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China’s carbon neutrality and clean-air policies cause global warming from reduced aerosols that nearly offsets cooling from reduced CO2 before 2060, with warming emerging afterwards, calling for early carbon neutrality and more mitigation strategies.

The cellular makeup of the primate cochlea, crucial for hearing, remains poorly understood. Here, authors show a detailed map of primate cochlear cells, revealing both conserved and species-specific features.

Newly emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants underscore the need for broad-spectrum antiviral solutions. This study shows a macrocyclic peptide inhibitor that locks the SARS-CoV-2 spike trimer into a “closed” conformation by engaging a conserved region, and demonstrates that intranasal administration of the peptide inhibitor protects against Omicron variants.

The complex interactions between the uterus microenvironment and the embryo during development are not fully understood. Here, authors engineer a 3D hydrogel culture system to investigate how the physical and biochemical properties of the uterine microenvironment impact embryo development in vitro.

This study reports that genomic signatures composed of the loss of pluripotency inhibitors, expansion of pluripotency activators and maintenance of an epigenetically permissive state contribute to the plantlet formation in Kalanchoe.

Researchers report a spontaneous method that produces chlorine directly from chloride-containing brines by harnessing their inherent osmotic energy and chloride ions, without any external energy input.

How the vascular endothelial cells support the functional adaptation of pancreatic islets under obesity-associated metabolic stress is poorly understood. Here, the authors show that the ER stress sensor IRE1α employs its RNase activity to play an important regulatory role in this process.

Wastewater treatment plants harbour extensive but poorly characterized microbial genetic diversity. Using 828 metagenomes from wastewater treatement plants globally, this study reconstructs >24,000 metagenome-assembled genomes, including >12,000 new species, providing a genome-resolved framework for understanding and engineering activated sludge functions.

Anhydroicaritin-loaded mesenchymal stem cell exosomes attenuates IMQ-induced murine psoriasis-like skin inflammation and acted as a therapeutic candidate for psoriasis management.

Quantum low-density parity-check error correction codes are anticipated to deliver high performance, but require long-range qubit–qubit interactions. Two of these error correction codes have now been successfully implemented on a superconducting device.

A soft, biodegradable, wireless sensing device can monitor pressure, temperature and strain over long distances (up to 16 cm), maintaining accuracy across varying positions and angles.

Volumetric Localization Microscopy (VLM) integrates light-field imaging with deep learning for high-fidelity 3D single-molecule imaging. Trained on system-aware PSFs, VLM offers simple, efficient, low-toxicity 3D imaging for biomedical research.

Prior hypoglycemia alters the paracrine interaction between islet α and δ cells, leading to impaired counter-regulatory glucagon secretion through somatostatin hypersecretion, increasing the risk of recurrent hypoglycemia.

The separation of sensor, memory, and processor in a recognition system deteriorates the latency of decision-making and increases the overall computing power. Here, Zhang et al. develop a photoelectronic reservoir computing system, consisting of DUV photo-synapses and a memristor array, to detect and recognize the latent fingerprint with in-sensor and parallel in-memory computing.

Circadian rhythms shape epidermal stem cell fate by regulating rhythmic gene expression in human EPSCs. ZFP42 maintains stemness by sustaining CRY1 expression, promoting proliferation and restraining differentiation to preserve epidermal homeostasis.

A label-free imaging approach detects differences in NIR-II autofluorescence intensity between human liver malignancy and the adjacent tissue.

Hong-Xuan Lin, Ji-Ping Gao, Jun-Xiang Shan and colleagues show that natural variation in a proteasome α2 subunit gene contributes to thermotolerance in African rice. Their follow-up studies suggest that the variant allele protects cells from heat stress by enhancing the elimination of cytotoxic denatured proteins and maintaining heat-response processes.

SpatialZ generates virtual single-cell spatial transcriptomics slices between experimentally measured sections, enabling accurate and efficient building of 3D cell atlases of different tissues.

An annotation-free vision–language model based on contrastive learning performs pathology localization and clinical diagnosis on a wide variety of medical image datasets.

The SpatialEx(+) framework uses histology to generate and integrate complementary spatial multi-omics data across samples.

This work constructs a ‘mitochondrial autonomous drive’ (MAD) system, which utilizes the downregulation of mitophagy to accelerate mitochondrial intercellular transport through tunneling nanotubes (TNTs), enabling the delivery of exogenous substances for deep penetration and treatment of tumors.

The authors conducted a genome-wide association study of bipolar disorder (BD) in Han Chinese and integrated PGC4 East Asian and European datasets, discovering 23 novel loci, prioritizing 39 credible risk genes and implicating BD-related cell types and druggable targets.

Drought stress threatens global food security. This study shows that drought-induced changes in wheat metabolites selectively enrich drought-tolerant bacteria in the rhizosphere, which enhance plant growth through key functional traits, offering promising avenues to strengthen crop resilience and sustain food production under climate change.

Detecting proton arrangements and quantum behavior at the atomic level is a challenge. Here, the authors use atomic force spectroscopy to reveal symmetry breaking in the proton arrangement in cyclic hydrogen bonds caused by nuclear quantum effects.

Nanometer-wide lateral heterostructures between 2D semiconductors are still rare. Here the authors report the valley-selective hole state transmission between ferroelectric SnTe monolayers separated by a PbTe barrier with the width of merely 2 nm.

Catalytic asymmetric all-carbon-based inverse-electron-demand Diels–Alder reactions are challenging. Now, transition metal catalysts enable formal inverse-electron-demand [4+2] cycloaddition reactions of Morita–Baylis–Hillman carbonates with 1,3-unsaturated compounds to afford chiral cyclohexene derivatives.

A dipolar-passivation strategy enables all-perovskite tandem solar cells with a power conversion efficiency of over 30%.

Silent speech interfaces rely on a wide range of sensing technologies to decode articulatory and neural signals without sound. This Review compares off-, on- and in-body modalities and outlines emerging sensor–AI integration trends for scalable silent speech interfaces.

Coherence is widely seen as essential for quantum source quality. Here, authors demonstrate on-chip photon states with increased brightness and purity using incoherent light. It reveals the mechanism of pump coherence and lowers the barrier for the generation of high-quality quantum states.

This work describes FX-Cell and its derivatives to achieve single-cell RNA sequencing from challenging and cryopreserved plant tissues, expanding the scope of single-cell genomics across field-grown samples.

Metals are often either strong or ductile, but rarely both. Here, the authors demonstrate how 3D printing integrates multiple mechanisms in a high-entropy alloy to achieve strength–ductility synergy.

Surface reconstruction during reactions often generates unique active sites that boost catalytic performance. Here, the authors show that supported Ni₃InC₀.₅ nanoparticles undergo CO₂-induced surface oxidation, forming defective In₂O₃₋ₓ layers and inverse In₂O₃₋ₓ/Ni interfaces during CO₂ hydrogenation.

Infection with SARS-CoV-2 causes interstitial pneumonia and viral replication in the lungs of transgenic mice that express a human version of ACE2, confirming the pathogenicity of the virus in this model.

Researchers identified a unique “latch bulge” in yeast mitofusin Fzo1. This fungi-specific structure allows Fzo1 to dimerize and remain locked after catalyzing GTP hydrolysis, enabling efficient mitochondrial fusion with minimal energy consumption.