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Developing camouflaging materials, which can regulate temperatures, is challenging due to contradicting optical properties. Here the authors design an aluminum-polymer which balancing camouflaging and radiative cooling properties across diverse environments.

Obesity impairs metabolic flexibility-the capacity to adapt to fluctuating energy demands. Here, authors show that PRMT3 mediates the post-translational adaptation of visceral fat to fasting regulates metabolic flexibility and could be a therapeutic target for obesity.

Epidemiologic, genetic and immunophenotypic evidence suggests that oligoarticular and polyarticular subtypes of juvenile idiopathic arthritis are distinct etiopathologic conditions with some overlapping pathogenic pathways. As discussed in this Review, further research is needed before we can generate a full molecular picture of these chronic childhood arthropathies.

The performance of π-conjugated polymers films is limited by the short exciton diffusion lengths due to local imperfections or variations in interchain packing. Here, the authors report on large-area submillimeter-scale spherulites achieved by treating a spin-coated polydiarylfluorene film under solvent vapor annealing.

Uncontrollable hemorrhage is a leading cause of preventable death. Here, Huang et al. develop a rapid, self-expanding, coagulation-promoting hemostatic powder for non-compressible hemorrhage management.

Transcriptomics and proteomics are transforming our understanding of juvenile idiopathic arthritis by revealing molecular signatures associated with the various clinical classifications. The challenge now is to find biomarkers that will predict disease course and response to medication in order to improve outcomes for children with arthritis.

This study presents a structural N-glycoproteome atlas of 24 mouse tissues, revealing distinct tissue-specific glycan patterns, subcellular-related protein function remodeling, and non-random co-occurrence among glycan structural features.

Optimizing the management of childhood arthritis requires detailed knowledge of the disease in an individual patient. Advances in 2014 show how in-depth genetic studies and insights into immunopathogenesis could translate into clinical biomarkers and, eventually, individualized therapy.

Macrophage activation syndrome (MAS) in systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis (sJIA) is difficult to distinguish from active sJIA or sepsis. A collaborative effort scoring the performance of different clinical diagnostic criteria provides valuable guidance to clinicians, but challenges in the diagnosis of sJIA-related MAS remain.

Hyperbolic paraboloid molecules possess unique physicochemical properties. However, their controlled organization into well-defined superstructures remains challenging. Here, the authors report a macrocycle with hyperbolic paraboloid topology as building blocks to self-assemble a series of two-dimensional superstructures with four-level hierarchy in a controlled hierarchical manner.

Substantial recent advances in the treatment of juvenile idiopathic arthritis have enabled the development of validated recommendations for the appropriate and safe use of several therapeutic agents. These recommendations, developed by an international group of experts, could prove a valuable resource for physicians treating these patients.

This study applies generalized linear mixed models (GLMM) and advanced transcriptome wide association study (TWAS) methods to improve the discovery of colorectal cancer risk transcription factors and genes, including potential druggable targets.

Single-crystal alloy thin films (SATFs) are appealing for applications in crystal epitaxy, surface catalysis, and energy conversion. Here, the authors report a method to synthesize wafer-scale binary and ternary SATFs with sub-nanometer roughness, which can be used as substrates for the growth of high-quality graphene single crystals.

Treatment of children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) is often marred by therapeutic inefficacy and considerable adverse effects. In this Review, the authors highlight the importance of identifying new pharmacogenomics biomarkers by applying modern genome analysis to large cohorts of JIA patients, with the objective of improving safety of existing therapies and providing new drug targets for the treatment of JIA.

The existence of a long-lived, prethermal regime in many-body systems with tunable heating rates, driven by structured random protocols, is observed using a 78-qubit superconducting quantum processor.

Identifying jets originating from heavy quarks plays a fundamental role in hadronic collider experiments. In this work, the ATLAS Collaboration describes and tests a transformer-based neural network architecture for jet flavour tagging based on low-level input and physics-inspired constraints.

Estimates from the Global Burden of Disease study reveal declines in chronic respiratory disease mortality between 1990 and 2023—especially during the COVID-19 pandemic—but the burdens on people affected remain substantial.

Next-generation autonomous systems call for robust perception capabilities in diverse environments. Dun et al. report an ultraviolet-to-mid-infrared photosynapse array with 65,536 pixels and efficient in situ processing capabilities for dynamic trajectory recognition under challenging conditions.

Humanity’s Last Exam, a multi-modal benchmark at the frontier of human knowledge, is designed to be an expert-level closed-ended academic benchmark with broad subject coverage.

A non-coplanar axially chiral molecular contact favours the crystalline growth of perovskite film and improves interfacial stability in perovskite solar cells. Small-area devices yield a certified power conversion efficiency of 26.44% and maintain 98% of it after 2,000 hours of operation.

