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Sulfilimines are a class of chiral molecules that bear S(IV) stereocentres, which are of high value in drug discovery but difficult to synthesize. Now the authors report a chemo- and enantioselective Chan–Lam S-arylation of sulfenamides with arylboronic acids that delivers diaryl and alkyl aryl sulfilimines.

Sulfenamides are a class of divalent sulfur-derived scaffolds featuring an S-N bond with many industrial applications, however, they are also challenging substrates for synthetic transformations. Here, the authors present a highly chemoselective ligand-controlled Chan–Lam coupling of sulfenamides as a straightforward route to N-arylated sulfenamides.

Given rising diabetes prevalence globally, access to diabetes treatments is gaining urgency. Here, the authors show patterns of glucose-lowering medication use for diabetes across 62 low- and middle-income countries.

Therapeutic suppressor tRNAs are engineered to broaden their target range in vivo.

How white matter develops along the length of major tracts in humans remains unknown. Here, the authors identify fundamental patterns of human white matter development along distinct axes that reflect brain organization.

Landfalling tropical cyclones generally accelerate as they approach coastlines due to changes in surface roughness and thermal properties, according to numerical modelling simulations and global observations.

O’Shea and colleagues establish that optimisation of charge and stability is sufficient to enable any single-chain variable fragment intrabody to function within the cell. The authors use AI-led inverse folding to optimise intrabody characteristics, and they present hundreds of intrabody sequences targeting sixty cytoplasmic proteins.

Floquet engineering is often limited by weak light–matter coupling and heating. Now it is shown that exciton-driven fields in monolayer semiconductors produce stronger, longer-lived Floquet effects and reveal hybridization linked to excitonic phases.

The high-plasticity cell state (HPCS) is a critical hub that enables reciprocal transitions between cancer cell states, and targeting the HPCS may suppress cancer progression and eradicate treatment resistance.

cellSTAAR advances noncoding rare variant association analysis by integrating single-cell genomics data.

Phylodynamic modelling shows how the changing antibiotic landscape and genetic determinants of resistance shape real-world gonococcal dynamics. Experiments validated that determinants with identical resistance phenotype differed in impact on fitness.

Metabolite signatures were identified for subtypes of dietary carbohydrate, including added sugar, whole grain and refined grain, and showed different associations with type 2 diabetes, providing an objective measure of dietary risk.

Engineered mucus-tethering bispecific nanobodies neutralize and entrap viruses to enhance mucosal immunity, preventing influenza infection and limiting SARS-CoV-2 transmission.

Muscularis macrophages, housekeepers of enteric nervous system integrity and intestinal homeostasis, modulate α-synuclein pathology and neurodegeneration in models of Parkinson’s disease, and understanding the accompanying mechanisms could pave the way for early-stage biomarkers.

Analyzing data of the Mexican Biobank project, a new study finds regional differences in clinically relevant genetic frequencies and presents MexVar, a publicly accessible resource designed to support ancestry-informed genetic testing.

Chan and colleagues report that tumor ecosystem and microbiome features are associated with response to anti-PD-L1 avelumab plus chemoradiotherapy in patients with locally advanced head and neck cancer.

Identifying jets originating from heavy quarks plays a fundamental role in hadronic collider experiments. In this work, the ATLAS Collaboration describes and tests a transformer-based neural network architecture for jet flavour tagging based on low-level input and physics-inspired constraints.

Analysis of a placebo-controlled trial of a BCMA-targeting CAR-T cell therapy in patients with myasthenia gravis shows that CAR-T cell infusion selectively remodels the systemic immune environment, with elimination of BCMA-high plasma cells and activated plasmacytoid dendritic cells and changes in the autoreactive B cell repertoire.

Estimates from the Global Burden of Disease study reveal declines in chronic respiratory disease mortality between 1990 and 2023—especially during the COVID-19 pandemic—but the burdens on people affected remain substantial.

CFAP20 has a key role in rescuing RNA polymerase II complexes that have arrested during DNA transcription, limiting the accumulation of R-loops and preventing collisions between the transcription and replication machinery.

Risk associated with genetically defined forms of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) can propagate by means of transcriptional regulation to affect convergently dysregulated pathways, providing insight into the convergent impact of ASD genetic risk on human neurodevelopment.

Newly developed mouse models that enable cell-specific analyses of proteostasis dynamics across the lifespan of the mice reveal key aspects of neuronal proteostasis with ageing.

An allosteric site on the E3 ligase adapter cereblon can be targeted to modulate the efficacy of cereblon in targeted protein degradation applications.

Fabrication of fully stretchable organic light-emitting diodes incorporating an intrinsically stretchable exciplex-assisted phosphorescent layer along with MXene-contact stretchable electrodes is described, demonstrating high efficiency and mechanical compliance for applications in next-generation wearable and deformable displays.

Lo and colleagues report that double-positive thymocytes from neonates express less Zap70 and show reduced Ca^2⁺/NFAT signaling compared to double-positive thymocytes from older thymi. This diminished Ca^2⁺ signaling alters negative selection for self-reactive TCRs, resulting in a cell-intrinsic temporal window for regulatory T versus conventional T cell development in the thymus.

