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Here, the authors document the evolutionary dynamics of angiosperm pollen, using pollen morphology and time calibrated phylogeny. They identify two surges in pollen disparity in the mid-Cretaceous and Paleogene that are associated with environmental changes and important pollen adaptations.

Understanding how alkali doping promotes CO₂ electroreduction is challenging, as tracking proton transfer is difficult. Here, the authors report operando nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy reveals Li doping promotes a proton–electron relay from water, thereby boosting CO₂-to-formate conversion.

Circulating N-glycomics studies have shown alterations in multiple cancer types. Here, the authors show that blood-based glycome patterns on proteins can be used to predict liver damage and liver cancer development.

Here they show that NONO collaborates with HOXA1 to modulate gene expression during early cardiomyocyte differentiation. This interaction facilitates activation of the Wnt signaling pathway, establishing the NONO-HOXA1-Wnt axis as a key mechanism in cardiac development.

This study finds that plastic mulch substantially increases crop yields but also contaminates soils and pollutes the environment. The authors propose biodegradable films, AI-driven farming, and policy reforms to address the productivity–sustainability trade-offs.

NIID is a neurodegenerative disease caused by GGC repeat expansions within NOTCH2NLC gene. Here, authors develop a precise gene-editing therapy that effectively treats the disease in multiple models.

Controlled dislocation self-assembly is demonstrated in discontinuous-columnar Bi(Fe,Mn)O₃ thin film. Guiding dislocations along grain boundaries tailors polarization homogeneity, revealing a microstructure-driven design principle for ferroelectrics.

Life’s transition between saltwater and freshwater environments requires major genetic innovations. This study reveals the key genes for salinity adaptation in Chlorella sp. MEM25, an early saltwater alga.

Direct RNA sequencing suffers from chimera artifact contamination. Here, the authors develop DeepChopper, a genomic language model that detects artifacts with high accuracy, enabling more reliable transcriptome analysis.

Large-effect variants in autism remain elusive. Here, the authors use long-read sequencing to assemble phased genomes for 189 individuals, identifying pathogenic variants in TBL1XR1, MECP2, and SYNGAP1, plus nine candidate structural variants missed by short-read methods.

Liu et al. report Chinese normative lifespan brain charts showing later neurodevelopmental milestones than those detected in Western cohorts. Individual deviations from these norms are valuable in assessing clinical risk and outcomes.

A drug repurposing strategy identified fluvastatin as a CYP4Z1 inhibitor with a potential to inhibit the initiation and metastasis of breast cancer in vitro and in vivo.

Shang, Zhao, Ying and colleagues report that the mechanosensor PIEZO1 senses blood shear stress in hematopoietic stem cells, driving proliferation and myeloid bias. This axis links mechanical force to inflammation-induced aging, and PIEZO1 emerges as a potential therapeutic target.

Multi-trait genome-wide analyses identify variants associated with comorbid lung diseases. Polygenic scores leveraging shared components of heritable risk improve prediction of asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and lung cancer in a multi-ancestry cohort.

Vassy, Dornisch and colleagues developed a genomics-based prostate cancer risk model to support a randomized clinical trial of precision screening in a national healthcare system.

A non-invasive 40 Hz light flicker induces adenosine-mediated ischemic preconditioning, offering a potentially safe and translational approach to protect against nonarteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy and related ocular ischemic disorders.

The Taiwan Precision Medicine Initiative recruited and genotyped more than half a million Taiwanese participants, almost all of Han Chinese ancestry, and performed comprehensive genomic analyses and developed polygenic risk score prediction models for numerous health conditions.

Here the authors reveal a study of 486,956 Han Chinese individuals showing that most people with genetic variants affecting drug response do not have the predicted adverse events, highlighting the challenges of implementing pharmacogenetics in clinical practice.

The authors show that NAT10 is upregulated with T cell antigen receptor signaling and that T cell-specific NAT10 deficiency results in diminished numbers of naive T cells, translating to an inability to mount a significant antiviral T cell response.

Here the authors report an analysis of two large nationwide cohort studies, the UK biobank and NHANES, suggesting that accelerated biological aging mediate a proportion of the association between social determinants of health and all-cause and cause-specific mortality.

Zhang et al. found that histone deacetylase 1 (HDAC1) condensation is responsible for temozolomide resistance in glioblastoma by recruiting CCCTC-binding factor and remodeling chromatin in a deacetylase-independent manner. Disrupting the HDAC1 condensates with resminostat restores the sensitivity to temozolomide.

It is unclear how early-life urbanicity influences adult neurobehavioral traits. This study reveals that earlier menarche mediates the relationship between early-life urbanicity and adult neurobehavioral traits associated with mental disorders.

A cross-ancestry GWAS meta-analyses of brainstem structures identify 713 associations. It reveals shared/distinct genetic architectures across ancestries/substructures and overlaps with neuropsychiatric disorders and physiological functions.