Many advances in the treatment of juvenile idiopathic arthritis have been underpinned by the development of organizations such as PRINTO and PRCSG. This Perspectives provides a timeline for these advances, including clinical trial designs and diagnostic criteria essential to performing research in this small group of patients whose age necessitates a cautious approach to treatment.

A nanoimprint technique exploiting capillary forces in nanohole arrays enables patterning CdSe-based quantum-dot LEDs with a resolution of nearly 170,000 pixels per inch while maintaining high average external quantum efficiencies of 17.0%, 10.5% and 5.7% for red-, green- and blue-emitting pixels, respectively.

Quantum low-density parity-check error correction codes are anticipated to deliver high performance, but require long-range qubit–qubit interactions. Two of these error correction codes have now been successfully implemented on a superconducting device.

An extreme barocaloric effect in NH₄SCN aqueous solutions is enabled by pressure-induced dissolution and precipitation, but without using a separate heat-transfer liquid.

Biologic agents are emerging as an important treatment for juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA), but the long-term safety of these therapies is a major concern and currently not completely understood. This Review examines available data for the safety of biologic therapies for JIA and details the serious adverse events associated with each agent as well as outlining the safety issues that need further study.

Metastatic cancer cells rely on metabolic flexibility to survive. Here, the authors show that metastatic breast cancer cells use lactate for mitochondrial oxidation via the CD147/MCT1/LDHB complex to sustain stemness and promote metastasis.

Addressing how the nitrogen-induced changes in plant diversity differ from those in soil organisms is critical. This global meta-analysis suggests that nitrogen enrichment has stronger negative effects on plant diversity but modest to negligible effects on soil bacterial and fungal diversity.

The Taiwan Precision Medicine Initiative recruited and genotyped more than half a million Taiwanese participants, almost all of Han Chinese ancestry, and performed comprehensive genomic analyses and developed polygenic risk score prediction models for numerous health conditions.

Iron–sulfur minerals play critical roles in regulating nitrogen cycling under anoxic conditions. This study shows that pyrrhotite with abundant iron vacancies promotes electron transfer and microbial nitrate reduction to dinitrogen.

Colorectal cancer has high recurrence and metastasis rates making treatment difficult. Here, the authors report on peptide modified cell membrane coated cobalt based metal-organic frameworks which degrades and forms, in situ, photothermal materials with H₂S, allowing for immune-photothermal therapy.

The treatment of juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) has improved markedly in past years, but sustained remission off-medication is still rare. In this Review, Hinze et al. discuss existing treatment approaches and guidelines, with a focus on targeted and patient-centred therapies developed to optimize management strategies for patients with JIA.

Imaging modalities are vital for the accurate assessment of joint disease. In this Review, the authors focus on imaging in paediatric rheumatic disease, which presents unique challenges. They discuss the utility and limitations of various imaging techniques—including MRI, ultrasonography and conventional radiography—in the assessment and treatment of children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis.

A colour correction array featuring red-, green- and blue-sensitive organic transistors integrated within a single pixel enables self-adaptive intensity and colour correction.

Immune checkpoint inhibitors have shown promise in tumour immunotherapy but resistance has been seen. Here using pre-treatment hepatocellular carcinoma patient biopsies from patients scheduled for immunotherapy, the authors implicate BCL9 and show that a BCL9-targeting peptide promotes anti-tumour immunity in mouse models through targeting macrophages and promoting anti-tumour T cell responses.

The ALICE Collaboration provides details on the microscopic mechanism that ends up creating antideuteron in high-energy proton–proton collisions at the Large Hadron Collider.

This work proposes multivariate frequency-dispersion regulation approximation under the protection of an oxide layer to overcome the challenge of HT broadband EM wave absorption of monomer ceramics, allowing wide-band absorption from RT up to 1473 K.

This study identifies 245 genetic loci associated with head-to-body ratios using 38,202 bone density scan images from the UK Biobank, revealing genetic links to skeletal and brain development, disease susceptibility, and human evolutionary adaptation.

This study leverages plasma proteomics from over 50,000 individuals to build organ-specific aging models and uncover underlying genetic mechanisms. It also investigates causal links between organ aging, diseases, and lifestyle, providing insights for promoting healthy longevity.

Profiling RNA modifications is essential to understanding their functions. Here, authors present DirectRM, a nanopore sequencing analytical tool that simultaneously detects six RNA modifications, revealing that modifications cluster at the transcript level but exclude each other on individual RNA molecules.

Electrical doping and charge transfer in 2D antiferromagnet CrSBr reversibly switch its magnetic state, enabling gate-tunable spin valves and ultralow-power spin control without ferromagnetic contacts, advancing fully electrical 2D spintronics.

Less is known about the entire microbial pathogen profile of small mammals. Here, the authors analyse 2,408 tissue-resolved metatranscriptomes to map the infectome in small mammals, uncovering high viral, bacterial, fungal and parasitic diversity and showing how geography, hosts, and seasons shape zoonotic risk.