Vassy, Dornisch and colleagues developed a genomics-based prostate cancer risk model to support a randomized clinical trial of precision screening in a national healthcare system.

Chure et al. analyse experimental data to show that E. coli bacteria maintain stable protein density ratios between cytoplasm and membranes. In addition, they develop a biophysical model that predicts surface-to-volume ratio from ribosomal content and protein partitioning across cell compartments.

In an arm of an ongoing multicenter phase 2 trial testing different therapies in patients with genetically profiled grade 2 or 3 meningiomas, treatment with an oral CDK4/6 inhibitor met the primary endpoint for progression-free survival at 6 months in patients with CDK or NF2 alterations.

Researchers studied the blood-based metabolome of over 23,000 people from ten ethnically diverse cohorts. They identified 235 metabolites associated with future risk of type 2 diabetes (T2D). By integrating genetic and modifiable lifestyle factors, their findings provide insights into T2D mechanisms and could improve risk prediction and inform precision prevention.

Tropical cyclone rain rates rise by over 20% in the 60 hours before landfall, which is driven by land–sea thermal and friction contrasts, heightening coastal flood risk. In addition, this enhancement has implications for forecasting and preparedness.

In a randomized controlled trial that included 97 participants, 69% patients with Crohn’s disease (CD) allocated to a fasting-mimicking diet (FMD) achieved clinical response, and over 60% reached remission, outperforming the control group. The FMD also reduced markers of intestinal inflammation, suggesting this dietary intervention could serve as adjunctive treatment for CD.

While the emergence of immune checkpoint inhibitors has improved outcomes in patients with small cell lung cancer (SCLC), tumour that develop means of immune evasion become resistant. Here, the authors report that ERBB2 signalling induces loss of MHC Class I expression and subsequently immune evasion in preclinical models of SCLC.

Single-cell RNA sequencing and assay for transposase-accessible chromatin using sequencing profiling of human retinal samples from diverse ancestries create an epitranscriptomic atlas characterizing over 130 cell types. Integration with genome-wide association study and expression quantitative trait loci data provides further insights into gene regulation and disease etiology.

Carta leverages lineage tracing data to infer the optimal trajectory of cell differentiation.

Cosgun et al. show that, in B cell leukemia, β-catenin expression is maintained at low levels through glycogen synthase kinase 3B (GSK3β)-mediated phosphorylation. Inhibition of GSK3β results in β-catenin–Ikaros–NuRD complex formation, leading to B-ALL cell death through MYC repression.

A refined velocity model improves cell fate mapping with lineage-traced scRNA-seq data.

This study demonstrates the capability of deep learning protein design models in generating functionally validated β-strand pairing interfaces, expanding the structural diversity of de novo binding proteins and accessible target surfaces.

In ancestral SARS-CoV-2 infection, NK cell interferon-stimulated gene (ISG)-driven activation correlated with poor antibody breadth. In vitro, NK cell ISG expression boosts cytotoxicity toward T_FH-like cells, suggesting a mechanism for impaired antibody responses.

High-throughput chemical ligand discovery is challenged by false positives. Here, authors introduce a scalable enantioselective affinity-selection mass spectrometry approach for proteome-wide ligand discovery with high sensitivity and selectivity

This study associates p53 loss and brain metastasis in breast cancer. Mechanistically, p53-null tumors recruit astrocytes that provide substrates for enhanced fatty acid synthesis via upregulated SCD1 expression, representing a targetable axis in the disease.

Breastfeeding is inversely associated with cardiometabolic disease; however, the metabolic pathways underlying these associations remain largely unknown. Here, the authors show plasma metabolite profiles in mid-life associated with breastfeeding duration, which is also linked to CVD and T2D risk.

Wang et al. report that LUAD cells entering dormancy transition into a TGFβ-induced atypical mesenchymal state characterized by a soft spheroidal morphology and strong EMT signature, which protects disseminated cancer cells from immune clearance.

Cheng et al., use non-infectious stable viral replicon cell lines in genome-wide CRISPR KO screens across diverse viral pathogens to identify host factors specifically involved in the intracellular stages of viral replication.

Comparative single-cell transcriptomic analysis identifies clonally expanded tissue-resident CD8⁺ T cells within the leptomeninges of individuals with neurodegenerative diseases. The findings suggest that this brain border region represents an active immune niche that contributes to neurodegeneration with disease-specific distinctions.

Liang et al. estimate the prevalence of text modified by large language models in recent scientific papers and preprints, finding widespread use (up to 17.5% of papers in computer science).

Multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria are a global health problem. In this work, the authors report an antimicrobial polymer that crosses the bacterial membrane and phase separates with intracellular nucleic acids, demonstrating efficacy against MDR bacteria in various murine models.

Cornell et al. show that target cells with low cortical tension induce macrophages to preferentially trogocytose, or engulf in small fragments, whereas target cells with high cortical tension tend towards phagocytosis.