors show how a cis-natural antisense RNA promotes proximal polyadenylation of its cognate SlSPX5 gene in response to phosphate starvation in tomato.

The STAR experiment at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider at Brookhaven National Laboratory demonstrates evidence of spin correlations in \(\Lambda \bar{\Lambda }\) hyperon pairs inherited from virtual spin-correlated strange quark–antiquark pairs during QCD confinement.

This study finds that plastic mulch substantially increases crop yields but also contaminates soils and pollutes the environment. The authors propose biodegradable films, AI-driven farming, and policy reforms to address the productivity–sustainability trade-offs.

The APOE-ε4 allele is the strongest genetic risk factor for late-onset Alzheimer’s disease, but it is not deterministic. Here, the authors show that common genetic variation changes how APOE-ε4 influences cognition.

Li et al. report a spatially decoupled heavy atom antenna strategy by integrating alkyl bromides into a hybridized local and charge-transfer scaffold, originated from benzothiadiazole acceptors, to create an organic scintillator with a short radiative lifetime of 3.42 ns and spatial resolution around 50 lp mm^-1.

Engineered mucus-tethering bispecific nanobodies neutralize and entrap viruses to enhance mucosal immunity, preventing influenza infection and limiting SARS-CoV-2 transmission.

Humanity’s Last Exam, a multi-modal benchmark at the frontier of human knowledge, is designed to be an expert-level closed-ended academic benchmark with broad subject coverage.

The CMS Collaboration reports the measurement of the spin, parity, and charge conjugation properties of all-charm tetraquarks, exotic fleeting particles formed in proton–proton collisions at the Large Hadron Collider.

Extrachromosomal circular DNAs (ecDNAs) are prevalent in human cancers and are thought to drive tumor evolution and drug resistance by amplifying oncogenes. Here, authors develop ec3D to reconstruct three-dimensional ecDNA structures, revealing how their spatial organization rewires regulatory circuits.

This study uses single-nucleus RNA sequencing to analyze lung tissue from 141 individuals with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Distinct patterns of spatially resolved changes in cell composition and cell states that correlate with clinical features are highlighted.

Topological states are exploited based on crystalline symmetry, but under artificial gauge fields, symmetries may satisfy projective algebras, which remains less studied. Here, the authors reveal that projective symmetry algebra leads to momentum-space nonsymmorphic symmetry, resulting in new topological states over a momentum-space Klein bottle.

Tree ectomycorrhizal colonization in aridity regions is supported by microbial cooperation, where bacteria attach to fungal hyphae and reduce inhibitory soil metabolites, suggesting a microbiome-based strategy for tree restoration.

Diluted magnetic semiconductors are promising spintronic materials, however the simultaneous doping of charge and magnetic moment has prevented synthesis of bulk samples. This work reports the synthesis of a bulk magnetic semiconductor (Ba_1−xK_x)(Zn_1−yMn_y)₂As₂with Curie temperatures up to 180 K.

Strontium to calcium ratio and oxygen isotopic records from single corals contain a strongly autocorrelated non-climate noise component, which can inflate reconstructed temperature variability, according to analyses of coral records and sea surface temperature data.

Creative experiences such as dance, music, drawing, and strategy video games might preserve brain health. The authors show that regular practice or short training in these activities is linked to brains that look younger and work more efficiently.

The ALICE Collaboration provides details on the microscopic mechanism that ends up creating antideuteron in high-energy proton–proton collisions at the Large Hadron Collider.

While Bell inequalities have been violated several times—mostly in photonic systems—their violations within particle physics experiments are less explored. Here, the BESIII Collaboration showcases Bell-violating nonlocal correlations between entangled hyperon pairs.

The enzyme PCMT1 was found to install a C-terminal cyclic imide modification on proteins that marks them for degradation by CRBN, uncovering a conserved protein turnover pathway with implications in metabolism and neurological function.

Here, the authors report an exome-wide association study for multi-organ imaging traits by leveraging recent bioinformatic tools such as AlphaMissense. The identified signals elucidate the genetic effects from rare variants on human organs and their connections to complex diseases

Investigating the inner structure of baryons is important to further our understanding of the strong interaction. Here, the BESIII Collaboration extracts the absolute value of the ratio of the electric to magnetic form factors and its relative phase for e + e − → J/ψ → ΛΣ decays, enhancing the signal thanks to the vacuum polarisation effect at the J/ψ peak.

The Einstein Probe has discovered a fast X-ray transient, EP240414a, associated with a broad-lined type Ic supernova. Its unusually soft spectrum and weak jet add to the diversity of stellar deaths and suggest a previously unknown Wolf–Rayet star explosion mechanism.

MMCLKin is a multimodal and multiscale contrastive learning framework for kinase-inhibitor affinity prediction, kinase inhibitor selectivity profiling, virtual screening for known, unknown, and mutated kinases, and interpretable analysis.

SARS-CoV-2 continues to evolve, necessitating updated vaccines and therapeutics. Here the authors identify three broadly binding antibodies from vaccinated or infected individuals, characterize their conserved non-overlapping RBD epitopes by structural analysis and demonstrate protective effects in a hamster model.

The semileptonic decay channels of the Λc baryon can give important insights into weak interaction, but decay into a neutron, positron and electron neutrino has not been reported so far, due to difficulties in the final products’ identification. Here, the BESIII Collaboration reports its observation in e+e- collision data, exploiting machine-learning-based identification techniques.