Reducing the embodied carbon emissions of building material stock is essential for mitigation. Using a high-resolution multiyear dataset in China, researchers show the historically massive contributions of these emissions during past decades of rapid urbanization and the potential risks for future climate goals.

How landscapes are arranged affects soil pathogenic fungi worldwide. The authors reveal the global pattern and pronounced scale-dependency of landscape complexity and land-cover quantity on soil pathogenic fungal diversity.

Researchers identified a unique “latch bulge” in yeast mitofusin Fzo1. This fungi-specific structure allows Fzo1 to dimerize and remain locked after catalyzing GTP hydrolysis, enabling efficient mitochondrial fusion with minimal energy consumption.

Soil viruses may impact soil carbon cycle. Here, the authors use metagenomic analysis of contaminated soil and 13 C labeled microcosm incubation to show that the DNA viral community enhances microbial carbon fixation capacity via auxiliary metabolic genes.

Bronchiectasis and asthma can co-exist in the same patient, and the characteristics may be different from bronchiectasis alone. Here the authors characterise the function of ILC3 cells and how IL-17C potentiates IL-17A expression promoting a neutrophil dominated asthma endotype in mouse bronchiectasis-asthma models.

Lampreys are jawless vertebrates that can offer unique insights into vertebrate evolution. Here they generate a comprehensive cell atlas of the lamprey, uncovering 70 distinct cell types across 14 tissues, and identify pancreas-like cells in the lamprey small intestine.

Synaptic connectivity is fundamental to brain function. Liao et al. characterized the complex formed between secreted C1ql1 and the adhesion GPCR BAI3, unveiling a C1ql1-mediated assembly mechanism for synaptic connectivity in cerebral neurons.

There is an unmet medical need for endometrial cancer patients with mismatch-repair proficient disease. Here, the authors report the primary analysis of the FRUSICA-1 phase Ib/II trial evaluating fruquintinib plus sintilimab in this population, showing an ORR of 32.7%, a median PFS of 8.6 months, and manageable toxicity.

Solid oxide cells are limited by slow oxygen exchange reaction kinetics at the oxygen electrode. Operando X-ray absorption and electrochemical analysis show that surface modification with a praseodymium oxide layer induces interfacial charge transfer and accelerates the surface kinetics.

PCBP2 is elevated in AD and forms condensates that sequester mitochondrial proteins and RBPs, disrupting mitochondrial function and the NMD of BACE1 mRNA, alongside amyloid deposition. The small molecule, CN-0928 mitigates AD pathology by inhibiting PCBP2 condensation.

A tripolar pattern of Pacific sea surface temperature variability strongly modulates tropical cyclone latitudes and largely determined their poleward migration during the period 1980–2024, according to a data-model analysis.

Nanomechanical resonators behave as resonant filters for driving forces. Here, the authors employ a few-layer graphene nanomechanical resonator as a filter for multifrequency forces modulated by a video signal. They demonstrate that the modulated vibrations encode an accurate copy of the video.

While Baeyer-Villiger oxidation reaction has served as a cornerstone in organic synthesis, its scope remains limited to single oxygen-atom insertion into ketone substrates. Here, the authors report a versatile protocol that enables the insertion of alkynyl phenol analogues into unstrained C-C σ-bonds of diverse carbonyl compounds, including ketones, esters, and amides.

This study elucidates nanoscopic strain evolution in single-crystal Ni-rich positive electrodes, demonstrating that mechanical failure results from lattice distortions, and redefines the roles of cobalt and manganese in battery cycling stability.

Poly(vinylidene fluoride-co-trifluoroethylene)’s (PVDF-TrFE) piezoelectricity can be enhanced by annealing, however current annealing methods are slow. Here, the authors perform ultra-fast flash annealing of PVDF-TrFE to achieve a high piezoelectricity.

Hydrogen oxidation in alkaline media is limited by slow reaction kinetics. Here, the authors develop a family of bimetallic catalysts by theoretical analysis and reveal that RuIr achieves superior activity and durability through synergistic adsorption of hydrogen and hydroxyl intermediates.

Elucidating the genetic basis of aneuploid phenotypes has posed a challenge. Here, the authors use loss-of-function screening in synthetic aneuploid yeast and gain-of-function testing in euploid yeast to identify various dosage-dependent nonlinear polygenic interactions driving aneuploid traits.

A modular nanobody-based approach assembles combination vaccines by stably attaching diverse antigens to hepatitis E virus-like particles, preserving native immunogenicity and inducing broad protection against respiratory pathogens.

Chirality amplification and transfer strategies are powerful routes to endow covalent organic polymers with supramolecular helicity, expanding their structural and functional versatility. Here, the authors studied helical polyimines with uniform helicity but that displayed reversed chiroptical signatures upon subtle adjustments to a single polymerization parameter.