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Non-equilibrium two-dimensional melting is less understood than its equilibrium counterpart. Now it is shown that topologically driven melting in a two-dimensional crystal of charged colloids is the same irrespective of the mechanisms that generate the defects

Fast panoramic rotational ultrasound tomography and photoacoustic tomography are integrated for hybrid rotational ultrasound and photoacoustic tomography, for three-dimensional dual-contrast imaging of soft tissue and vasculature across the human body.

Transcription factor osr2 is identified as a specific marker and regulator of mural lymphatic endothelial cell (muLEC) differentiation and maintenance, and muLECs and border-associated macrophages share functional analogies but are not homologous, providing an example of convergent evolution.

Ribas and colleagues report the results of a phase 2 clinical trial of neoadjuvant PD-1 blockade in patients with surgically resectable desmoplastic melanoma.

Humanity’s Last Exam, a multi-modal benchmark at the frontier of human knowledge, is designed to be an expert-level closed-ended academic benchmark with broad subject coverage.

Newly developed mouse models that enable cell-specific analyses of proteostasis dynamics across the lifespan of the mice reveal key aspects of neuronal proteostasis with ageing.

Heparan sulfate proteoglycans facilitate the assembly of clusters of glycoRNAs and cell surface RNA-binding proteins, which negatively modulate VEGF-A signalling and angiogenesis.

Disease heterogeneity complicates precision medicine, which focuses on single conditions and ignores shared mechanisms. Here the authors introduce ‘pan-disease’ analysis using a deep learning model on multi-organ data, identifying 11 AI-derived biomarkers that reveal new therapeutic targets and pathways, enhancing patient stratification for disease risk monitoring and drug discovery.

For the celebration of our tenth anniversary, Nature Microbiology asks the former editors to reflect on their time at the journal.

Understanding the mechanisms underlying the survival of drug tolerant persister cells following chemotherapy remains elusive. Here, multi-omics analysis and experimental approaches show that the germ-cell-specific H3K4 methyltransferase PRDM9 promotes metabolic rewiring in glioblastoma stem cells.

An allosteric site on the E3 ligase adapter cereblon can be targeted to modulate the efficacy of cereblon in targeted protein degradation applications.

The long-term natural history of long-COVID is not well understood. In this population-based cohort study from Scotland, the authors describe symptom prevalence and health-related quality of life up to 18 months after a positive SARS-CoV-2 test and compare with matched test-negative controls.

With its attribution to Paranthropus, a 2.6-million-year-old partial mandible expands the range of the genus into the Afar region of Ethiopia and adds to our understanding of hominin evolution in eastern Africa.

Whole-genome sequencing of polioviruses in Uganda following nOPV2 use showed high genetic stability and no sustained transmission, even though a rare double recombinant strain regained virulence, but did not spread due to high vaccination coverage.

This study demonstrates the capability of deep learning protein design models in generating functionally validated β-strand pairing interfaces, expanding the structural diversity of de novo binding proteins and accessible target surfaces.

The MOUNTAINEER phase 2 trial demonstrated the efficacy and safety of tucatinib (HER2-targeted TKI) and trastuzumab (anti-HER2 antibody) in patients with HER2 + , RAS wildtype unresectable or metastatic colorectal cancer that had progressed on chemotherapy, resulting in the approval of the regimen. Here, the authors report the updated analysis of the MOUNTAINEER trial.

Changes in ocean fronts could impact biological productivity and carbon exchange. By analysing satellite and reanalysis data, the authors identify areas with active frontal activity and rapid change in properties, as well as highlighting the correspondence with surface productivity and CO₂ uptake.

An in-depth analysis of tissue biopsies from patients with multiple myeloma and CAR T cell therapy-associated immune-related adverse events (CirAEs) after treatment with commercial BCMA-targeted CAR T cell therapy shows that CD4⁺ CAR T cells mediate off-tumor toxicities and that high CD4:CD8 ratio at apheresis, robust early CAR T cell expansion, ICANS and ciltacabtagene autoleuce treatment are independently associated with the development of CirAEs.

CLASSIC is a high-throughput genetic profiling platform that combines long- and short-read next-generation-sequencing modalities to quantitatively assess pools of constructs of arbitrary length containing diverse genetic part compositions.

Kinematic measurements of the Perseus galaxy cluster reveal two drivers of gas motions: a small-scale driver in the inner core associated with black-hole feedback and a large-scale driver in the outer core powered by mergers.

Intense lasers enable scientists to study the behaviour of matter under extreme pressures, but obtaining information about its atomic structure is challenging. In this work, Suggit et al. demonstrate the use of white-light X-ray diffraction to probe the structure of laser-shocked copper on nanosecond timescales.

In a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial comparing autologous mRNA-engineered BCMA-targeting CAR T cell therapy versus placebo in patients with generalized myasthenia gravis, a significantly higher percentage of patients exhibited a reduction in disease activity in the treatment arm than in the placebo arm.

Elevated levels of IL-33 induce the production of autoantibodies through an unknown mechanism. Here, the authors show that IL-33 disrupts splenic architecture and germinal center organization, causing an expansion of antibody-secreting plasmablasts and plasma cells. In multiple mouse models of inflammation, administration of IL-33 exacerbates the pathology, increasing the production of autoantibodies, whereas IL-33 blockade reverses autoantibody production in a model of lung inflammation.

This study examines long-term changes in species richness across tropical forests in the Andes and Amazon. Hotter, drier and more seasonal forests in the eastern and southern Amazon are losing species, while Northern Andean forests are accumulating species, acting as a refuge for climate-displaced species.

