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A streamlined blood test using mass spectrometry improves measurement of amyloid-β for early Alzheimer’s disease diagnosis, requiring less sample volume and reagents while maintaining high accuracy, sensitivity and strong agreement with brain imaging.

Here, the authors combine bioinformatic, mass spectrometric, and sequencing-based mapping tools to identify previously undescribed phosphorothioate epigenetic systems widespread in the human gut microbiome.

Cryo-electron microscopy structures of three large ornate natural bacterial RNA molecules reveal their quaternary structures and intra- and intermolecular interactions that stabilize them.

Donahue et al. show that ageing is associated with changes in ER morphology. ER-phagy drives age-associated ER remodelling through tissue-specific factors.

Alternative splicing generates diverse protein isoforms, yet the functions of most exons remain unknown. Here, the authors introduce scCHyMErA-Seq, a scalable single-cell CRISPR exon-deletion platform that maps exon-specific transcriptional functions shaping gene expression and cell-cycle states.

Plasmodium vivax is responsible for most malaria cases outside Africa and drug resistance is a concern. The authors use genomic approaches to identify a deletion near the MDR1 gene that affects its expression and is associated with lower mefloquine susceptibility.

To maintain genome stability, the specialised reverse transcriptase telomerase processively adds telomeric DNA repeats to chromosome ends. Here the authors reported structures of human telomerase at three stages of telomeric repeat synthesis, providing key insights into its mechanism.

CD38 is highly expressed by antibody-secreting cells (ASC) and depleting antibodies targeting CD38 have the potential to treat autoimmune diseases with ASC involvement. Here authors treat systemic lupus erythematosus patients with the ASC-depleting anti-CD38 monoclonal antibody daratumumab in addition to dexamethasone in the frame of a single arm, open-label phase 2 clinical trial to show marked improvements in their clinical and immunological status.

Current long acting HIV therapies face challenges like prolonged pharmacokinetic tails, which increase resistance risk. The authors develop dimeric bictegravir prodrug nanosuspensions that sustain therapeutic levels for six months with a short PK tail, supporting safer ultra-long-acting HIV treatment.

In young, estrogen-deprived female mice, the authors show that daily low-intensity vibration protected bone, muscle and fat metabolism. This treatment also enhanced bisphosphonate outcomes, strengthening the skeleton to counter adverse effects of cancer therapy on musculoskeletal tissue.

Biodegradable enzymatic microbubble robots self-propel in urea, are magnetically or chemotactically guided, provide ultrasound imaging and enhance intratumoural drug delivery with focused ultrasound.

Pangenomic and epidemiological analyses reveal a genetic shift in U.S. Salmonella Hadar populations during 2019–20, driven by expansion of a lineage carrying a prophage-like element that likely arose in commercial poultry and spread to backyard flocks.

A wearable that continuously measures the concentration of a drug is demonstrated in humans.

Patients with myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) have limited therapeutic options. Here the authors show that functionally impaired NK cells contribute to immune escape of pre-malignant clones in early stage MDS and that NK adoptive cell therapy can be considered to prevent or delay the development of MDS.

In this work, the authors reveal that three non-ribosomal peptides targeting a common protein quality system differentially alter the Mycobacterium tuberculosis proteome, providing new insight into the molecular mechanisms behind their antimycobacterial activity.

A bioresorbable microneedle sensor array provides continuous, wireless and multimodal monitoring of organ metabolism, oxygenation and electrophysiology for up to 7 days in postoperative kidney ischaemia and gut disorders.

Psychedelics and their non-hallucinogenic analogues were compared, revealing that serotonin 2A receptor (5-HT_2AR)-mediated G_i signalling is essential for hallucinogenic effect, with the functional mechanisms underlying this providing insights for designing therapeutic drugs without hallucinogenic effects.

How the brain supports speaking and listening during conversation of its natural form remains poorly understood. Here, by combining intracranial EEG recordings with Natural Language Processing, the authors show broadly distributed frontotemporal neural signals that encode context-dependent linguistic information during both speaking and listening..

In this article, the authors characterise genetic variation in CARTaGENE, a population-based cohort from Quebec, Canada. This genomic resource enables population and disease genetic studies in a founder population and other under-represented groups.

The relative contribution of lipid catabolism on fasting-induced longevity was unknown. Authors showed lifespan extension from fasting depend on silencing lipid catabolism upon nutrient replenishment through phosphorylation of NHR-49 by KIN-19.

A customizable, flexible patch enables accurate three-dimensional in vivo magnetic localization across diverse medical settings and shows reliable performance in vascular and gastrointestinal studies.

Transition of superfluid to insulator is observed in the layer-imbalanced regime of bilayer magnetoexcitons.

Accurately predicting enzyme functions remains challenging, especially for underrepresented enzyme commission (EC) classes. Here, the authors introduce HIT-EC, a hierarchical interpretable transformer that improves EC number prediction and provides insight into sequence-function relationships.

Phylodynamic modelling shows how the changing antibiotic landscape and genetic determinants of resistance shape real-world gonococcal dynamics. Experiments validated that determinants with identical resistance phenotype differed in impact on fitness.

This study uses brain recordings, self-reports, and facial analysis to decode acute pain in epilepsy patients. Machine learning reveals stable neural markers in mesolimbic, striatal, and cortical regions, plus facial cues, enabling reliable pain detection in naturalistic settings.

The role of normally silenced transposable elements (TEs) in tumorigenesis remains unclear. Here, the authors show that increased expression of TEs in both patients and mice with colitis or by DNA hypomethylating drugs elicits a viral mimicry response that suppresses tumorigenesis. This viral mimicry response inhibits the stemness of cancer initiating cells in a cell autonomous manner.

