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The ALICE Collaboration provides details on the microscopic mechanism that ends up creating antideuteron in high-energy proton–proton collisions at the Large Hadron Collider.

Integrating computational analyses of T cell exhaustion and mitochondrial fitness atlases with in vivo CRISPR screens has identified KLHL6 as a dual-negative regulator of both exhaustion differentiation and mitochondrial dysfunction, highlighting its potential as a target to enhance anti-tumour immunity.

The tolerogenic activity of type 1 conventional dendritic cells (cDC1s) is determined by EPOR, which is preferentially expressed in cDC1s and induces antigen-specific FOXP3-expressing regulatory T cells.

PanoSpace enhances low-resolution spatial transcriptomics data to reconstruct continuous tissue maps at single-cell resolution. In cancer tissues and mouse brain, it refines cell localization, identity, gene expression and microenvironmental interactions.

Understanding the architectural principles shape human brain networks is a major challenge for systems neuroscience. Here, authors show embryogenic age is associated with functional and structural brain architecture and that embryonic age gradients are associated with genes related to nervous system development and vulnerability to neurological disorders.

This study identifies adenosine A_2A receptor (A_2AR) signaling in the choroid plexus as a key driver of cerebrospinal fluid hypersecretion and ventriculomegaly in hydrocephalus. Pharmacological or genetic inhibition of choroid plexus A_2AR mitigates disease pathology, highlighting A_2AR antagonism as a promising therapeutic strategy for hydrocephalus.

Liang et al. estimate the prevalence of text modified by large language models in recent scientific papers and preprints, finding widespread use (up to 17.5% of papers in computer science).

Gas evolution severely limits the performance of LiFe_xMn_1−xPO₄ batteries, yet its mechanisms remain unclear. Now it has been shown that CO₂ originates mainly from the cathode and H₂ from Mn/Fe-catalysed reactions at the anode, while a uniform carbon coating effectively suppresses metal dissolution and stabilizes cycling.

How the complex interplay between multiple nutrients within the microenvironment dictates potential sites of metastatic cancer growth is explored.

Inhibition of SNO-USP16 at the C731 site represses ubiquitination and degradation of KDM1A protein to epigenetically activate GCLM and GLS, which maintains GSH homeostasis and relieves CME-induced myocardial injury.

Nitrogen-fixing bacteria offer a promising route to reduce reliance on synthetic fertilizers, but their effectiveness is hindered by environmental stresses that limit survival on leaf surfaces. This study introduces a nanocoating strategy that enables robust foliar colonization of Klebsiella variicola, enhancing nitrogen fixation and improving rice yield under low-fertilizer conditions.

A dual-gate structure in bilayer MoS₂ FETs is reported, allowing a high carrier density by compensating for the fringing field, which holds promise for 2D semiconductor logic applications.

Shape-changing substrates are pivotal for advancing minimally invasive, conformable bioelectronics, yet their implantation is hindered by inaccessible triggering mechanisms and complex geometric fabrication. Here, the authors report a digital 4D printing technique for fabricating customized shape memory hydrogel substrates enabling trigger-free shapeshifting with predefined onset periods.

Foroughi Pour et al. developed a segmentation-free method, called SparTile, for analyzing spatial proteomics data. They show relative spatial distance of tumor and myeloid cells is a prognostic marker of survival risk in triple-negative breast cancer patients.

Previous structural studies of T cell recognition of SARS-CoV-2 have been confined to spike epitopes. Here the authors assess T cell recognition of SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid epitopes, which are more conserved than spike epitopes, providing structural insights into recognition of two epitopes.

Pertpy serves as a one-stop and performant framework for single-cell perturbation data analysis.

STING–type-I interferon pathway regulates the immunogenicity of several cancer types, including head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Here the authors describe that glutamine metabolism in the tumour microenvironment dampens the STING–type-I interferon pathway by epigenetically silencing the expression of BATF2, which functions as a tumour suppressor.

T cells have been shown to have a function in chronic lung inflammation in COPD. Here the authors characterise the single cell transcriptional profile of T cells after smoke inhalation in mouse models showing changes in TCR repertoire and Il17a expression in γδ T cells, suggesting smoke-associated γδ T cells are involved in COPD inflammation and implicating γδT17 cells as a possible target for early prevention and treatment of COPD.

Understanding the growth dynamics of GBMs can help expand therapeutic options. Here, authors use a cross-species computational approach to compare GBM cells to healthy neural stem cells, identifying predictors and modulators of tumour growth, including the Wnt antagonist, SFRP1, which stalls growth in preclinical xenograft models.

Structurally resolving glycans remains a challenge. Here, the authors analyse influenza H3 hemagglutinin glycan evolution to show that over five decades of glycan incorporation highly impact structural stability and epitope accessibility, particularly in the head domain, providing key insights for vaccine design.

The authors consider the future risks of warming and drying to water-sensitive anuran species. They show that increased aridity of anuran habitats and drought exposure under climate change, combined with warming, can substantially reduce anuran activity.

An intestinal organoid model recapitulates human microfold (M) cell function and transcriptomic profiling and biochemical assays demonstrate that M cells uptake and present antigens to the immune system via the class II major histocompatibility complex.

SmartEM is a ‘smart’ pipeline for electron microscopy-based data acquisition for connectomics. In order to efficiently image large datasets, the approach involves imaging at short pixel dwell times and identifying problematic regions that are then imaged with longer dwell times and therefore higher quality.

The 4D Nucleome Project demonstrates the use of genomic assays and computational methods to measure genome folding and then predict genomic structure from DNA sequence, facilitating the discovery of potential effects of genetic variants, including variants associated with disease, on genome structure and function.