White-tailed deer are an important reservoir of SARS-CoV-2 in the USA and continued monitoring of the virus in deer populations is needed. In this genomic epidemiology study from Ohio, the authors show that the virus has been introduced multiple times to deer from humans, and that it has evolved faster in deer.

A single-cell epigenomic atlas of human immune cells highlights cell-type-specific features associated with genetic or environmental exposures.

Cities are engines of innovation and economic growth, but they also struggle with segregation, which works against both. This study finds rings of isolation around US cities and pockets of segregation within them, a pattern persistent over time and intensified since the pandemic.

Treatment-seeking for fever is widely used to estimate treatment of childhood infections, but cross-country comparisons are problematic. Here, the authors estimate the probability of seeking treatment for fever at public facilities across 29 countries by quantifying person-level latent variables.

Clade 2.3.4.4b highly pathogenic H5N1 is currently causing a panzootic and has the potential to become a pandemic. Here, Peña Alzua and colleagues develop specific monoclonal antibodies against this virus that could be used to prevent or treat human infections.

McGrail and colleagues report that high intratumoral bacteria abundance is associated with an immunosuppressive microenvironment and resistance to immune checkpoint blockade in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma.

Combining high-resolution mapping of foliar and herbivore faecal sodium concentrations across Africa, the authors show that plant-derived sodium availability constrains megaherbivore densities at a continental scale.

In colorectal cancer, therapeutic resistance is driven by MAPK-dependent epithelial cell plasticity.

Myotonic dystrophy type 1 affects both muscle and neuronal function, but its synaptic pathology is poorly understood. Here, the authors show that upregulation of FasII (NCAM1) in both pre- and postsynaptic cells synergistically drives neuropathological and behavioral DM1 phenotypes, which can be rescued by FasII knockdown or specific isoform modulation.

A randomized controlled trial found that eliminating opioids after minimally invasive gynecologic surgery did not compromise pain control at postoperative day 1, with similar pain scores and recovery outcomes between opioid-free and restrictive opioid groups up to day 7.

An analysis of 24,202 critical cases of COVID-19 identifies potentially druggable targets in inflammatory signalling (JAK1), monocyte–macrophage activation and endothelial permeability (PDE4A), immunometabolism (SLC2A5 and AK5), and host factors required for viral entry and replication (TMPRSS2 and RAB2A).

Immune checkpoint inhibitors have shown promise in tumour immunotherapy but resistance has been seen. Here using pre-treatment hepatocellular carcinoma patient biopsies from patients scheduled for immunotherapy, the authors implicate BCL9 and show that a BCL9-targeting peptide promotes anti-tumour immunity in mouse models through targeting macrophages and promoting anti-tumour T cell responses.

Estimates from the Global Burden of Disease study reveal declines in chronic respiratory disease mortality between 1990 and 2023—especially during the COVID-19 pandemic—but the burdens on people affected remain substantial.

The flagship paper of the ICGC/TCGA Pan-Cancer Analysis of Whole Genomes Consortium describes the generation of the integrative analyses of 2,658 cancer whole genomes and their matching normal tissues across 38 tumour types, the structures for international data sharing and standardized analyses, and the main scientific findings from across the consortium studies.

Psoriasis is a difficult to treat chronic skin condition that could be limiting to quality of life. Here, authors present results of the phase 2 randomized clinical trial KNOCKOUT (NCT05283135) in which they treated patients with moderate-to-severe plaque psoriasis with higher-than-approved doses of risankizumab, an interleukin-23 inhibitor, to show high skin clearance rates and decreased tissue resident memory T cell numbers in the lesional skin.

Observational evidence from planetary systems around white dwarfs shows that planetesimal formation occurs during the first few hundred thousand years after cloud collapse. Iron accreted by these white dwarfs must have been formed by short-lived radioactive nuclides driving iron core formation in planetesimals that form together with the parent star.

Hydrogen sulfide (H₂S) reversibly modifies low molecular weight and protein thiols to form persulfides (RSS⁻) and polysulfides (RS(S)nS⁻) for antioxidant defence and regulation of activity. Here, the authors report a sensitive LC-MS/MS procedure that separately traps and quantifies the sulfur atom of H₂S, the terminal sulfur atom of RSS and RS(S)nS-, and the internal sulfur atoms of RS(S)nS ⁻ as diagnostic products in biological samples.

Wang, Xiao and colleagues develop and validate organ-specific proteomic aging clocks across large population cohorts in the UK, the USA and China, which show strong performance in tracking organ aging and predicting the risk of morbidity and mortality.

Results from the phase ELAD 2 trial reveal that liraglutide is safe and well tolerated in people with mild to moderate Alzheimer’s disease but does not significantly slow brain metabolism decline.

The combination of JWST and ALMA data here unravel the history of the gas content of a quiescent galaxy, which became quenched through an act of self-sabotage. Black-hole accretion feedback heated the galaxy’s surrounding material, preventing its accretion.

High-resolution flare footpoint observations in the extreme ultraviolet and X-rays were taken by Solar Orbiter. Combined with simulations, the results reveal that the dominant mechanism carrying flare energy through the Sun’s atmosphere can vary on small spatial scales.

Neural processing speed slows with age, but the relationship between this slowing and brain atrophy is unknown. Here, authors show that age-related functional brain differences in auditory and visual processing are partly due to structural differences in the distinct brain regions underlying these processes.

A giant planet candidate roughly the size of Jupiter but more than 14 times as massive is observed by TESS and other instruments to be transiting the white dwarf star WD 1856+534.