Here the authors analyse genetic data for over 400,000 British and Irish people, showing that the frequency of the major genetic risk factor for haemochromatosis varies from a low of 1/212 in Southern England to 1/62-1/54 in Outer Hebrideans and Northwest Irish. Clinically diagnosed haemochromatosis varies 11- fold in frequency across England, emphasising the uneven risk landscape.

Antigen presentation in skull bone marrow by hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells induces myelopoiesis and generates CD4⁺ regulatory T cells in a mouse model of ependymoma, promoting immune tolerance. Treatment with anti-GM-CSF antibody has antitumor effects that are augmented by immunotherapy.

González-Gualda, Reinius et al. demonstrate that platinum-based chemotherapy-induced senescence promotes malignancy in ovarian and lung cancer via TGFβ ligands, with evidence in mouse models validated in clinical samples. Concomitantly blocking TGFβ signaling with chemotherapy reduces tumor burden and increases survival in mice.

In the phase 1/2 TRIDENT-1 trial, treatment of patients with NTRK fusion–positive advanced solid tumors with the tyrosine kinase inhibitor repotrectinib—selective for ROS1, TRKA−C and ALK—was safe and resulted in durable systemic and intracranial clinical response.

Psilocybin may help treat chronic pain, possibly due to direct analgesic effects. Here, authors tested psilocybin on acute and chronic pain in three mouse models of pain and found minimal effects on sensory, affective, or functional pain measures.

It remains unknown why only some sickle cell disease (SCD) patients develop lung thrombosis. Here, the authors show that an extracellular vesicle-dependent mechanism prevents lung thrombosis in SCD and how a CD39 polymorphism impairs this protection to promote lung thrombosis in subset of patients.

The famous nebula Barnard 68 has been used as a giant cosmic-ray detector: cosmic-ray-excited vibrational H₂ emission has been observed by JWST, giving a direct measurement of the CR ionization rate.

Functional studies of O-GlcNAcylation have often focused on individual modifications. Now, a systems-level approach has identified simultaneous O-GlcNAcylation events that coordinate cellular activities and tissue-specific functions.

Non-invasive strategies to detect and track activated myeloid cells will facilitate disease diagnosis and monitoring in patients affected by neuroinflammatory disorders. Here, the authors present 18F-FMD, a dendrimer-based PET tracer that detects and monitors activated myeloid cells at different stages (presymptomatic and symptomatic) of Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis (EAE) in mice and in response to disease-modifying therapies.

Long COVID is associated with challenges in energy management, with limited interventions available. In this study, a just-in-time app-based energy management intervention for long COVID did not reduce postexertional malaise compared to usual care, though both groups improved over time, showing the approach was safe but not effective.

This study reports that genomic signatures composed of the loss of pluripotency inhibitors, expansion of pluripotency activators and maintenance of an epigenetically permissive state contribute to the plantlet formation in Kalanchoe.

Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) associated uveitis can cause vision loss in children, but mechanisms remain unclear. The authors here identify elevated CD19⁺IgD^-CD27^- double negative type 1 B cells in JIA-uveitis and show that targeting B-T cell interactions suppresses disease in mouse models of uveitis.

Non-equilibrium two-dimensional melting is less understood than its equilibrium counterpart. Now it is shown that topologically driven melting in a two-dimensional crystal of charged colloids is the same irrespective of the mechanisms that generate the defects

Changing fire regimes, leading to higher likelihood of high severity fire, are having unknown impacts on biodiversity. This study identifies regions of high avian biodiversity and individual bird species predicted to be highly exposed to future high severity.

Earth’s core dynamo, which produces the magnetic field, may have been influenced by spatial variations in heat flux across the core–mantle boundary, according to combined palaeomagnetic datasets and geodynamo simulations.

Zhang et al. show that the activation of RIPK1 is suppressed by acetylhypusination in a spermidine-dependent manner. Disruption of this axis contributes to RIPK1-mediated vascular pathology to promote insulin resistance and diabetic kidney pathology.

An anti-HIV-1 antibody that targets an N332_gp120 glycan-independent V3 epitope, a site of Env vulnerability, can decline viremia in HIV-1-infected humanized mice while overcoming classical V3 escape mutations.

In one-shot perceptual learning, what we see can be dramatically altered by a single past experience. Using psychophysics, fMRI, iEEG, and DNNs, the authors identify neural and computational mechanisms underlying this remarkable ability in humans.

There has been a recent interest in control of magnetism via ionic transport. The appeal of such magneto-ionic control lies in its extent, non-volatility and potential energy-efficiency, however, the number of systems showing such behaviour is limited. Here, Tan, Ma, and coauthors demonstrate magneto-ionic control through Carbon transport.

Application of multiancestry and ensemble-based approaches yields improved polygenic risk prediction models for breast cancer and its subtypes among women of African ancestry.

Wetlands dominated by larger, slower-growing and highly hydrophytic plants, rather than those with higher functional diversity, tend to store more soil organic carbon.

Estimating respiratory infection rates in the community is challenging as testing is usually limited to people with more severe infections. Here, the authors develop a statistical method to estimate infection rates using data from a community survey that performed lateral flow testing in England and Scotland in 2023-24.

The study used snMultiome-seq to map gene expression and chromatin accessibility in human central amygdala cells from people with and without AUD. Here, the authors show that inhibitory neurons are most affected, with KLF16-driven regulatory changes and AUD-risk variants disrupting gene activity.