The CMS Collaboration reports the measurement of the spin, parity, and charge conjugation properties of all-charm tetraquarks, exotic fleeting particles formed in proton–proton collisions at the Large Hadron Collider.

It is unclear how early-life urbanicity influences adult neurobehavioral traits. This study reveals that earlier menarche mediates the relationship between early-life urbanicity and adult neurobehavioral traits associated with mental disorders.

Engineering the perovskite–electrical contact interface with sodium heptafluorobutyrate reduces interfacial defects and improves charge transport in perovskite solar cells. Functionalized devices deliver a certified power conversion efficiency of 26.96%, which is fully retained after 1,200 h of continuous operation under 1-sun illumination.

Subharmonic entrainment (SHE) is a nonlinear synchronization phenomenon where an oscillation locks to an external periodic driving with a fraction of the oscillator frequency. This work introduces Vector Subharmonic Entrainment, demonstrating how the polarization of weak external signals can entrain internal fiber laser dynamics, offering control over mode-locking and polarization states.

A hidden Markov model that uses probabilistic retrospective inference allows for up to one month of unsupervised recalibration in an online cursor-based intracortical brain–machine interface.

It is uncertain how much life expectancy of the Chinese population would improve under current and greater policy targets on lifestyle-based risk factors for chronic diseases and mortality behaviours. Here we report a simulation of how improvements in four risk factors, namely smoking, alcohol use, physical activity and diet, could affect mortality. We show that in the ideal scenario, that is, all people who currently smokers quit smoking, excessive alcohol userswas reduced to moderate intake, people under 65 increased moderate physical activity by one hour and those aged 65 and older increased by half an hour per day, and all participants ate 200 g more fresh fruits and 50 g more fish/seafood per day, life expectancy at age 30 would increase by 4.83 and 5.39 years for men and women, respectively. In a more moderate risk reduction scenario referred to as the practical scenario, where improvements in each lifestyle factor were approximately halved, the gains in life expectancy at age 30 could be half those of the ideal scenario. However, the validity of these estimates in practise may be influenced by population-wide adherence to lifestyle recommendations. Our findings suggest that the current policy targets set by the Healthy China Initiative could be adjusted dynamically, and a greater increase in life expectancy would be achieved.

Wearable data from 7,013 participants in the All of Us Research Program show that park accessibility across 53 US cities is positively associated with daily step counts, providing a mechanism for how urban green space can improve health.

Electrically conductive hydrogels based on conducting polymers often rely on covalent and therefore irreversible crosslinking mechanisms. Here, the authors report a thermo-responsive conducting polymer that undergoes a fully reversible non-covalent crosslinking at 35 °C within less than a minute to form conductive hydrogels.

Phonon engineering with anisotropic Lorentz-type dielectric oscillations enables the creation of hyperbolic asymptotic line polaritons, achieving broadband diffraction-free propagation.

Authors provide real-world evidence demonstrating that rifaximin use in patients with cirrhosis and hepatic encephalopathy was associated with increased antimicrobial resistance, increasing the risk of infection-related complications and mortality.

A cross-ancestry GWAS meta-analyses of brainstem structures identify 713 associations. It reveals shared/distinct genetic architectures across ancestries/substructures and overlaps with neuropsychiatric disorders and physiological functions.

Marine geophysical data from the Hawaiian-Emperor seamount chain reveal a mechanically weak zone within the Pacific plate, characterized by large downward flexures that could act as a nucleation point for future subduction, leading to plate break-up.

A reinforcement learning-based virtual reality system, implementing a series of sport sessions with coaching, was as effective as standard physical activity in reducing fat mass in adolescents, with positive effects on cognition.

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a common cause of vision loss with a large genetic risk in older individuals. Here, for a high-risk AMD subtype, the authors identify an association with a chromosome 10 risk region containing a long non-coding RNA.

Phospholipid remodeling governs cell fate, yet its ferroptosis-related mechanisms remain elusive. Here, we report the cryo-EM structure of phospholipid remodeler TMEM164, identify its lipid remodeling mechanism, and discover Montelukast S- enantiomer as a potent inhibitor.

Detecting proton arrangements and quantum behavior at the atomic level is a challenge. Here, the authors use atomic force spectroscopy to reveal symmetry breaking in the proton arrangement in cyclic hydrogen bonds caused by nuclear quantum effects.

The biological clock model LifeClock predicts biological age across all life stages from routine clinical data, revealing distinct pediatric and adult disease risk patterns.

Myotonic dystrophy type 1 affects both muscle and neuronal function, but its synaptic pathology is poorly understood. Here, the authors show that upregulation of FasII (NCAM1) in both pre- and postsynaptic cells synergistically drives neuropathological and behavioral DM1 phenotypes, which can be rescued by FasII knockdown or specific isoform modulation.

Confocal Airy beam integrated with single-photon oblique light-sheet tomography (CAB-OLST) is a high-throughput imaging approach for brain-wide mapping of neurons, as demonstrated in cleared mouse brains.

Robust synthetic access to a broad spectrum of diverse analogues remains challenging due to the intrinsic limitations of the two-electron pathway. Herein, the authors report a PPh₃-mediated reductive coupling between thiourea and alkene to form aminodihydroquinolines.

Despite recent advances with trappedion-based platforms, achieving quantum networks with link efficiency greater than unity on metropolitan scales is still a challenge. Here, the authors demonstrate a multiplexed quantum network generating heralded entanglement at a rate faster than local decoherence.

Multiple computational approaches have been developed for the deconvolution of cells in the tumour microenvironment (TME) using bulk RNA-seq data. Here, the authors use breast cancer single-cell RNA-seq data to produce simulated bulk data, with which they compare the performance of nine TME deconvolution methods.